While liver transplantation was initially considered as a curative treatment modality only for hepatocellular carcinoma, the indication has been increasingly extended to other tumor entities over recent years, most recently to the treatment of non-re...
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase implicated in a wide variety of regulatory cellular functions. PP2A is abundant in the mammalian nervous system, and dysregulation of its cellular functions is associated with...
Background/Objectives: Young women frequently present with more aggressive breast cancer tumors. This retrospective study analyzed the oncological outcomes of patients under the age of 40 according to the tumor biology. Methods: Group comparisons wer...
Background/Objectives: Tumor biology—particularly HER2 expression, Ki-67 proliferation index, and triple-negative phenotype—has traditionally influenced the timing of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. However, real-world data from E...
Multi-cohort analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic cyclin E expression in primary breast tumors predicts aggressive disease. However, compared to their younger counterparts, older patients have favorable tumor biology and are less likely to die of b...
Background: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within one year postpartum, is a unique and clinically challenging entity. Evidence suggests that tumors diagnosed during pregnancy (PrBC) a...
Defensins have long been considered as merely antimicrobial peptides. Throughout the years, more immune-related functions have been discovered for both the α-defensin and β-defensin subfamily. This review provides insights into the role of...
Relapse and metastasis are the major challenges that stand in the way of cancer healing and survival, mainly attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Their capabilities of self-renewal and tumorigenic potential leads to treatment resistance developmen...
Background: Hepatoblastoma, the most common pediatric liver malignancy, is characterized by significant molecular heterogeneity and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Recent studies highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic d...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer among males globally, and its occurrence is growing worldwide. Clinical decisions about the combination of therapies are becoming highly relevant. However, this is a heterogeneous disease, ranging widely in pr...
The comprehensive analysis of biological and clinical aspects of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has attracted interest as a means of enabling non-invasive, real-time monitoring of cancer patients and enhancing our fundamental understanding of tumor m...
Precision and organization govern the cell cycle, ensuring normal proliferation. However, some cells may undergo abnormal cell divisions (neosis) or variations of mitotic cycles (endopolyploidy). Consequently, the formation of polyploid giant cancer...
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, has widely variable outcomes dependent on the specific biology of the tumor. In this review, current biologic principles that are used to stratify risk and guide treatment algorith...
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an active role in cell life through a tightly controlled reciprocal relationship maintained by several fibrous proteins, enzymes, receptors, and other components. It is also highly involved in cancer progression....
Exosomes are actively produced extracellular vesicles, released from different cell types, that exert important regulatory roles in vital cellular functions. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have received increasing attention because they enable interce...
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the modification of target proteins by adding methyl groups to the guanidi...
Vestibular schwannoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the cerebellopontine angle. It arises from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. The first symptoms of vestibular schwannoma include hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular symptoms. In the...
Cancer is one of the most important health problems and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the advances in oncology, cancer heterogeneity remains challenging to therapeutics. This is because the exosome-mediated crosstalk between ca...
The onset and progression of tumors involve intricate, multifactorial processes. A key component in tumor evolution is the dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs), a unique class...
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. The incidence of UFs has been estimated at 25–80% depending on selected population. The pathophysiology of UFs remains poorly understood. The transformation o...
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells released from the primary and metastatic tumor and intravasate into the blood or lymphatic vessels, where they are transported to distant sites and act as seeds that initiate cancer metastases or the developme...
Malignant tumors are a consequence of genetic changes mainly occurring during cell division, sometimes with a congenital component. Therefore, accelerated cell divisions will necessarily predispose individuals, whether due to conditions of chronic ce...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with both cellular and humoral immune deficiencies and, despite significant advances in treatment, remains an incurable disease. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) represent a critical subset of CD4 T-cells, characterized...
Bladder cancer is a common and highly heterogeneous malignancy with a relatively poor outcome. Patient-derived tumor organoid cultures have emerged as a preclinical model with improved biomimicity. However, the impact of the different methods being u...
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with metastasis significantly contributing to its lethality. The metastatic spread of tumor cells, primarily through the bloodstream, underscores the importance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)...
Metastases and cancer recurrence are the main causes of cancer death. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells are the drivers of cancer cell dissemination. The assessment of CTCs’ clinical role in early metastasis prediction...
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold unique biological characteristics that directly involve them in hematogenous dissemination. Studying CTCs systematically is technically challenging due to their extreme rarity and heterogeneity and the lack of spec...
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), accounting for up to 15% of diagnosed breast cancers, has garnered significant attention due to the loss of the epithelial cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. This loss contributes to its distinct biologica...
Serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) is a tumor recognized by the WHO as a histological subtype accounting for around 9% of colorectal carcinomas. Compared to conventional carcinomas, SACs are characterized by a worse prognosis, weak development of the immu...
The TAM family of receptors (i.e., Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk), and their ligands Growth arrest specific factor 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (Pros1) contribute to several oncogenic processes, such as cell survival, invasion, migration, chemo-resistance, and met...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by multiple relapse and, despite the introduction of novel therapies, the disease becomes ultimately drug-resistant. The tumor microenvironment (TME) within the bone marrow niche includes dendritic cells, T-cyto...
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare but aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma characterized by poor response to therapy. The primary treatment remains surgical resection with negative margins. Nonetheless, in the setting of neurofibrom...
The morphogenesis of the primordial gut relies on signaling pathways such as Wnt, FGF, Notch, Hedgehog, and Hippo. Reciprocal crosstalk between the endoderm and mesoderm is integrated into the signaling pathways, resulting in craniocaudal patterning....
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women contributing to cancer-related death in the advanced world. Apart from the menopausal status, the trigger for developing breast cancer may vary widely from race to lifestyle factors. Epidemi...
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes, producing signaling phosphoinositides at plasma and intracellular membranes, are key in intracellular signaling and vesicular trafficking pathways. PI3K is a family of eight enzymes divided into three cla...
Parotid gland pathology represents a web of differential diagnoses. There are many complex cases that require extensive diagnostic tests for a complete and correct final pathology diagnosis. Currently the official classification of parotid gland tumo...
Primary tumors of the airways in the pediatric population are very rare entities. For this reason, little is known about the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Understanding the biology has different practical implications: for example, it could help i...
Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease with variability in tumor cells and in the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the molecular diversity in breast cancer is critical for improving prediction of therapeutic response and progn...
Background: Despite screening mammography, the incidence of Stage IV breast cancer (BC) at diagnosis has not decreased over the past four decades. We previously found that many BCs are small due to favorable biology rather than early detection. This...
Molecular alterations drive cancer initiation and evolution during development and in response to therapy. Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly employed cancer treatment modalities, but radiobiologic approaches for personalizing therapy based on...
Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cancer-related death worldwide. Among its histological subtypes, intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) is the most common. A previous work showed that increased expression of the THY1 gene was associated with poor overal...
Recent technological advances have facilitated the detection of numerous non-canonical human peptides derived from regulatory regions of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and other cryptic transcripts. In this review, we first give an overview of the clas...
Arising from the anterior lobe of the hypophysis, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), previously known as pituitary adenomas, constitute an intricate and heterogeneous entity. Although they are defined as benign pathology, these tumors can oft...
Radiomics supposes an alternative non-invasive tumor characterization tool, which has experienced increased interest with the advent of more powerful computers and more sophisticated machine learning algorithms. Nonetheless, the incorporation of radi...
In vitro culture systems have advanced cancer biology, particularly through 2D and 3D tumor cultures. These have answered numerous scientific inquiries and propelled human oncologic research, with growing recognition of their potential to improve can...
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a malignancy of immense biological and clinical heterogeneity. Based on the transcriptomic or genomic approach, several different classification schemes have evolved over the years to subdivide DLBCL into clin...
As two pivotal regulatory factors in cancer biology, oxidative stress and inflammation interact dynamically through complex network mechanisms to influence tumor initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Oxidative stress induces genomic inst...
Pediatric Neuro-Oncology is a highly specialized field encompassing molecular biology, clinical acumen, evidence based medicine, cancer genetics and neuropsychological care for the diagnosis and treatment of children with central nervous system (CNS)...
Liver resection is the main treatment for primary and metastatic liver tumors in order to achieve long-term survival with good quality of life. The ultimate goal of surgical oncology is to achieve complete tumor removal with adequate clear surgical m...
The majority of cases of breast cancer occur in the older population who are often un-represented in clinical trials. Given the growing ageing population globally, it becomes urgent and important to identify an optimal approach so that older women wi...
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