Aiming at the practical constraints of high resource occupancy and complex calculations in the existing Spike Neural Network (SNN) image classification model, in order to seek a more lightweight and efficient machine vision solution, this paper propo...
Double-spikes Phalaenopsis orchids have greater market value than those with single-spike. In this study, a gene designated as Spike Activator 1 (SPK1), which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, was isolated and characterize...
This paper presents an ultralow power 0.6 V 116 nW neural spike acquisition integrated circuit with analog spike extraction. To reduce power consumption, an ultralow power self-biased current-balanced instrumentation amplifier (IA) is proposed. The p...
Accurate automatic spike detection is highly beneficial to clinical assessment of epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG) data. In this paper, a new two-stage approach is proposed for epileptic spike detection. First, the k-point nonlinear energy operat...
Wheat is one of the three major staple crops globally. The wheat spike serves as the primary structure bearing wheat grains. Spike architectures of wheat have a direct impact on the number of grains per spike, and thus the grain yield per spike. The...
Photonic spiking neural networks (SNN) have the advantages of high power efficiency, high bandwidth and low delay, but limitations are encountered in large-scale integration. The silicon photonics platform is a promising candidate for realizing large...
A novel feedback-based spike detection algorithm for noisy spike trains is presented in this paper. It uses the information extracted from the results of spike classification for the enhancement of spike detection. The algorithm performs template mat...
Several studies report elevated blood platelet activation and altered platelet count in COVID-19 patients, but the role of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in this process remains intriguing. Additionally, there is no data that anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizi...
Many of the approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are based on a stabilized variant of the spike protein. This raises the question of whether the immune response against the stabilized spike is identical to the immune response that is elicited by the native s...
This paper introduces a new spike activation function (SPKAF) or spike membership function for fuzzy adaptive neurons (FAN), developed for decoding spatiotemporal information with spikes, optimizing digital signal processing. A solution with the adap...
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) first detected in Wuhan, China, has created a public health emergency all over the world. The pandemic has caused more than 340 million confirmed cases and 5.57 million deaths as of 23 January 2022. Al...
A new betacoronavirus (CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that began in China at the end of 2019, today known as COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Subsequent studies confirmed the human angiotensin-c...
In this paper we present a complete spike-based architecture: from a Dynamic Vision Sensor (retina) to a stereo head robotic platform. The aim of this research is to reproduce intended movements performed by humans taking into account as many feature...
Neurons communicate via the relative timing of all-or-none biophysical signals called spikes. For statistical analysis, the time between spikes can be accumulated into inter-spike interval histograms. Information theoretic measures have been estimate...
Neuronal spike patterns are the fundamental units of neural communication in the brain, which is still not fully understood. Entropy measures offer a quantitative framework to assess the variability and information content of these spike patterns. By...
We study how sensory neurons detect and transmit a weak external stimulus. We use the FitzHugh–Nagumo model to simulate the neuronal activity. We consider a sub-threshold stimulus, i.e., the stimulus is below the threshold needed for triggering...
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates target recognition, cellular entry, and ultimately the viral infection that leads to various levels of COVID-19 severities. Positive evolutionary selection of mutations within the spike protein has led to the gen...
Reliable and low-latency seizure detection from electroencephalography (EEG) is critical for continuous clinical monitoring and emerging wearable health technologies. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide an event-driven computational paradigm that...
There are many cases in which the separation of different sources from single channel recordings is important, for example, in fluorescence spectral overlap compensation, electrical impedance signaling, intramuscular electromyogram decomposition or i...
Spike structures appear in several phenomena, whereas spike trains (STs) are of particular importance, since they can carry temporal encoding of information. Regarding the STs of the biological neuron type, several models have already been proposed....
Spiking neural networks inspired by biological models are gaining popularity in artificial intelligence due to their ability to solve diverse problems while reducing energy consumption. As a result of the trade-off between the need to transmit large...
Porcine astrovirus 4 (PoAstV4) has been recently associated with respiratory disease in pigs. In order to understand the scope of PoAstV4 infections and to support the development of a vaccine to combat PoAstV4 disease in pigs, we designed and produc...
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive drug repurposing efforts have sought to identify small-molecule antivirals with various mechanisms of action. Here, we aim to review research progress on small-molecule viral entry and fusion in...
By mimicking the hierarchical structure of human brain, deep spiking neural networks (DSNNs) can extract features from a lower level to a higher level gradually, and improve the performance for the processing of spatio-temporal information. Due to th...
Zebra finches are a model animal used in the study of audition. They are adept at recognizing zebra finch songs, and the neural pathway involved in song recognition is well studied. Here, this example is used to illustrate the estimation of mutual in...
The spike protein is key to SARS-CoV-2 high infectivity because it facilitates the receptor binding domain (RBD) encounter with ACE2. As targeting subunit S1 has not yet delivered an ACE2-binding inhibitor, we have assessed the druggability of the co...
Spike length is a critical trait influencing the yield potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, there has been limited research on spike-length-related genes in wheat. Moreover, the scarcity of stable markers for spike-related traits has r...
Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (the etiological agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic), rely on the surface spike glycoprotein to access the host cells, mainly through the interaction of their receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the human angiot...
As a major surface glycoprotein of enveloped viruses, the virus spike protein is a primary target for vaccines and anti-viral treatments. Current vaccines aiming at controlling the COVID-19 pandemic are mostly directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike pr...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and COVID-19 vaccines focus on its spike protein. However, in addition to facilitating the membrane fusion and viral...
This article describes aspects within an experimental program aimed at improving the structural performance of cracked solid fir-wood beams repaired with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) spikes. Fir wood is characterized by its low density, low...
This paper presents a novel hardware architecture for fast spike sorting. The architecture is able to perform both the feature extraction and clustering in hardware. The generalized Hebbian algorithm (GHA) and fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm are used f...
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) can accumulate in response to inflammation, metabolic stresses, and other physiological/pathological processes. Herein, we investigated whether spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 induce LDs in human peripheral blood monon...
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we pr...
In this paper, a method of generating controllable spikes utilizing symmetric semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) is investigated, and various optical behaviors of biological neurons are successfully emulated on a faster timescale. We demonstrate the sy...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a +sense single-strand RNA virus. The virus has four major surface proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N), respectively. The constitutive proteins present...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and causes of epidemic diseases that have resulted in public health emergencies worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzym...
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through...
With the aim of tuning the complexity of traditional image processing parameters, the automated extraction of spike phenotypes based on the fusion of YOLOv11 and image processing was proposed, with winter wheat in Lingcheng District, Dezhou City, Sha...
The metabolic cross-talk between the mevalonate (MVA) and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways was analyzed in spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia Med) on the basis of 13CO2-labelling experiments using wildtype and transgenic plants overexpr...
We propose a deep learning-based spike sorting method for extracellular recordings. For analysis of extracellular single unit activity, the process of detecting and classifying action potentials called “spike sorting” has become essential...
Background. Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) offer users the ability to directly communicate with digital devices through neural signals decoded with machine learning (ML)-based algorithms. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a type of Artificial...
Background/Objectives: As with many viral fusion proteins, the native conformation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is metastable. Most COVID-19 vaccines utilize a stabilized Spike (Spike-2P) containing two proline substitutions, and subsequently, a further stabi...
In the fields of neuroscience and biomedical signal processing, spike sorting is a crucial step to extract the information of single neurons from extracellular recordings. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning approach based on one-dimensio...
Some of the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are less susceptible to neutralization with post-vaccine sera and monoclonal antibodies targeting the viral spike glycoprotein. This raises concerns of disease...
Spiking neural networks (SNNs), a neural network model structure inspired by the human brain, have emerged as a more energy-efficient deep learning paradigm due to their unique spike-based transmission and event-driven characteristics. Combining SNNs...
As a novel bio-inspired vision sensor, spike cameras offer significant advantages over conventional cameras with a fixed low sampling rate, recording fast-moving scenes by firing a continuous stream of spikes. Reconstruction methods including Texture...
Background/Objectives: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 3–6% of people suffer from post-COVID condition or syndrome (PCS). A subset meets the diagnostic criteria...
The purpose of this study was to develop a formulation for a recombinant prefusion spike protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. It was found that the spike protein was susceptible to aggregation due to mechanical stress. Therefore, formulation studies w...
Deep-learning-based object detection algorithms have significantly improved the performance of wheat spike detection. However, UAV images crowned with small-sized, highly dense, and overlapping spikes cause the accuracy to decrease for detection. Thi...
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