Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely utilized as carriers for nucleic acid drug delivery; however, their inherent heterogeneity impedes the accurate characterization of physicochemical and biological properties. Conventional analytical methods...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes substantial economic losses in the livestock industry. The protective immunizing component of the FMD virus (FMDV) is a ribonucleoprotein particle with a sedimentation coefficient of 146S. Size-exclusion high-perfo...
Platelet lipid rafts are critical membrane domains for adhesion, aggregation, and clot retraction. Lipid rafts are isolated as a detergent-resistant membrane fraction via sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The platelet detergent-resistant membr...
The structural integrity of viral envelopes is a critical determinant of infectivity for enveloped viruses, directly influencing vector stability, functional accuracy of surface-displayed epitopes, and preservation of native conformational states req...
West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) possesses multiple enzymatic domains essential for viral RNA replication. During infection, NS5 predominantly localizes to unique replication organelles (ROs) at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER...
Following the concept of RNA dependence and exploiting its application in the R-DeeP screening approach, we have identified RNA-dependent proteins in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. RNA-dependent proteins are defined as proteins whose interactome dep...
As land plastic pollution has piled up in recent decades, small products of its degradation, microplastics (MPs), have emerged as a rapidly growing problem in soil environments. The first step in MP evaluation from soils is the extraction of MP parti...
When a replicative DNA polymerase stalls upon encountering a photoproduct on the template strand, it is relieved by other low-processivity polymerase(s), which insert nucleotide(s) opposite the lesion. Using an alkaline sucrose density gradient sedim...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) that is propagated in cell culture is purified from cellular contaminants that can confound experimental results. A number of different purification methods have been described, including methods that utilize fast pr...
A complex interplay between several biological macromolecules maintains cellular homeostasis. Generally, the demanding chemical reactions which sustain life are not performed by individual macromolecules, but rather by several proteins that together...
Ribosome profiling, or Ribo-Seq, is a powerful tool for studying translation. It maps the positions of translating ribosomes on mRNAs, providing insights into actively expressed genes. Unlike mass spectrometry, Ribo-Seq is not affected by the same bi...
Individual single–walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with distinct electronic types are crucial for the fabrication of SWNTs–based electronic and magnetic devices. Herein, the water–soluble polymethyl(1–butyric acidyl)silane (BA&...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contents (proteins, lipids, messenger RNA, microRNA, and DNA) are viewed as intercellular signals, cell-transforming agents, and shelters for viruses that allow both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. EVs...
Sustainable production and use of carbon nanotube (CNT)-enabled materials require efficient assessment of CNT environmental hazards, including the potential for CNT bioaccumulation and biomagnification in environmental receptors. Microbes, as abundan...
Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted interest due to their anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidative properties and their efficient uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells. Previously we showed that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L...
A simple method based on sucrose density gradient centrifugation is proposed here for the fractionation of colloidal silver nanotriangles. This method afforded particle fractions with surface plasmon resonances, spanning from red to infrared spectral...
The cellular vesicle is a fluid-filled structure separated from the surrounding environment by a biological membrane. Here, we isolated nanovesicles (NVs) from the juice of clementines using a discontinuous density gradient ultracentrifugation method...
A2E (N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine) is a major fluorophore in the RPE (retinal pigment epithelium). To identify and characterize A2E-rich RPE lipofuscin, we fractionated RPE granules from human donor eyes into five fractions (F1–F5 in as...
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are intracellular structures for compartmentalizing specific metabolic pathways in bacteria. As a unique type of BMCs, carboxysomes utilize protein shells to sequester ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase...
Hcm1 is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family involved in segregation, spindle pole dynamics, and budding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our group described the role of Hcm1 in mitochondrial biogenesis and stress resistance, and in the c...
Recent studies point to the existence of poorly characterized small regulatory RNAs generated from mRNAs, rRNAs and tRNAs. To explore the subcellular location of tRNA-derived small RNAs, 0–1 and 7–8 h Drosophila embryos were fractionated on sucrose d...
The large-scale production of plastic and the resulting release of waste is leading to a huge accumulation of micro-sized particles in the environment that could have an impact on not only aquatic organisms but also on humans. Despite the extensive l...
Since the early 1970s when “virus-like” agents were considered as the cause of two diseases (potato spindle tuber and citrus exocortis), their study and further characterization have been linked to the development and use of molecular bio...
We review some aspects of the rapid isolation of, screening for and characterization of jumbo phages, i.e., phages that have dsDNA genomes longer than 200 Kb. The first aspect is that, as plaque-supporting gels become more concentrated, jumbo phage p...
Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) reduction in the late stage of chlorophyll a (Chl) biosynthesis is catalyzed by two enzymes: light-dependent Pchlide oxidoreductase (LPOR) and dark-operative Pchlide oxidoreductase (DPOR). The differential operation of L...
Infected or damaged tissues release multiple “alert” molecules such as alarmins and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are recognized by innate immune receptors, and induce tissue inflammation, regeneration, and repair. Rec...
Conventional preparation methods of plant ribosomes fail to resolve non-translating chloroplast or cytoplasmic ribosome subunits from translating fractions. We established preparation of these ribosome complexes from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf, root,...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 viral infection can affect many cell types, including epithelial cells of the lungs and airways. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)...
Micro- and nano-sized vesicles (MVs and NVs, respectively) from edible plant resources are gaining increasing interest as green, sustainable, and biocompatible materials for the development of next-generation delivery vectors. The isolation of vesicl...
In recent years, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of various diseases has dramatically increased due to their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Typically, EVs are isolated in vitro from the cell culture of primary cells or...
Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell co...
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) is a quality control system that induces the degradation of ER terminally misfolded proteins. The ERAD system consists of complexes of multiple ER membrane-associated and luminal protei...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is controlled by vaccine policy in many countries. For vaccine potency, the content of intact virus particles (146S antigens) is critical, and the sucrose density gradient (SDG) fractionat...
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming an essential tool to characterize the genomes of avian reovirus (ARV), a viral disease of economic significance to poultry producers. The current strategies and procedures used to obtain the complete genome s...
Picornavirus capsids are assembled from 60 copies of a capsid precursor via a pentameric assembly intermediate or ‘pentamer’. Upon completion of virion assembly, a maturation event induces a final cleavage of the capsid precursor to create the capsid...
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of an acute encephalitis syndrome in many Asian countries, despite the fact that an effective vaccine has been developed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled multi-subunit protein st...
Small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are known to regulate gene expression during early development. However, the dynamics of interaction between small RNAs and polysomes during this process is largely unknown. To investigate this phenomenon, 0–1 h and 7–8...
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone Grp94/gp96 appears to be involved in cytoprotection without being required for cell survival. This study compared the effects of Grp94 protein levels on Ca2+ homeostasis, antioxidant cytoprotection and protein...
Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) is a green microalga primarily found in freshwater, reservoirs, and ponds. Photosynthetic pigments from algae have shown many bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. Herein, we report the purification, charac...
10-Gingerol is a major phenolic lipid found in the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Being amphiphilic in nature, phenolic lipids have the ability to incorporate into cell membranes and modulate membrane properties. The purpose of the present...
In addition to inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption and allowing for glucose excretion, the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin may be efficacious in treating various comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus...
Adipocytes store a significant amount of cholesterol and triglycerides. However, whether cholesterol modulates adipocyte function remains largely unknown. We modulated the cholesterol level in adipocytes to examine its effect on the secretion of adip...
Senecavirus A (SVA) is the pathogen that has recently caused porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD). The clinical symptoms of PIVD are similar to those of acute foot-and-mouth disease and also can result in the death of newborn piglets, thus ent...
Brevibacillus laterosporus (Bl) is a Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium belonging to the Brevibacillus brevis phylogenetic cluster. Globally, insect pathogenic strains of the bacterium have been isolated, characterised, and some activities hav...
Synthesis of chromosomal DNA is initiated from multiple origins of replication in higher eukaryotes; however, little is known about these origins’ structures. We isolated the origin-derived nascent DNAs from a human repair-deficient cell line by bloc...
Recently, the long-term use of sedative agents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has raised concerns about neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed neonates. Midazolam (MDZ), a common neonatal sedative in the NICU, has been suggested to increa...
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is associated with high extracellular levels of glutamate. Studies support the idea that cannabidiol (CBD) decreases glutamate over-release. This study focused on investigating whether CBD reduces the evoked glutamate re...
The Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus (Bl) belongs to the Brevibacillus brevis phylogenetic cluster. Isolates of the species have demonstrated pesticidal potency against a wide range of invertebrate pests and plant...