367 Results Found

Patients after organ transplantations are at risk for mycobacteriosis development. Frequency of the mycobacterial infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is not as high as one could expect. It ranges from 0.4 to 4.9%. We present a case of a...

Skin and soft tissue infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria are occurring more frequently in recent years. However, chronic skin and soft tissue lesions present a challenge for clinicians, as the diagnostic work-up and definitive diagnosis...

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous components of the soil and surface water microbiome. Disparities by sex, age, and geography demonstrate that both host and environmental factors are key determinants of NTM disease in populations, whic...

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that infects and persists in macrophages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term fenofibrate treatment in patients with tuberculosis (TB), and the intracellul...

Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no...

Although there has been a drastic decline in the cases of Tuberculosis in the United States, the prevalence of infections caused by Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) has steadily increased in the past decades. Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) is one of...

Mycobacterial infections are a group of life-threatening conditions triggered by fast- or slow-growing mycobacteria. Some mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, promote the deaths of millions of lives throughout the world annually. The con...

Adhesion is crucial for the infective lifestyles of bacterial pathogens. Adhesion to non-living surfaces, other microbial cells, and components of the biofilm extracellular matrix are crucial for biofilm formation and integrity, plus adherence to hos...

Personalised medicine, in which clinical management is individualised to the genotypic and phenotypic data of patients, offers a promising means by which to enhance outcomes in the management of mycobacterial pulmonary infections. In this review, we...

Rapidly growing mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections are known to complicate cosmetic surgical procedures. Treatment consists of more surgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy guided by drug susceptibility testing. Paradoxical reactions occur...

Therapeutic treatment options for opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection and/or serious mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy are limited due to the spread of antimicrobial resistance mechanism. Plant-der...

Infections may constitute a serious complication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). New treatment agents including obinutuzumab and ibrutinib have improved the progression-free survival in CLL, and data suggest a similar overall inf...

Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumors (MSCPs) are rare lesions characterized by the proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes caused by mycobacterial infections. MSCPs have been reported in the lung, lymphatic system, and skin of immunodeficient...

Lack of understanding of the immune response to mycobacterial pathogens has impeded progress in development of vaccines. Infection leads to development of an immune response that controls infection but is unable to eliminate the pathogen, resulting i...

In humans, mitochondria play key roles in the regulation of cellular functions, such as the regulation of the innate immune response and are targets of several pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens that infect cell...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of death by infectious disease, overshadowed only recently by the COVID-19 pandemic [...]

Mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 gene (Hsp65) has been widely used for classification of Mycobacterial species, and detection of Mycobacterial genes by molecular methods and has proven useful in identification of Mycobacterial infection in various...

Although the therapeutic effect of mycobacteria as antitumor agents has been known for decades, recent epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that mycobacterium-related chronic inflammation may be a possible mechanism of cancer pathog...

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a serious disease mainly caused by M. avium and M. intracellulare. Although the incidence of MAC infection is increasing worldwide, only a few agents are clinically used, and their therapeutic effects are limited....

Mycobacterial lung diseases are an increasing global health concern. Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria differ in disease severity, epidemiology, and treatment strategies, but there are also a number of similarities. Pathophysiology and dis...

Mycobacterial infections are a resurgent and increasingly relevant problem. Within these, tuberculosis (TB) is particularly worrying as it is one of the top ten causes of death in the world and is the infectious disease that causes the highest number...

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are increasingly being recognized as opportunistic pathogens in clinical practice because of their innate resistance to antimicrobial treatment and the widespread increase in multidrug-resistant strains on a global...

The long regimen of drug therapy, the emergence of drug-resistance (DR), and infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are alarming challenges in controlling tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), necessit...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) has developed some strategies to evade host immune responses through ubiquitination, thereby facilitating persistent mycobacterial infection. The Rv3717 protein has been identified as a peptidoglycan (PG)...

Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination is widely practiced around the world to protect against the mycobacterial infection tuberculosis. BCG is also effective against the pathogenic mycobacteria that cause leprosy and Buruli’s ulcer. B...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a threat to human health worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can form biofilms, and in vitro and animal experiments have shown that biofilms cause serious drug resistance a...

As a major effector of the ESX-1 secretion system, EsxA is essential for the virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). EsxA possesses an acidic pH-dependent membrane permeabilizing...

Apoptosis is an important host defense mechanism against mycobacterial infection. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis during mycobacterial infection are not well known. Recent reports suggest that bacterial infection regulates mito...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat to the human population worldwide. The etiology of the disease is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a highly successful intracellular pathogen. It has the ability to manipulate the host immune response and t...

Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating drug-resistant mycobacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) [...]

Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) is an infection-inducible membrane protein, whose function in the immune response is incompletely understood. Based on previous results in a zebrafish infection model, we have proposed that DRAM1 is a ho...

Mycobacterium chimaera is a slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). It was identified as a unique species in 2004. Since 2013 it has been reported as a cause of disseminated infection in pa...

The role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection remains less well studied compared to that of the CD4+ T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Thus, alterations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcription profile following phagocytosis by neutrophils and ho...

Identification of mycobacterial infections for both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria is important for effective patient care. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS...

SPS is characterized by progressive spasmodic muscular rigidity. SPS is thought to be an autoimmune disease with a prominent feature of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). GAD is responsible for the enzymatic conversion of glutamic...

A female domestic shorthair cat aged 2 years was referred with a 1-month history of subcutaneous nodules and multiple sites of draining tracts at the ventral abdomen. Initially, the cat was diagnosed with a fungal infection and treated with oral itra...

Voles are maintenance hosts of Mycobacterium microti. In line with the goal to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in livestock, the role of this mycobacteria needs to be assessed since it might interfere with current M. bovis/M. caprae surveillance strategi...

Paratuberculosis, or Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. The agent was also found in wild mammals such as wild boar (Sus...

Mycobacterial infections are difficult to treat, requiring a combination of drugs and lengthy treatment times, thereby presenting a substantial burden to both the patient and health services worldwide. The limited treatment options available are unde...

Mycobacterial infections caused by tuberculous and non-tuberculous strains pose significant treatment challenges, especially among immunocompromised patients. Conventional antibiotic therapies often fail due to bacterial resistance, highlighting the...

Background: Accurate and timely diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is crucial for effective disease management. Methods: This study evaluated the performan...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is an intracellular pathogen persisting in phagosomes that has the ability to escape host immune surveillance causing tuberculosis (TB). Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), as a glycolipid, is one of the complex outermost comp...

Background: Information on the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infection and disease is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in NTM lung infections, and the factors associated with the initiation of treat...

The complement system orchestrates a multi-faceted immune response to the invading pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages engulf the mycobacterial bacilli through bacterial cell surface proteins or secrete proteins, which activate the comp...

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections of the breast are rare. These infections present as cellulitis of the breast or breast abscess. Their diagnosis poses a challenge as they manifest signs of acute inflammation, unlike tuberculous mycobact...

The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Because recurrent epidemics based on reinfection occur in children and adults, hRSV has gained interest as a potential primary...

Fast-growing mycobacteria cause difficult-to-treat infections due to their high intrinsic resistance to antibiotics as well as disinfectant agents. Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MAC) is the main cause of nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases. In th...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a human pathogen that can thrive inside the host immune cells for several years and cause tuberculosis. This is due to the propensity of M. tuberculosis to synthesize a sturdy cell wall, shift metabolism and growth, secr...

For drug-susceptible TB, the WHO-endorsed first-line regimen (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) remains the global reference. Therapy must always be tailored to drug susceptibility, especially in MDR- and XDR-TB. HIV-associated mycobac...

Encapsulated medication is a common method of administering therapeutic treatments. As researchers explore alternative therapies, it is likely that encapsulation will remain a feature of these novel treatments, particularly when routes of delivery ar...