Most Cited

This article provides a review of semiconductor based ionising radiation sensors to measure accumulated dose and detect individual strikes of ionising particles. The measurement of ionising radiation ($\gamma$-ray, X-ray, high energy UV-ray and heavy ions,...

This article highlights advancements in polymeric composite/nanocomposites processes and applications for improved radiation shielding and high-rate attenuation for the spacecraft. Energetic particles, mostly electrons and protons, can annihilate or...

The COVID-19 crisis has exposed some of the most pressing challenges affecting healthcare and highlighted the benefits that robust integration of digital and AI technologies in the healthcare setting may bring. Although medical solutions based on AI...

Proteins play a key role in living organisms. The study of proteins and their dynamics provides information about their functionality, catalysis and potential alterations towards pathological diseases. Several techniques are used for studying protein...

We investigated the influence of modifying the voltage of an X-ray tube with a tungsten anode between 30 kV and 225 kV, and therefore its photon energy spectrum (up to 225 keV), on the Total Ionizing Dose deposited in a single-mode, phosphorus-doped...

The space radiation environment outside the protection of the Earth’s magnetosphere is severe and difficult to shield against. The cumulative effective dose to astronauts on a typical Mars mission would likely introduce risk exceeding permissib...

Detection of X- and gamma-rays is essential to a wide range of applications from medical imaging to high energy physics, astronomy, and homeland security. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is the most widely used material for room-temperature detector app...

Background: Gliomas are primary cerebral tumors. Radiation therapy plays a key role in their treatment but with a risk of toxicity associated with the dose to and volume of normal tissue that is irradiated. With its precision properties allowing for...

Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment, leveraging ionizing radiation to eradicate malignant cells. Its efficacy, however, is frequently challenged by the heterogeneous sensitivity of tumors and surrounding tissues to radiation. There...

Medical workers are the largest group exposed to man-made sources of ionizing radiation. The annual doses received by medical workers have decreased over the last several decades, however for some applications, like fluoroscopically guided procedures...

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most frequent diseases worldwide; among these, lower limb ischemia is a threatening condition, which can lead to permanent disability if not promptly and correctly diagnosed and treated. A patient’s...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers where surgery and radiotherapy cannot be effective. PDT relies on the photoactivation of photosensitizers, most of the time by lasers to produced reactive oxygen species and n...

Biological dosimetry is an internationally recognized method for quantifying and estimating radiation dose following suspected or verified excessive exposure to ionising radiation. In severe radiation accidents where a large number of people are pote...

Nkamouna-Kongo is a cobalt–nickel deposit located in Lomié, Eastern Cameroon. Mining creates radiation exposure pathways that must be considered in risk management scenarios. RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA, developed by the US DOE, asses...

High-throughput omics platforms have pioneered our approach to understanding biological and cellular processes. Omics technologies provide powerful tools for studying various molecules, such as genes, proteins, and metabolites, in a particular state...

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 40 million human infections since December 2019, when a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases was first reported in Wuhan, China. Just a few days after the coron...

We investigated in this work the radioluminescence properties of a Ce-doped multimode silica-based optical fiber (core diameter of 50 µm) manufactured by the sol–gel technique when exposed to the high-energy X-rays (~600 keV) of the ORIAT...

Interest in combining metallic nanoparticles, such as iron (SPIONs), gold (AuNPs) and bismuth oxide (BiONPs), with radiotherapy has increased due to the promising therapeutic advantages. While the underlying physical mechanisms of NP-enhanced radioth...

The critical arguments for radiofrequency radiation exposure limits are currently based on the principle that radio frequencies (RF) and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are non-ionising, and their exposure limits are even 100-fold lower than those emit...

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is of great concern for the whole world, and finding an effective treatment for the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is, therefore, a global race. In particular, treatmen...

This is a study concerning the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to ascertain the impacts of particle ionizing radiation (IR) on cell survival and DNA damage. Current empirical models do not always take into account intrinsic complexities and s...

In mammalian cells, genomic DNA is packaged with histone proteins and condensed into chromatin. To gain access to the DNA, chromatin remodelling is required that is enhanced through histone post-translational modifications, which subsequently stimula...

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and Raman spectroscopy (RS), offer unique and detailed biochemical fingerprints by detecting specific molecular vibrations within samples. These techniques pro...

The CT manifestation of COVID-19 patients is now well known and essentially reflects pathological changes in the lungs. Actually, there is insufficient knowledge on the long-term outcomes of this new disease, and several chest CTs might be necessary...

Spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) has a long history of treating bulky and hypoxic tumors. Recent evidence suggests that, compared to conventional uniform dose radiation therapy, SFRT may utilize different mechanisms of tumor cell killi...

[⁶⁸Ga]Ga-RM2 is a promising innovative positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for patients with primary or metastatic prostate carcinoma. This study aims to analyze the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-RM2 in five prostate cance...

The UK, and other countries worldwide, have benefited from nuclear energy to provide a low-carbon power source to fuel their increasing populations and industrial growth. In support of the extensive end-of-life decommissioning activities ongoing glob...

The aim of the current work was to study natural radioactivity in soil and the correlation between ²²²Rn and ²²⁶Ra in the ground and to assess the onsite and indoor long-term excess cancer risk at the bauxite bearing area of Fongo-Tongo in Western Ca...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is typically found in middle-aged or elderly individuals, is more common in men than women, can occur at any mucosal site, and is associated with a poor prognosis. The primary risk factors for oral SCC include the u...

(1) Background: Water radiolysis leads to the formation of hydronium ions H₃O⁺ in less than 50 fs, resulting in the formation of transient acidic pH spikes in the irradiated water. The purpose of this study is to examine the time evolution of these s...

Space exploration introduces astronauts to challenges, such as space radiation and microgravity. Researchers have investigated vitamin C as a potential radiation mitigator, as well as antioxidants for sustaining astronaut health. Our own studies demo...

(1) Background: Some cancer patients do not experience tumour shrinkage but are still at risk of experiencing unwanted treatment side effects. Radiomics refers to mining biomedical images to quantify textural characterization. When radiomics features...

This work describes the creation and experimental validation of $DoseMRT$, a new software package, and its associated workflow for dose calculations in synchrotron-generated broad beam and microbeam radiation treatment fields. The $DoseMRT$ software pack...

Both observational and theoretical research in the area of atmospheric high-energy physics since about 1980 has revealed that thunderstorms produce X-rays and gamma-rays into the MeV region by a number of mechanisms. While the nature of these mechani...

In arid regions, the tritium concentration in groundwater is typically very low and often falls below the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of the conventional liquid scintillation counter (LSC). Therefore, to measure the tritium activity concentrati...

The purpose of the study was to calibrate and commission optically-stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) for in vivo measurements in contact-based ¹⁹²Ir treatments for superficial high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy in place of metal-oxide-semico...

The dicentric chromosome (DC) assay accurately quantifies exposure to radiation; however, manual and semi-automated assignment of DCs has limited its use for a potential large-scale radiation incident. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier an...

The effects of charge carrier trapping on image resolution in multilayer photoconductive imaging detectors was analyzed by developing an analytical model for calculating the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the imaging detectors. The MTF model w...

It is still very challenging to use conventional radiation therapy techniques to treat stomach tumors, although image-guided radiotherapy, mainly by kV X-ray imaging techniques, has become routine in the clinic. This is because the stomach is one of...

Ion radiotherapy requires accurate relative biological effectiveness (RBE) calculations to account for the markedly different biological effects of ions compared to photons. Microdosimetric RBE models rely on descriptions of the energy deposition at...

Background: Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer (PBC) suffers from proximity to any organ(s) at risk (OARs). Some strategies to manage this issue have previously been proposed, such as Simultaneous Integrated Protec...

Richter transformation (RT) is a condition wherein B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) transforms into a more aggressive lymphoma variant. The incidence and the significance of RT detected by 2-[¹⁸F]-FDG PET/CT is a clinical challenge and it is...

In clinical practice, dose delivery in proton therapy treatment is affected by uncertainties related to the range of the beam in the patient, which requires medical physicists to introduce safety margins on the penetration depth of the beam. Although...

The targeted irradiation of structures by X-rays has seen application in a variety of fields. Herein, the use of 5–10 nm LiF nanoparticles to locally enhance the degradation of an organic thin film, diindenoperylene, under hard X-ray irradiatio...

In order to test the theory of Brizhik et al. about the dynamic allocation of acupuncture meridians on human body and their role as hydric paths for solitons, we tested the effect of both acupuncture and exposure to extremely low frequencies (ELF) tu...

FLASH radiotherapy is a rapidly developing field which promises improved normal tissue protection compared to conventional irradiation and no compromise on tumour control. The transient hypoxic state induced by the depletion of oxygen at high dose ra...

Microdosimetry plays a critical role in particle therapy by quantifying energy deposition within microscopic domains to assess biological effects. This study evaluates the influence of different microdosimetric functions (MFs) and domain geometries (...

X-ray fluoroscopy causes relatively high radiation exposure to physicians, radiation professionals, and patients. Understanding the behavior of scattered radiation is crucial for reducing occupational exposure. We developed a system for estimating ra...

Accelerated neutron tests on silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs at different temperatures and drain bias voltages were performed at the ChipIr facility (Didcot, UK). A super-junction silicon MOSFET and planar SiC MOSFETs with differ...

For patients with recurrent brain metastases, there is an urgent need for a more effective and less toxic treatment approach. Accumulating evidence has shown that spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) is able to provide a significantly high...