Mycobacterium marinum: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case Presentation
3. Discussion and Review of the Literature
3.1. Microbiology and Epidemiology of M. marinum Infections
3.2. Clinical Course and Complications
3.3. Diagnosis
3.4. Treatment and Prognosis
Study | N | Treatment Regimen | Duration | Response |
---|---|---|---|---|
[5] | 63 | Monotherapy in 37% (minocycline/doxycycline or clarithromycin) Combination in 63% (the most frequent was clarithromycin + rifampin) | 3.5 months | 87% were cured, 13% experienced treatment failure |
[13] | 53 | Monotherapy in 45.3% (the most usual drug was doxycycline) Combination in 54.7% (the most usual combination was rifampin + clarithromycin) | 87 days (median) for superficial infection 240 days for deep tissue infection | 75.5% were improved, 5.7% were classified as treatment failure |
[63] | 18 | 14/18 received monotherapy (11 received clarithromycin, 3 received doxycycline/minocycline) 4/18 received combination (clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampin) | 10 weeks (median) | 13/18 were classified as successful, 5/18 were lost to follow up |
[15] | 28 | 5/28 received monotherapy 12/28 received combination treatment (the most common were ethambutol, rifampin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin) 11/28 received unknown antibiotics | 5 months (median) | 21/28 were improved, 7/28 were lost to follow up |
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tsiolakkis, G.; Liontos, A.; Filippas-Ntekouan, S.; Matzaras, R.; Theodorou, E.; Vardas, M.; Vairaktari, G.; Nikopoulou, A.; Christaki, E. Mycobacterium marinum: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071799
Tsiolakkis G, Liontos A, Filippas-Ntekouan S, Matzaras R, Theodorou E, Vardas M, Vairaktari G, Nikopoulou A, Christaki E. Mycobacterium marinum: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(7):1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071799
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsiolakkis, Giorgos, Angelos Liontos, Sempastian Filippas-Ntekouan, Rafail Matzaras, Eleftheria Theodorou, Michail Vardas, Georgia Vairaktari, Anna Nikopoulou, and Eirini Christaki. 2023. "Mycobacterium marinum: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management" Microorganisms 11, no. 7: 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071799
APA StyleTsiolakkis, G., Liontos, A., Filippas-Ntekouan, S., Matzaras, R., Theodorou, E., Vardas, M., Vairaktari, G., Nikopoulou, A., & Christaki, E. (2023). Mycobacterium marinum: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management. Microorganisms, 11(7), 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071799