Direct conversion of X-ray irradiation using a semiconductor material is an emerging technology in medical and material sciences. Existing technologies face problems, such as sensitivity or resilience. Here, we describe a novel class of X-ray sensors...
In the last ten to fifteen years there has been much research in using amorphous and polycrystalline semiconductors as x-ray photoconductors in various x-ray image sensor applications, most notably in flat panel x-ray imagers (FPXIs). We first outlin...
This article experimentally investigates the inception of an innovative hard X-ray photon energy attenuation layer (PAL) to advance high-energy X-ray detection (20–50 keV). A bi-layer design with a thin film high-Z PAL on the top and Si image s...
The Hartman wavefront sensor can be used for X-ray phase imaging with high angular resolution. The Hartmann sensor is able to retrieve both the phase and absorption from a single acquisition. The system calculates the shift in a series of apertures i...
With the advent of electric vehicles, the demand for non-destructive inspection methods for battery evaluation has increased. Among various requirements, achieving high-frame-rate performance is particularly critical for rapid inspection in end-user...
For more than 15 years, Imagine Optic have developed Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) and X-ray Hartmann wavefront sensors for metrology and imaging applications. These sensors are compatible with a wide range of X-ray sources: from synchrotrons, Free Elec...
With the dynamic development of imaging technologies and increasing demands in various industrial fields, neural networks are playing a crucial role in advanced design, monitoring, and analysis techniques. This review article presents the latest rese...
High-energy (>20 keV) X-ray photon detection at high quantum yield, high spatial resolution, and short response time has long been an important area of study in physics. Scintillation is a prevalent method but limited in various ways. Directly det...
We have tried to develop the guidance system for farmers to cultivate using various phenological indices. As the sensing part of this system, we deployed a new Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This system uses the 920 MHz radio wave based on the Wirele...
To enhance lychee quality assessment and address inconsistencies in post-harvest pest detection, this study presents a multi-source fusion approach combining hyperspectral imaging, X-ray imaging, and visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. Trad...
Automatic defect detection is an important and challenging issue in the tire industrial quality control. As is well known, the production quality of tire is directly related to the vehicle running safety and passenger security. However, it is difficu...
In this paper we present a systematic approach to sort out different types of random telegraph noises (RTN) in CMOS image sensors (CIS) by examining their dependencies on the transfer gate off-voltage, the reset gate off-voltage, the photodiode integ...
Currently, various deep learning methods can assist in medical diagnosis. Coronary Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a medical imaging technology used in cardiac interventional procedures. By employing X-ray sensors to visualize the coronary a...
A 10 × 10 µm2 radiation-tolerant voltage-domain global shutter pixel with radiation-hardened by design (RHBD) device modification is developed to operate under high ionizing-dose rates and high total ionizing-dose (TID) levels. Therefore,...
The increasing concern over heavy metal contamination in export crops has intensified research on the application of computer vision systems (CVS) and advanced sensing technologies within multi-level agricultural monitoring frameworks spanning soil c...
The Hartmann wavefront sensor is able to measure, separately and in absolute, the real δ and imaginary part β of the X-ray refractive index. While combined with tomographic setup, the Hartman sensor opens many interesting opportunities beh...
An array of compound refractive X-ray lenses (CRL) with 20 × 20 lenslets, a focal distance of 20cm and a visibility of 0.93 is presented. It can be used as a Shack-Hartmann sensor for hard X-rays (SHARX) for wavefront sensing and permits for tr...
Scintillating screens for X-ray imaging applications are prepared with various methods. Among them, the classic sedimentation method presents certain weak points. In this context, a novel fabrication process was developed that offers simplicity, econ...
Sensor-based sorting techniques offer the potential to improve ore grades and reduce the amount of waste material processed. Previous studies show that sensor-based sorting can reduce energy, water and reagent consumption and fine waste production by...
Rock hardness significantly impacts comminution efficiency, one of mining’s most energy-intensive processes. Accurate, rapid, and non-invasive hardness characterization can enhance mine-to-mill optimization and energy management. This study inv...
Background/Objectives: Deep learning models for digital mammography sensor data are increasingly deployed across hospitals using different X-ray detector technologies and patient populations. Whether models trained on one sensor platform and populati...
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is a widely used technique for accurately targeting cancerous tumours in difficult locations using dynamically shaped beams. This is ideally accompanied by real-time independent verification. Monolithic active pixel s...
In this paper, we report on a systematic study of a soft X-ray Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector built with aluminium-clad kapton GEM foils. The primary objective of this research is to comprehend the performance of this type of detector when ir...
In this paper, we report on the systematic study of different variants of X-ray detectors based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology using modified GEM foils with greatly reduced amount of copper. The main goal of this study was understanding...
Nanomaterial-based humidity sensors hold great promise for water vapor detection because of their high sensitivity and fast response/recovery. However, the condensation of water in nanomaterial films remains unclear from a physicochemical perspective...
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) need sensor-to-segment calibration to measure human kinematics. Multiple methods exist, but, when assessing populations with locomotor function pathologies, multiple limitations arise, including holding postures (lim...
Simulation results are presented that explore an innovative, new design for X-ray detection in the 20–50 keV range that is an alternative to traditional direct and indirect detection methods. Typical indirect detection using a scintillator must trade...
The paper presents a set of tests carried out in order to evaluate the design characteristics and the operating performance of a set of six X-ray extrinsic optical fiber sensors. The extrinsic sensor we developed is intended to be used as a low energ...
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but it is difficult to implement due to the competing requirements of X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art nanotomog...
Background: Mammographic digital imaging is based on X-ray sensors with solid image quality characteristics. These primarily include (a) a response curve that yields high contrast and image latitude, (b) a frequency response given by the Modulation T...
In this paper, we report on the design and performance of a 1 cm2, 90 × 92-pixel image sensor. It is made X-ray sensitive by the use of a scintillator. Its pixels have a charge packet counting circuit topology with two channels, each realizing a diff...
This research concerns a design and construction of a bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) measurement system based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). An indirect X-ray detector is designed by optical coupling CMOS senso...
In the current work, a pix2pix conditional generative adversarial network has been evaluated as a potential solution for generating adequately accurate synthesized morphological X-ray images by translating standard photographic images of mice. Such a...
We present a miniaturized and wide field-of-view X-ray and Gamma-ray imager consisting of a segmented 2D optics-collimator coupled to the high-sensitivity semiconductor pixel detector Timepix equipped with a high-Z sensor (CdTe 2000
Reuse, refurbishing, and recycling are the most sustainable options for handling waste materials. However, for municipal solid waste (MSW) that is highly heterogenic, crude, contaminated, and decrepit, thermal conversion in waste-to-energy (WtE) plan...
Optical sensors combined with machine learning algorithms have led to significant advances in seed science. These advances have facilitated the development of robust approaches, providing decision-making support in the seed industry related to the ma...
Purpose: This pilot study aimed to evaluate how deviations in X-ray tube head angulation and digital sensor alignment affect the radiographic measurement of the profile angle in CAD-CAM abutments. Materials and Methods: A mandibular model was used wi...
A rare-earth trihalide scintillator, CeBr3, in 1 cm edge cubic monocrystal form, is examined with regard to its principal luminescence and scintillation properties, as a candidate for radiation imaging applications. This relatively new material exhib...
Radiography facilities face challenges with the positioning of digital radiography detectors. This study evaluates the image quality, radiation dose, and patient comfort associated with wireless sensors in digital radiography. A systematic exploratio...
The absolute luminescence efficiency (AE) of a calcium fluoride (CaF2:Eu) single crystal doped with europium was studied using X-ray energies met in general radiography. A CaF2:Eu single crystal with dimensions of 10 × 10 × 10 mm3 was irr...
We describe a method to measure micron to millimeter displacement through tissue using an upconversion spectral ruler. Measuring stiffness (displacement under load) in muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons is important for studying and monitoring he...
Ensuring high-quality control in laser additive manufacturing and laser welding relies on the implementation of reliable and cost-effective real-time observation techniques. Real-time monitoring techniques play an important role in understanding crit...
Effective X-ray photon-counting spectral imaging (x-CSI) detector design involves the optimisation of a wide range of parameters both regarding the sensor (e.g., material, thickness and pixel pitch) and electronics (e.g., signal-processing chain and...
In this study, the light output of a zinc selenide activated with tellurium (ZnSe: Te) single crystal was measured for X-ray radiography applications. A cubic crystal (10 × 10 × 10 mm) was irradiated using X-rays with tube voltages from 5...
In this paper, we report on the development of a monolithic active pixel sensor for X-ray imaging using 0.2 µm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based technology to support next generation astronomical satellite missions. Detail regardi...
Automatic defect detection of tire has become an essential issue in the tire industry. However, it is challenging to inspect the inner structure of tire by surface detection. Therefore, an X-ray image sensor is used for tire defect inspection. At pre...
The noise distribution of images obtained by X-ray sensors in low-dosage situations can be analyzed using the Poisson and Gaussian mixture model. Multiscale conversion is one of the most popular noise reduction methods used in recent years. Estimatio...
C-arm X-ray imaging is commonly applied in operating rooms for guiding orthopedic surgeries. Augmented Reality (AR) with C-arm X-ray images during surgery is an efficient way to facilitate procedures for surgeons. However, the accurate calibration pr...
X-ray ptychography is an ultrahigh resolution imaging technique widely used in synchrotron radiation facilities. Its imaging performance relies on the quality of the acquired signals. However, the X-ray detectors used often suffer from signal loss du...
Background: In this study, the light output of a cadmium tungstate (CdWO4) single crystal was measured under various X-ray radiographic energies. Methods: A CdWO4 single crystal (10 × 10 × 10 mm3) was exposed to X-rays in the 50–130...
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