Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems are novel sensors that provide robust distance and reflection strength by active pulsed laser beams. They have significant advantages over visual cameras by providing active depth and intensity measurements...
The world is facing a great technological transformation towards fully autonomous vehicles, where optimists predict that by 2030 autonomous vehicles will be sufficiently reliable, affordable, and common to displace most human driving. To cope with th...
LiDAR sensors have great potential for enabling crop recognition (e.g., plant height, canopy area, plant spacing, and intra-row spacing measurements) and the recognition of agricultural working environments (e.g., field boundaries, ridges, and obstac...
Many modern automated vehicle sensor systems use light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. The prevailing technology is scanning LiDAR, where a collimated laser beam illuminates objects sequentially point-by-point to capture 3D range data. In curr...
Three-dimensional light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have received much attention in the field of autonomous navigation owing to their accurate, robust, and rich geometric information. Autonomous vehicles are typically equipped with multiple...
This article presents an alternative approach to detecting and mapping space debris in low Earth orbit by utilizing commercially available automotive LiDAR sensors mounted on CubeSats. The main objective is to leverage the compact size, low weight, a...
In this work, we introduce a novel approach to model the rain and fog effect on the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor performance for the simulation-based testing of LiDAR systems. The proposed methodology allows for the simulation of the ra...
The rapid development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) increases the requirement for the accurate prediction of objects in the vicinity to guarantee safer journeys. For effectively predicting objects, sensors such as Three-Dimensional Light Detection and...
With widely used LiDAR sensors included in consumer electronic devices, it is increasingly convenient to acquire point cloud data, but it is also difficult to segment the point cloud data obtained from these unprofessional LiDAR devices, due to their...
LiDAR sensors are needed for use in vehicular applications, particularly due to their good behavior in low-light environments, as they represent a possible solution for the safety systems of vehicles that have a long braking distance, such as trams....
This paper presents a novel power-efficient topology for receivers in short-range LiDAR sensors. Conventionally, LiDAR sensors exploit complex time-to-digital converters (TDCs) for time-of-flight (ToF) distance measurements, thereby frequently leadin...
This work introduces a process to develop a tool-independent, high-fidelity, ray tracing-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) model. This virtual LiDAR sensor includes accurate modeling of the scan pattern and a complete signal processing toolch...
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a sensor that uses a laser to represent the surrounding environment in three-dimensional information. Thanks to the development of LiDAR, LiDAR-based applications are being actively used in autonomous vehicles....
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors help autonomous vehicles detect the surrounding environment and the exact distance to an object’s position. Conventional LiDAR sensors require a certain amount of power consumption because they detect...
Person identification is a critical task in applications such as security and surveillance, requiring reliable systems that perform robustly under diverse conditions. This study evaluates the Vision Transformer (ViT) and ResNet34 models across three...
Vehicle detection in parking areas provides the spatial and temporal utilisation of parking spaces. Parking observations are typically performed manually, limiting the temporal resolution due to the high labour cost. This paper uses simulated data an...
Measurement performance evaluation of real and virtual automotive light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors is an active area of research. However, no commonly accepted automotive standards, metrics, or criteria exist to evaluate their measurement...
This paper presents an optoelectronic transceiver (OTRx) realized in a 180 nm CMOS technology for applications of short-range LiDAR sensors, in which a modified current-mode single-ended VCSEL driver (m-CMVD) is exploited as a transmitter (Tx) and a...
On-chip LiDAR sensors for vehicle collision avoidance are a rapidly expanding area of research and development. The assessment of reliable obstacle detection using data collected by LiDAR sensors has become a key issue that the scientific community i...
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies have been increasingly explored in academia and the industrial sector, especially the ones yielding point clouds. However, obtaining these data can still be expensive and time-consuming, reducing the effici...
This paper presents a nine-bit integrator-based time-to-digital converter (I-TDC) realized in a 180 nm CMOS technology for the applications of indoor home-monitoring light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. The proposed I-TDC exploits a clock-fre...
LiDAR and camera sensors are widely utilized in autonomous vehicles (AVs) and robotics due to their complementary sensing capabilities—LiDAR provides precise depth information, while cameras capture rich visual context. However, effective multi...
This paper presents a novel optoelectronic transimpedance amplifier (OTA) for short-range LiDAR sensors used in 180 nm CMOS technology, which consists of a main transimpedance amplifier (m-TIA) with an on-chip P+/N-well/Deep N-well avalanche photodio...
The present research aimed to evaluate whether two sensors, optical and laser, could highlight the change in olive trees’ canopy structure due to pruning. Therefore, two proximal sensors were mounted on a ground vehicle (Kubota B2420 tractor):...
Direct time-of-flight (DTOF) is a prominent depth sensing method in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays integrated in DTOF sensors have demonstrated excellent ranging and 3D imaging capabiliti...
Studies have shown that vehicle trajectory data are effective for calibrating microsimulation models. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers high-resolution 3D data, allowing for detailed mapping of the surrounding environment, includi...
The documentation and metric knowledge of architectural and cultural heritage is becoming an increasingly important need, especially concerning the state of degradation of some historical assets and the associated required interventions. In this cont...
Autopsy is a complex and unrepeatable procedure. It is essential to have the possibility of reviewing the autoptic findings, especially when it is done for medico-legal purposes. Traditional photography is not always adequate to record forensic pract...
The launch of the new iPad Pro by Apple in March 2020 generated high interest and expectations for different reasons; nevertheless, one of the new features that developers and users were interested in testing was the LiDAR sensor integrated into this...
This paper examined the accuracy of six installed LiDAR sensors at six different signalized intersections in Trois-Rivières City, Quebec, Canada. At each intersection, the crucial leading and following movements that cause vehicle–vehicle (V2V) and v...
Fog interferes with traffic flow and causes major accidents. In foggy conditions, traffic accident death rates are higher than in other weather conditions. Research on fog dissipation technology is needed to reduce the incidence of accidents caused b...
The accurate estimation of measurements covariance is a fundamental problem in sensors fusion algorithms and is crucial for the proper operation of filtering algorithms. This paper provides an innovative solution for this problem and realizes the pro...
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor technology for people detection offers a significant advantage in data protection. However, to design these systems cost- and energy-efficiently, the relationship between the measurement data and final objec...
Multi-sensor systems require precise time synchronization for accurate data fusion. However, currently prevalent software time synchronization methods often rely on clocks provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which may not offer...
LiDAR sensors, pivotal in various fields like agriculture and robotics for tasks such as 3D object detection and map creation, are increasingly coupled with thermal cameras to harness heat information. This combination proves particularly effective i...
A distributed state observer is designed for state estimation and tracking of mobile robots amidst dynamic environments and occlusions within distributed LiDAR sensor networks. The proposed novel framework enhances three-dimensional bounding box dete...
Recent developments in sensor technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), radar, and camera have led to emerging state-of-the-art autonomous systems, such as d...
The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor has become essential to achieving a high level of autonomous driving functions, as well as a standard Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). LiDAR capabilities and signal repeatabilities under extreme...
The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors are being considered as new traffic infrastructure sensors to detect road users’ trajectories for connected/autonomous vehicles and other traffic engineering applications. A LiDAR-enhanced traffic...
There have been significant advances regarding target detection in the autonomous vehicle context. To develop more robust systems that can overcome weather hazards as well as sensor problems, the sensor fusion approach is taking the lead in this cont...
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is often combined with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to get the LiDAR inertial odometry (LIO) for robot localization and mapping. In order to apply LIO efficiently and non-specialistically, self-calibration LI...
Parking is a challenging task for autonomous vehicles and requires a centimeter level precision of distance measurement for safe parking at a destination to avoid collisions with nearby vehicles. In order to avoid collisions with parked vehicles whil...
In the near future, autonomous vehicles with full self-driving features will populate our public roads. However, fully autonomous cars will require robust perception systems to safely navigate the environment, which includes cameras, RADAR devices, a...
In this paper, we present a novel 2D–3D pedestrian tracker designed for applications in autonomous vehicles. The system operates on a tracking by detection principle and can track multiple pedestrians in complex urban traffic situations. By usi...
Obstacle detection is crucial for the navigation of autonomous mobile robots: it is necessary to ensure their presence as accurately as possible and find their position relative to the robot. Autonomous mobile robots for indoor navigation purposes us...
This paper proposes a simple extrinsic calibration method for a multi-sensor system which consists of six image cameras and a 16-channel 3D LiDAR sensor using a planar chessboard. The six cameras are mounted on a specially designed hexagonal plate to...
In this paper, multipath error on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in urban environments is characterized with the help of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements. For this purpose, LiDAR equipment and Global Positioning Sys...
LiDAR-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and online localization methods are widely used in autonomous driving, and are key parts of intelligent vehicles. However, current SLAM algorithms have limitations in map drift and localization...
Labor shortages and uneven terrain in orchards present significant challenges to autonomous navigation. This study proposes a navigation system that integrates Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data to enhance lo...
Conventional methods of uniformly spraying fields to combat weeds, requires large herbicide inputs at significant cost with impacts on the environment. More focused weed control methods such as site-specific weed management (SSWM) have become popular...
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