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Background: Cerliponase alfa is an intracerebroventricular (ICV) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and the only approved treatment for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease. While generally well tolerated, infusion-associated reactions...

Background/Objectives: Brucella is a major global One Health threat, causing an estimated 2.1 million human infections and substantial livestock losses annually, with no vaccine currently available for humans, underscoring the urgent need for a safe...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with an essential role in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Produced by immune, stromal and epithelial cells in response to infection or tissue stress, IL-6 regulates immune responses, acute-phase...

Background/Objectives: The rates and predictors of clinical remission, a novel and practical therapeutic goal in severe asthma, have been inconsistently reported across studies. Data on clinical remission in Japanese patients remain limited. The aim...

The complement system is a key component of innate immunity, responsible for mediating the rapid clearance of pathogens and coordinating adaptive immune responses. Although complement activation is essential for effective infection control and preven...

Bone tissue engineering offers a promising alternative to autografts and allografts for treating critical bone defects. Hydrogels, three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks, have emerged as leading scaffold materials due to their ability to mimi...

The cellular prion protein (PrP^C) displays a functional repertoire that extends well beyond its classical link to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Abundant in the nervous system and localized within lipid raft microdomains, PrP^C has emerged...

Background/Objectives: Overactivation of the HGF/c-MET pathway is implicated in various cancers, making its inhibition a promising therapeutic strategy. While several MET-targeting agents are currently approved or in advanced clinical development, pa...

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Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). While antibiotic exposure has been considered the most prominent risk factor for CDI, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is...

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and trophic properties that support tissue repair and regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that their therapeutic effects are primarily mediated by p...

In the original publication [...]

Lyophilization (freeze-drying) has become a cornerstone pharmaceutical technology for stabilizing biopharmaceuticals, overcoming the inherent instability of biologics, vaccines, and complex drug formulations in aqueous environments. The appropriate l...

Background: Various thiolactones are known as biologically active compounds, capable of stimulating the development of several human diseases and quorum sensing of Gram–positive bacteria. The enzymatic hydrolysis of thiolactones represents a pr...

Background/Objectives: Omalizumab is a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody approved for the treatment of chronic urticaria. There are no established or validated prognostic markers currently available to identify likely responders. The aim of this study was...

Background/Objectives: Obesity increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby triggering oxidative stress. Coriander seeds contain polyphenolic compounds that act as natural antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress. Coriander seed ethanolic extract...

Background/Objectives: Sera from patients before and after organ transplantation were tested at two different temperatures, 21 °C and 37 °C. Currently, organs are transported under normothermic conditions (37 °C). This observational pilot...

Background: Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and rheumatoid arthritis. While generally well-tolerated, serious adverse events, including infus...

Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that promote health when consumed in adequate amounts, ensure the balance of bacterial composition in the digestive system, and suppress harmful pathogenic bacteria, with overall implicati...

Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds have demonstrated therapeutic potential across a variety of clinical and preclinical applications for tissue repair and regeneration. In parallel, these scaffolds and their components have shown the capacity to...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterised by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodelling. Conventional diagnostic modalities, including radiographic imaging and symptom-b...

Background: The peach allergen Pru p 7, a member of the Gibberellin-Regulated Protein (GRP) family, has emerged as a key marker of severe fruit-induced allergies. It is hypothesized to mediate cross-reactivity between fruit allergens and cypress poll...

Background/Objectives: The relative efficacy of 8 mg aflibercept compared to 2 mg in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) has not been fully established. This study aims to compare the visual and anatomical outcomes of afliber...

Background/Objectives: Fasting-induced elevation of blood ketone body levels suppresses allergic reactions; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated whether elevated ketone body levels affect allergic contact dermati...

Background: Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare inflammatory lung disease typically responsive to glucocorticoids, but is prone to relapse and, in some cases, progressive deterioration. A subset of patients develops fibrosing CEP, a distin...

Background and Objectives: The cytokine IL-6, methyltransferase NSD2, pro-protein convertase Furin, and growth factor receptor IGF-1R are essential factors in the proliferation of cancer cells. These proteins are involved in the tumor process by gene...

Background: Immunological strategies for antibody-guided vaccine design intend to enhance viral neutralization and protection and increase efficacy. Here, we discuss advances in antibody-guided vaccine design and current antibody-guided strategies, i...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association of diabetes mellitus and its medications with overall response (ORR) and mortality or cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer receiving enfortumab ve...

Background/Objectives: Natural products are important in healthcare due to their accessibility and linkage to a healthy lifestyle. However, their effectiveness is uncertain due to insufficient scientific data. Cancer patients are frequent users of na...

Background/Objectives: Keloid treatment remains challenging due to limited effectiveness and patient dissatisfaction. Herbal-based therapy offers promising alternatives that require further investigation. Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb., an original...

Background/Objectives: Research efforts and substantial funding have been dedicated to finding cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics have been proposed as promising substitutes for antibiotics in human nutrition and l...

Background: Recombinant monoclonal antibodies represent a vital category of biologics, constituting the largest class of molecules used to treat autoimmune disorders, cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic conditions. The IgG1 subclass is t...

Background: Dissolvable Microneedle Patches (DMP) have emerged as a promising approach for improved topical delivery of skincare agents with dermatological values (dermo-cosmetics), effectively addressing the various skin concerns. These patches enab...

C-terminal-binding proteins (CtBPs) dimerize and function predominantly as transcriptional corepressors by recruiting various chromatin-modifying factors to promoter-bound repressors. Hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and tooth enamel defects s...

Sherpabodies are a novel class of antibody-mimetic proteins and represent the third generation of SH3 domain-based targeting scaffolds. Sherpabodies have several advantageous biophysical properties, and molecular libraries based on this scaffold prov...

Background and Objectives: Canakinumab, a human recombinant monoclonal antibody against interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), is indicated for the treatment of selected autoinflammatory periodic fever syndromes and rheumatic diseases. Data on its use d...

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease affecting 2% of the global population, often causing localized scalp hair loss that can progress to alopecia totalis or universalis. While corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors are effective, the...

Vertebrate cell surfaces exhibit intricate arrangements of glycosaminoglycan polymers, which are primarily linked to lipids and proteins. Numerous soluble secreted proteins are also decorated with either individual sugar molecules or their polymers....

Background: Biologics is an exciting and growing area of medicine. Within the larger field of biologics, the use of viral vectors and virus-like particles (VLPs) is increasingly common, making it crucial to develop innovative and practical unit opera...

Background/Objectives: Oleuropein (OLP), the key bioactive in olive leaf extracts, has demonstrated various biological benefits. We previously reported on the pro-melanogenic action with increased dendricity of a patented olive leaf extract (Benolea^&...

The molecular regulation and therapeutic applications of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling in major depressive disorder (MDD) through interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF...

Background: Biosimilars are designed to closely resemble their reference biologics in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy, with only minor variations in clinically inactive components and manufacturing methods. Evaluating the safety of switching b...

Background/Objectives: Dupilumab was recently approved to treat eosinophilic phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review aimed to collect and appraise the efficacy and safety of dupilumab to treat patients with...

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and other pediatric kidney diseases represent significant challenges due to their complex pathogenesis, often involving dysregulated immune responses and renal injury. Biologic therapies, defined as targeted treatm...

Background: Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 pathway, is able to dampen T helper (Th)2-mediated inflammation in several conditions characterized by this particular type of phlogosis. The aim of this...

Background/Objectives: Perilla frutescens has historically been used to protect against inflammation and redox stress. This has been partly attributed to its high polyphenolic content; however, polyphenolic components in Perilla extract remain i...

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic inflammatory condition affecting the joints, spine, and entheses, as well as the skin and nails. It affects about 6–42% of patients with psoriasis (PsO), with a prevalence of 1–2 per 1000. PsA can p...

Glandirana is a genus of frogs that includes G. rugosa, G. emeljanovi, G. minima, G. tientaiensis, G. susurra, G. nakamurai and G. reliquia. These frogs produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are endogenous antibiotics that possess antibacteria...

Background: Introducing unnatural base pairs into a natural, double-stranded DNA construct is a powerful tool within synthetic biology. Accordingly, the ability to detect these unnatural base pairs has many applications, including the study and detec...

Ustekinumab is a fully human IgG1k monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity and specificity to the p40 subunit of interleukins (IL-) 12 and 23, inhibiting their activity by preventing binding to their receptors. The European extension of the...