Mediterranean Dehesa woodlands require monitoring of tree structural change, but conventional stem-diameter inventories are labor-intensive. Mobile simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) LiDAR can acquire three-dimensional tree structure, altho...
Recently, a new method on tree stem isolation using volumetric image data from terrestrial laser scans (TLS) has been introduced by the same authors. The method transfers TLS data into a voxel grid data structure and isolates the tree stems from the...
Airborne laser scanning is now widely used for forest inventories. An essential part of inventory is a collection of field reference data including measurements of tree stem diameter at breast height (DBH). Traditionally this is acquired through manu...
Diameter at breast height has been estimated from mobile laser scanning using a new set of methods. A 2D laser scanner was mounted facing forward, tilted nine degrees downwards, on a car. The trajectory was recorded using inertial navigation and visu...
We propose a novel photogrammetric method for field plot inventory, designed for simplicity and time efficiency on-site. A prototype multi-camera rig was used to acquire images from field plot centers in multiple directions. The acquisition time on-s...
Mobile laser scanning (MLS) could make forest inventories more efficient, by using algorithms that automatically derive tree stem center positions and stem diameters. In this work we present a novel method for calibration of the position for laser re...
Terrestrial laser scanners provide accurate and detailed point clouds of forest plots, which can be used as an alternative to destructive measurements during forest inventories. Various specialized algorithms have been developed to provide automatic...
This study aimed to determine the optimal approach for estimating stem diameter distributions (SDD) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data using point cloud metrics (Mals), a canopy height model (CHM) texture metrics (Mtex), and a combination thereo...
The stem diameter distribution, stem form and quality information must be measured as accurately as possible to optimize cutting. For a detailed measurement of the stands, we developed and demonstrated the use of a multisource single-tree inventory...
The degree of mechanical reinforcement provided by plants depends upon its roots distribution in the soil and mechanical properties of the roots. The mechanical properties and distribution of root traits (root diameter and number) in the soil of the...
Robotic High-Throughput Phenotyping (HTP) technology has been a powerful tool for selecting high-quality crop varieties among large quantities of traits. Due to the advantages of multi-view observation and high accuracy, ground HTP robots have been w...
Static laser scanning is an advanced approach to timber volume estimation whose accuracy now matches or exceeds that of traditional forestry methods for volume estimation, enabling its practical application in woodworking management. This study evalu...
Technological developments have allowed helicopter airborne laser scanning (HALS) to produce high-density point clouds below the forest canopy. We present a tree stem classification method that combines linear shape detection and model-based clusteri...
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different stand densities and thinning regimes on stem quality parameters, mainly branch characteristics, of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. The study provides s...
Stem volume is a critical factor in managing and evaluating forest resources. At present, stem volume is commonly estimated indirectly by constructing a taper model that utilizes sampling, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height. However, th...
Estimation of tree volume typically focuses on excurrent forms, with less attention given to decurrent forms. Species with a decurrent form, particularly hardwoods, lack a dominant stem and have large diameter branches that can be included in the mer...
We evaluated two unmanned aerial systems (UASs), namely the DJI Phantom 4 Pro and DJI Mavic Pro, for 3D forest structure mapping of the forest stand interior with the use of close-range photogrammetry techniques. Assisted flights were performed withi...
The objective of the study was to estimate the diameter at different stem heights and the tree volume of the Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst., Nothofagus alpine (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. trees using artificial ne...
Stem profile modeling is crucial in the forestry sector, particularly for commercially valuable species like teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.), whose value depends on its stem dimensions, heartwood proportion, and age. We proposed a nonlinear mixed-effe...
Considering the uncertainty of upper-stem diameter measurements and the fact that there are few studies on the accuracy of diameters using the Mantax Black caliper with Gator Eyes (Haglöf, Långsele, Sweden), the aim of this research is to...
Allometric models to estimate biomass components such as stem mass Ms, foliage mass Ml, root mass Mr and aboveground mass Ma, were developed for the palm species Euterpe precatoria Mart., which is the most abundant tree species in the Amazon. We harv...
A tree list is a list of trees in the area of interest containing, for example, the species, diameter, height, and stem volume of each tree. Tree lists can be used to derive various characteristics of the growing stock, and are therefore versatile an...
We present a stereo image-based algorithm for tree stem diameter measurement and form analysis. The algorithm uses planar parametric curves to represent two-dimensional projections of tree stems in stereo images. The curves evolve according to an ene...
Timber volume is an important ecological component in forested landscapes. The application of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to volume estimation has been widely accepted though few species have well-calibrated taper functions. This research uses T...
This paper presents a fully automatic method addressing tree mapping and parameter extraction (tree position, stem diameter at breast height, stem curve, and tree height) from terrestrial laser scans in forest inventories. The algorithm is designed t...
Local stem-volume estimates require both suitable measurements and evidence of predictive accuracy. We developed a local equation and field table for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in naturally established, monospecific groups in Drymos Forest, Gre...
Terrestrial laser scanning is a promising technique for automatic measurements of tree stems. The objectives of the study were (1) to develop and validate a new method for the detection, classification and measurements of tree stems and canopies usin...
Accurate stem-volume estimation is fundamental for urban tree inventory and management, but equations developed for forest-grown trees may not be directly suitable for open-grown urban trees with altered stem form and height–diameter relationsh...
Measuring biometric tree characteristics to estimate the volume of wood in a forest area is a time consuming task. It is usually performed by a team of two or more people, who measure the diameter and height of several trees in sampling plots. The re...
Form factor is a key parameter for describing tree taper and provides a simple yet effective method for estimating wood volume. However, applying a single form factor across all tree sizes and ages may lead to substantial errors in volume estimation....
The use of mobile laser scanning for mapping forests has scarcely been studied in difficult forest conditions. In this paper, we compare the accuracy of retrieving tree attributes, particularly diameter at breast height (DBH), stem curve, stem volume...
Variation in tree stem form depends on species, age, site conditions, etc. Stem taper models that estimate stem diameter at any height and volume should comply with this complexity. In the paper, we propose new methods taking into account both unbias...
Mobile laser scanning (MLS) enables rapid, high-resolution measurement of forest structure, yet its reliability for estimating stem volume and aboveground biomass (AGB) in dense plantations and its sensitivity to tree height uncertainty remain insuff...
The main objective of this study was to explore the accuracy of Weise’s rule of thumb applied to an estimation of the quadratic mean diameter of a forest stand. Virtual stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across a range of structure types w...
In this article we introduce a new method for forest management inventories especially suitable for highly-valued timber where the precise estimation of stem parameters (diameter, form, and tapper) plays the key role for market purposes. The unmanned...
The international market has recognized the high value of Tectona grandis L.f. plantations, requiring the development of reliable and accurate tools and techniques to quantify forest stocks accurately. In this study, we developed suitable equations t...
Accurate estimation of stem profiles is critical for forest management, timber yield prediction, and ecological modeling. However, traditional taper equations often fail to capture species-specific growth variability and exhibit significant biases, p...
Correctly estimating stem diameter at any height is an essential task in determining the profitability of a commercial forest plantation, since the integration of the cross-sectional area along the stem of the trees allows estimating the timber volum...
The target region and diameter of maize stems are important phenotyping parameters for evaluating crop vitality and estimating crop biomass. To address the issue that the target region and diameter of maize stems obtained after transplantation may no...
We apply a spatially-implicit, allometry-based modelling approach to predict stem diameter distributions (SDDs) from low density airborne LiDAR data in a heterogeneous, temperate forest in Ontario, Canada. Using a recently published algorithm that re...
Data of canopy morphology are crucial for cultivation tasks within orchards. In this study, a 2D light detection and range (LiDAR) laser scanner system was mounted on a tractor, tested on a box with known dimensions (1.81 m × 0.6 m × 0.6...
Accurately estimating the volume of woody vegetation is critical for assessing fuel characteristics and associated wildfire risks in shrublands. However, few studies have investigated the branch volume of multi-stemmed shrubs, a dominant life form in...
Three-dimensional light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent a relatively new type of remotely sensed data. Point cloud density of thousands of points per square meter with survey-grade ac...
The accurate prediction of the volume of standing trees is a prerequisite for planning and decision making in sustainable forest management. In Nepal, limited information on form factor (i.e. the ratio of the volume of a tree to the product of its ba...
In this work, we compared six emerging mobile laser scanning (MLS) technologies for field reference data collection at the individual tree level in boreal forest conditions. The systems under study were an in-house developed AKHKA-R3 backpack laser s...
Species-specific and mixed-species volume and above ground biomass allometric equations were developed for 15 indigenous tree species and four tree fern species in New Zealand. A mixed-species tree equation based on breast height diameter (DBH) and t...
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) plays a significant role in forest resource investigation, forest parameter inversion and tree 3D model reconstruction. TLS can accurately, quickly and nondestructively obtain 3D structural information of standing tre...
The estimation of tree biomass and the products that can be obtained from a tree stem have focused forest research for more than two centuries. Traditionally, measurements of the entire tree bole were expensive or inaccurate, even when sophisticated...
Afforestation is conducive to improving ecosystem service functions and ecosystem diversity in the Mu Us Sandy Land, however, the important attribute of biomass for Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) plantations has yet to be accu...
An equation was constructed to estimate the stem volume of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in 145 stands growing on former farmland in Sweden (Latitude 56–63° N). The mean total age was 40 ± 13 (range 17–91) years, the mean diameter at breast...
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