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Sensors, Volume 25, Issue 8

April-2 2025 - 292 articles

Cover Story: This work presents a modular, open-source sensor system designed for the biomechanical evaluation and real-time control of lower-limb exoskeletons. This system integrates pressure-sensing insoles and load cell-instrumented crutches, both equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs), enabling the synchronized acquisition of gait dynamics from upper and lower limbs. A fuzzy logic-based algorithm is employed for robust gait phase estimation using relative pressure distributions, while real-time ground reaction force data inform adaptive control strategies. Validated against motion capture and force plate systems, the platform achieves high accuracy in center-of-pressure tracking, GRF estimation, and heel strike detection. Its wireless design, ease of integration, and reproducibility support deployment in real-world exoskeleton applications beyond laboratory settings. View this paper
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Articles (292)

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,585 Views
21 Pages

Detection and Pattern Recognition of Chemical Warfare Agents by MOS-Based MEMS Gas Sensor Array

  • Mengxue Xu,
  • Xiaochun Hu,
  • Hongpeng Zhang,
  • Ting Miao,
  • Lan Ma,
  • Jing Liang,
  • Yuefeng Zhu,
  • Haiyan Zhu,
  • Zhenxing Cheng and
  • Xuhui Sun

21 April 2025

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs), including hydrogen cyanide (AC), 2-[fluoro(methyl)phosphoryl]oxypropane (GB), 3-[fluoro(methyl)phosphoryl]oxy-2,2-dimethylbutane (GD), ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX), and di-2-chloroethyl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,016 Views
15 Pages

Online Nodal Demand Estimation in Branched Water Distribution Systems Using an Array of Extended Kalman Filters

  • Francisco-Ronay López-Estrada,
  • Leonardo Gómez-Coronel,
  • Lizeth Torres,
  • Guillermo Valencia-Palomo,
  • Ildeberto Santos-Ruiz and
  • Arlette Cano

21 April 2025

This paper proposes a model-based methodology to estimate multiple nodal demands by using only pressure and flow rate measurements, which should be recorded at the inlet of the distribution system. The algorithm is based on an array of multiple exten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,182 Views
14 Pages

21 April 2025

With the ease of acquiring RGB-D images from line-scan 3D cameras and the development of computer vision, anomaly detection is now widely applied to railway inspection. As 2D anomaly detection is susceptible to capturing condition, a combination of d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,208 Views
21 Pages

21 April 2025

Typical metal equipment in substations is exposed to high-temperature, high-humidity, and high-salt environments for a long time, and surface corrosion is a serious threat to operational safety. Traditional manual inspection is limited by the complex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,112 Views
15 Pages

A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing

  • Shuai Tong,
  • Shaoxiong Tang,
  • Yifan Lu,
  • Nuo Yuan,
  • Chi Zhang,
  • Huanhuan Liu,
  • Dao Zhang,
  • Ningmu Zou,
  • Xuping Zhang and
  • Yixin Zhang

21 April 2025

The phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been widely applied in various fields. However, due to fading noise, false alarms often occur; this limits its engineering applications. In this paper, a fading suppression method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
821 Views
15 Pages

21 April 2025

Achieving accurate positioning of maglev trains is one of the key technologies for the safe operation of maglev trains and train schedules. Aiming at magnetic levitation train positioning, there are problems such as being easily interfered with by ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,261 Views
16 Pages

21 April 2025

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.) is consumed worldwide. Improper storage temperatures cause flavor loss and shorten shelf lives, reducing marketability. Mandarins’ quality is difficult to assess visually, as they show no apparent changes during...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,144 Views
16 Pages

Integrating Complex Permittivity Measurements with Histological Analysis for Advanced Tissue Characterization

  • Sandra Lopez-Prades,
  • Mónica Torrecilla-Vall-llossera,
  • Mercedes Rus,
  • Miriam Cuatrecasas and
  • Joan M. O’Callaghan

21 April 2025

We developed a measurement setup and protocol reliably relating complex permittivity measurements with tissue characterization and specific histological features. We measured 148 fresh human tissue samples across 14 tissue types at 51 frequencies ran...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,835 Views
34 Pages

Research and Prospects of Digital Twin-Based Fault Diagnosis of Electric Machines

  • Jiaqi Hu,
  • Han Xiao,
  • Zhihao Ye,
  • Ningzhao Luo and
  • Minhao Zhou

21 April 2025

This paper focuses on the application of digital twins in the field of electric motor fault diagnosis. Firstly, it explains the origin, concept, key technology and application areas of digital twins, compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvant...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,918 Views
37 Pages

21 April 2025

Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) play a crucial role in modern logistics, yet effectively monitoring cargo stacking patterns remains challenging. While computer vision and deep learning offer promising solutions, existing methods strug...

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Sensors - ISSN 1424-8220