In many countries, work is being conducted to introduce Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems intended for continuous and automatic control of gross vehicle weight. Such systems are also called WIM systems for direct enforcement (e-WIM). The achievement of i...
This article presents a method for calibration of dynamic vehicle weighing systems (WIM—Weigh-In-Motion) involving the calibration of all WIM stations operating within a given road network segment as a single process. A key assumption of the me...
The need to protect road infrastructure and the environment, as well as to increase the safety of road users and to ensure fair conditions of competition in road transport, requires an increase in the efficiency of the elimination of overloaded vehic...
The noticeable growth of road transport means that the protection of road infrastructure is becoming a critical issue. The main factor leading to the excessive degradation of roads are overloaded vehicles. The effective elimination of such vehicles f...
In this paper, we present the results of a comparison of two estimators of the gross vehicle weight (GVW) and the static load of individual axles of vehicles. The estimators were used to process measurement data derived from Multi-Sensor Weigh-In-Mot...
With the development of the highway transportation and business trade, vehicle Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) technology has become a key technology for measuring traffic loads. In this paper a novel WIM system based on monitoring of pavement strain responses...
This paper presents a methodology for classifying train passages into different types with a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system to allow the calibration of railway fatigue load models and identify individual vehicles from the measurements for the continuou...
The weigh-in-motion (WIM) system is a necessary piece of equipment for an intelligent road. It can provide real-time vehicle weight and lateral distribution data on wheel load to effectively support pavement structure design and service life analysis...
Weigh-in-Motion system has been the primary selection of U.S. government agencies as the weighing enforcement for decades to protect the road pavement. In recent years, the number of trucks has increased by about 40% and in 2017, they travel 25% more...
This study presents a data-driven framework for the mechanistic interpretation of asphalt pavement responses using an integrated smart sensing and monitoring system deployed on a national highway in Thailand. A fully instrumented pavement test sectio...
Roads and bridges are designed to meet the transportation demands for traffic volume and loading. Knowledge of the actual traffic is needed for a rational management of highway infrastructure. There are various procedures and equipment for measuring...
In this paper, the concept of a distributed wireless system of weigh-in-motion is proposed. A wireless sensor for weigh-in-motion (WIM) based on piezoelectric materials is designed. The corresponding prototype for indoor testing is made according to...
In recent years, weigh-in-motion systems based on embedded sensor networks have received a lot of attention. However, how to improve the accuracy of multi-sensor weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems while keeping costs low remains a challenge. In this paper...
This study describes the development and testing of a railway bridge weigh-in-motion (RB-WIM) system. The traditional bridge WIM (B-WIM) system developed for road bridges was extended here to calculate the weights of railway carriages. The system was...
Dynamic vehicle weighing systems, also known as Weigh-In-Motion (WIM), are sensitive to factors which interfere with the measurement, including weather and climate conditions. This is a result of the sensitivity of the axle load sensors used in the s...
With the development of the Highway Transportation and Business Trade, vehicle weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology has become a key technology and trend of measuring traffic loads. In this paper, a novel capacitive flexible weighing sensor which is ligh...
Despite continued efforts by the Korean government to improve road safety, truck-related accidents remain disproportionately fatal, with a rate approximately 2.6 times higher than that of passenger vehicles. Although legal regulations prohibit overlo...
The need to protect road infrastructure makes it necessary to direct the mass enforcement control of motor vehicles. Such control, in order to fulfil its role, must be continuous and universal. The only tool currently known to achieve these goals are...
Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems provide information on the state of road traffic and are used in activities undertaken as part of traffic supervision and management, enforcement of applicable regulations, and in the design of road infrastructure. The f...
In railways, weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems are composed of a series of sensors designed to capture and record the dynamic vertical forces applied by the passing train over the rail. From these forces, with specific algorithms, it is possible to estim...
Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems are used to measure the weight of moving vehicles. Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of the WIM system, this paper proposes a WIM model based on the beetle swarm optimization (BSO) algorithm and the error back propag...
Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems aim to estimate a vehicle’s weight by measuring static wheel loads as it passes at highway speed over roadway-embedded sensors. Vehicle oscillations and the resulting dynamic load components are critical factors af...
Accurately estimating the weight of a moving vehicle at normal speed remains a challenging problem due to the complex vehicle dynamics and vehicle–pavement interaction. The weighing technique based on multiple sensors has proven to be an effect...
Recently, smart composites that serve as multi-functional materials have gained popularity for structural and infrastructural applications yielding condition assessment capabilities. An emerging application is the monitoring and prediction of the fat...
Finite element (FE) model updating of bridges is based on the measured modal parameters and less frequently on the measured structural response under a known load. Until recently, the FE model updating did not consider strain measurements from sensor...
This paper describes the procedures for development of signal analysis algorithms using artificial neural networks for Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems. Through the analysis procedure, the extraction of information concerning heavy traffic vehi...
The weigh-in-motion (WIM) system weighs the entire vehicle by identifying the dynamic forces of each axle of the vehicle on the road. The load of each axle is very important to detect the total weight of the vehicle. Different drivers have different...
Overloaded trucks contribute heavily to road damage and increased maintenance costs, and Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems are an effective tool for detecting them without disrupting traffic flow. However, overloaded truck drivers often adjust their rout...
More and more researches have been carried out recently on Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) technology for solving the traffic safety problems caused by overload. In this article, we aim to study the measurement accuracy of the WIM system. Based on the electrom...
Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) data have been collected by state departments of transportation (DOT) in the U.S. and are anticipated to grow as state DOTs expand the number of WIM sites in order to better manage transportation infrastructure and enhance mobil...
Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems are essential for efficient transportation and monitoring parameters such as vehicle number, speed, and weight to ensure regulatory compliance and enhance road safety. Recently, WIM measurements using the Glass Fiber Rei...
Interest for high speed weigh-in-motion of vehicles, or HS-WIM keeps growing worldwide. The main purpose of such systems is checking weights of vehicles in a self manner, in order to impose a penalty to overloaded ones. Overloaded vehicles may cause...
The paper presents the general characteristics of weighing systems for vehicles in motion. A number of problems and constraints that accompany these systems to ensure adequate accuracy in the operation of these systems are pointed out. The efficient...
High speed weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors are utilized as components of complex traffic monitoring and measurement systems. They should be able to determine the weights on wheels, axles and vehicle gross weights, and to help the classification of vehi...
Weighing-In-Motion (WIM) technology is one of the main tools for pavement management. It can accurately describe the traffic situation on the road and minimize overload problems. WIM sensors are the core elements of the WIM system. The excellent basi...
Uncertainties in traffic flows pose significant challenges for the accurate fatigue safety assessment of bridge structures. Fatigue analysis requires detailed information on heavy vehicle-induced loads, which can be obtained from weigh-in-motion (WIM...
Overloaded trucks directly contribute to road infrastructure deterioration and undermine safety, posing significant challenges to sustainability. This makes enforcement to reduce their numbers and impacts essential. Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems use...
A weigh-in-motion (WIM) system continuously and automatically detects an object’s weight during transmission. The WIM system is used widely in logistics and industry due to increasing labor and time costs. However, the accuracy and stability of...
Uneven road surfaces are the primary source of excitation in the dynamic interaction between a bridge and a vehicle and can lead to errors in bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) systems. In order to correctly reproduce this interaction in a numerical mode...
Currently in the United States, there are more than 623,000 bridges of which 6.8% are in poor condition. Over 100 million trips are taken across these structurally deficient bridges every day and the bridge-related system rehabilitation need is estim...
Piezoelectric ceramics have good electromechanical coupling characteristics and a high sensitivity to load. One typical engineering application of piezoelectric ceramic is its use as a signal source for Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems in road traffic m...
In developing a digital twin of a real structure, finite element model updating (FEMU) is essential for refining the model’s response based on measured data, enabling the detection of structural damage or hidden reserves over time. This case st...
In the context of pavement management systems (PMSs), overloaded trucks impose severe economic and environmental burdens by accelerating pavement deterioration and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Existing research on Weigh-in-Motion (WIM)...
In the application of a bridge weigh-in-motion (WIM) system, the collected data may be temporarily or permanently lost due to sensor failure or system transmission failure. The high data loss rate weakens the distribution characteristics of the colle...
This paper aims to extend a previously developed probabilistic model for simulating extreme response scenarios to include congested traffic flow on long-span bridges, addressing the challenge of accurately modeling traffic loads under changing condit...
The rapid evolution of smart transportation systems necessitates the integration of advanced sensing technologies capable of supporting the real-time, reliable, and cost-effective monitoring of road infrastructure. Fiber-optic sensor (FOS) technologi...
This paper presents results from an investigation on a special optical fiber as a load sensor for application in Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems to measure wheel loads of vehicles traveling at normal speed on highways. The fiber used has a unique desig...
Traffic loads are the primary external loads on bridges during their service life. However, an accurate analysis of the long-term effect of the operating traffic load is difficult because of the diversity of traffic flow in terms of vehicle type and...
To address the technical limitations of traditional pavement performance prediction models in capturing temporal features and analyzing multi-factor coupling, this study proposes a Bayesian Optimization Dual-Layer Feature Fusion Model (BO-DLFF). The...
Accurate braking-distance prediction for heavy-duty multi-axle trucks remains challenging due to the large gross vehicle weight, tandem-axle interactions, and strong transient load transfer during emergency braking. Recent studies on tire–road...