Combination radioimmunotherapy is an emerging approach for the treatment of solid tumors where radio immunotherapy alone has proven to be reasonably ineffective. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) labeled with radionuclides i...
Metastatic disease and the complications of treating metastatic disease are the primary causes of mortality in children with solid malignancies. Nearly 25% of children with solid tumors have metastatic disease at initial diagnosis and another 20% dev...
Despite advances in the treatment of many pediatric solid tumors, children with aggressive and high-risk disease continue to have a dismal prognosis. For those presenting with metastatic or recurrent disease, multiple rounds of intensified chemothera...
In the past years cancer treatments have drastically changed, mainly due to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors capable of immune modulation in vivo, thus providing major clinical benefit in a number of malignancies. Simultaneously, consi...
Immunotherapy of cancer with CD3-bispecific antibodies is an approved therapeutic option for some hematological malignancies and is under clinical investigation for solid cancers. However, the treatment of solid tumors faces more pronounced hurdles,...
The limited efficacy of traditional cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, emphasize the significance of employing innovative methods. CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell therapy remains the most revolutionizing trea...
Cancer is an important cause of death in childhood. In recent years, scientists have made an important effort to achieve greater precision and more personalized treatments against cancer. But since only a few pediatric patients have identifiable ther...
The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has already shown some remarkable results, having changed the treatment strategy in clinical practice for solid tumors. Despite these promising long-term responses, patients seem to lack the ability to respond to...
Three GTPases, RAC, RHO, and Cdc42, play essential roles in coordinating many cellular functions during embryonic development, both in healthy cells and in disease conditions like cancers. We have presented patterns of distribution of the frequency o...
Solid tumors, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, often form bone metastases in the course of the disease. Patients with bone metastases frequently develop complications, such as pathological fractures or hypercalcemia and exhibit a reduced li...
Coagulation disorders are increasingly recognized as significant complications in patients with solid tumors, affecting morbidity and mortality outcomes. Solid tumors can provoke a hypercoagulable state through the release of pro-coagulant factors, e...
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy has emerged as a prominent adoptive cell therapy and a therapeutic approach of great interest in the fight against cancer. This approach has shown notorious efficacy in refractory hematological ne...
Solid tumors pose significant therapeutic challenges due to their resistance to conventional treatments and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Cell-based immunotherapies offer a promising approach, enabling precise, personalized treatment...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are an exciting advancement in cancer immunotherapy, with striking success in hematological cancers. However, in solid tumors, the unique immunosuppressive elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribut...
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells shed from the primary tumor into circulation, with clusters of CTCs responsible for cancer metastases. CTC detection and isolation from the bloodstream are based on properties distinguishing CTCs from no...
The EVI1 gene encodes for a transcription factor with two zinc finger domains and is transcriptionally activated in a subset of myeloid leukemias. In leukemia, the transcriptional activation of EVI1 usually results from chromosomal rearrangements. Be...
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main suppressive cell population of the immune system. They play a pivotal role in the establishment of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the context of cancers or other pathological conditio...
Early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) is a crucial transcription factor that governs the development and differentiation of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, it is essential in developing multiple organs and tissues. The functional dysregulation of EBF1 expression...
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated impressive efficacy in the treatment of blood cancers; however, its effectiveness against solid tumors has been significantly limited. The differences arise from a range of difficultie...
Most childhood cancers occur as isolated cases and show very different biological behavior when compared with cancers in adults. There are some solid tumors that occur almost exclusively in children among which stand out the embryonal solid tumors. T...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors have so far yielded limited results, in terms of therapeutic effects, as compared to the dramatic results observed for hematological malignancies. Many factors involve both the tumor cells and t...
Most cancer therapeutics (chemo, radiation, antibody-based, anti-angiogenic)are at best partially and/or temporarily effective. In general, the causes for failure can besummarized as: (i) poor diffusion and/or nonuniform distribution of drug/prodrugm...
Childhood cancer is the leading cause of death by disease among U.S. children between infancy and age 15. Despite successes in treating solid tumors such as Wilms tumor, disappointments in the outcomes of high-risk solid tumors like neuroblastoma hav...
Immunotherapy has been the fifth pillar of cancer treatment in the past decade. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newly designed adoptive immunotherapy that is able to target and further eliminate cancer cells by engaging with MHC-i...
Epigenetic dysregulation has long been recognized as a significant contributor to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance, impacting all recognized cancer hallmarks. Although some epigenetic drugs have received regulatory approval for certain hematologic...
Acting as molecular switches, all three members of the Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-ase-family, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC), Rho, and Cdc42 contribute to various processes of oncogenic transformations in several solid tumors. We ha...
Background: Malignant solid tumors diagnosed during the first year of life represent a rare but clinically significant subgroup of pediatric cancers. Their biological behavior, treatment responses, and prognosis differ substantially from tumors diagn...
Even if the overall survival of children with cancer is significantly improved over these decades, the cure rate of high-risk pediatric solid tumors such as neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors or rhabdomiosarcoma remain challenging. Autologo...
Solid tumors remain a major challenge for targeted therapeutic intervention strategies such as antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy. At a minimum, clear and actionable solid tumor targets have to comply with the key biological requirement of be...
Alterations in the Checkpoint kinase (CHEK1) gene, its regulation, and the possible clinical outcomes in human solid tumors have not been previously examined. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the expression of CHEK1 in solid t...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a kind of solid tumor and the third most common cancer type in the world. It is a heterogeneous disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic aberrations. The TP53 mutation is the key step driving the transition from aden...
Solid tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, being characterized by rapid tumor growth and local and distant metastases. The failures encountered in cancer treatment are mainly related to the complicated biology of the tumor mi...
Natural killer (NK) cell is a powerful malignant cells killer, providing rapid immune responses via direct cytotoxicity without the need of antigen processing and presentation. It plays an essential role in preventing early tumor, metastasis and mini...
Image-guided solid tumor ablation methods have significantly advanced in their capability to target primary and metastatic tumors. These techniques involve noninvasive or percutaneous insertion of applicators to induce thermal, electrochemical, or me...
The cell environment plays a pivotal role in determining cellular outcome, as well as cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination. Within this environment, in addition to the structural components, such as the extracellular matrix, there are va...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has proven to be a powerful treatment for hematological malignancies. The situation is very different in the case of solid tumors, for which no CAR-T-based therapy has yet been approved. There are many f...
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical antigen-presenting cells that orchestrate the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, making them attractive approaches for cancer immunotherapy. Recent advances in the characterization of DC subsets, antige...
Oncogenic kinases contribute to immunosuppression and modulate the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. Increasing evidence supports the fundamental role of oncogenic kinase signaling networks in coordinating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironme...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated promising clinical benefits against B-cell malignancies. Yet, its application for solid tumors is still facing challenges. Unlike haematological cancers, solid tumors often la...
Despite advances in treatment options, the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors have hardly improved in decades, and alternative treatment options are urgently needed. Innovative therapies, such as chimeric antigen recep...
This study numerically analyzes the fluid flow and solute transport in a solid tumor to comprehensively examine the consequence of normalization induced by anti-angiogenic therapy on drug delivery. The current study leads to a more accurate model in...
Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical for the growth and proliferation of many different cancers and therefore represent a potential vulnerability that can be therapeutically exploited with small molecule inhibitors. Over forty small molecule inhibi...
Traditional 2D cell culture models present significant limitations in replicating the intricate architecture and microenvironment of in vivo solid tumors, which are essential for accurately studying cancer initiation, growth, progression, and metasta...
Therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their application in solid tumors remains a formidable challenge due to obstacles such as the immunosuppressive tumor microe...
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is considered crucial in the activation and survival of both physiological and malignant B-cells. In recent years, ibrutinib, an oral BTK inhibitor, became a breakthrough therapy for hematological malignancies, su...
CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T) cells have emerged as a milestone in the treatment of patients with refractory B-cell neoplasms. However, despite having unprecedented efficacy against hematological malignancies, the treatment is far from flawless...
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies are revolutionizing the clinical practice of hematological tumors, whereas minimal progresses have been achieved in the solid tumor arena. Multiple reasons have been ascribed to this slower pace: The higher...
Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies, yet its application in solid tumors remains constrained by unique biological and logistical barriers. Objective: This review criti...
Genomic structural variants comprise a significant fraction of somatic mutations driving cancer onset and progression. However, such variants are not readily revealed by standard next-generation sequencing. Optical genome mapping (OGM) surpasses shor...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy is one of the most promising modern approaches for the treatment of cancer. To date only two CAR T-cell products, Kymriah® and Yescarta®, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FD...
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