Adapting open-source large language models (LLMs) to specialized domains remains a critical challenge due to domain knowledge gaps, data scarcity, and reference hallucination. Existing approaches often neglect the structural characteristics of domain...
Multiple genes within the DISC1 (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1) interactome have been implicated in psychotic disorders, which are characterized by hallucinations, delusions, negative symptoms, and disorganized behavior. However, the genetic associati...
Large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in many domains. But they sometimes generate irrelevant or nonsensical text, or produce outputs that deviate from the provided input, an occurrence commonly referred to as hallucination....
This study evaluates digital object identifier (DOI) hallucination in large language model (LLM)-generated scholarly citations, with a focus on systematic geographic disparities. To conduct this study, we systematically evaluated four LLMs (GPT-4o-mi...
Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting approximately 65–90% of subjects. PD patients may also report odor perception in the absence of any external source, often referred to as olfact...
Sentiment analysis (SA) has become an essential tool for analyzing social media content in order to monitor public opinion and support digital analytics. Although transformer-based SA models exhibit remarkable performance, they lack mechanisms to mit...
Large language models (LLMs) are widely integrated into autonomous driving systems to enhance their operational intelligence and responsiveness and improve self-driving vehicles’ overall performance. Despite these advances, LLMs still struggle...
Large language models (LLMs) now match or exceed human performance on many open-ended language tasks, yet they continue to produce fluent but incorrect statements, which is a failure mode widely referred to as hallucination. In low-stakes settings th...
Gabriella Trebits was a prisoner of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp between November 1944 and April 1945. The spaces present in her diary include both the places of the camp and her typhoid hallucinations. Gabriella described venues through thei...
Background: Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance information processing and clinical reasoning in the healthcare industry but are hindered by inaccuracies and hallucinations. The retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) technique ma...
Visual large language models (VLLMs) are discussed as potential tools for assisting radiologists in image interpretation, yet their clinical value remains unclear. This study provides a systematic and comprehensive comparison of general-purpose and b...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is emerging as a leading cause of chronic liver disease. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted significant attention in healthcare, particularly in diagnostics, pa...
The advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has resulted in its use permeating many areas of life. Amidst this eruption of scientific output, a wide range of research regarding the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) in ophthalmology...
Background: Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have evolved rapidly, with notable improvements in coherence, factual accuracy, and contextual relevance. However, their academic and clinical applicability remains under scrutiny. This study e...
Psychosis refers to a mental health condition characterized by a loss of touch with reality, comprising delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, and negative symptoms. A first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a rar...
Dementia with Lewy bodies was first recognized as a separate entity about 30 years ago. The prevalence varies from 0% to 5% in the general population, and this disease accounts for 0% to 30.5% of all dementia cases. Dementia with Lewy bodies is consi...
General large language models (LLMs) often suffer from semantic misinterpretation, information redundancy, and hallucinated content when applied to educational question-answering tasks. These issues hinder their effectiveness in supporting students&r...
Restoration of digital visual media acquired from repositories of historical photographic and cinematographic material is of key importance for the preservation, study and transmission of the legacy of past cultures to the coming generations. In this...
1 February 2026
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss, yet publicly available Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) datasets lack demographic diversity, particularly from South Asian populations. Existing datasets largely re...
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent condition globally, leading to significant pain and disability, particularly in individuals over the age of 40. While exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms and improve physical function and quality of lif...
Studies in animals and humans suggested that the tonic dopamine inhibition of prolactin release may be estimated by submaximal prolactin stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), the mini-TRH test. Because patients with schizophrenia may be...
With the development of large language model (LLM) technology, AI-assisted education systems are gradually being widely used. Learning Path Recommendation (LPR) is an important task in personalized instructional scenarios. AI-assisted LPR is gaining...
Achieving effective pain management is one of the major challenges associated with modern day medicine. Opioids, such as morphine, have been the reference treatment for moderate to severe acute pain not excluding chronic pain modalities. Opioids act...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, is a highly infectious and transmissible viral pathogen that continues to impact human health globally. Nearly ~600 million people have been in...
Background: Essential tremor (ET) is one of the more common movement disorders. Current diagnosis is solely based on clinical findings. ET appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Several loci on specific chromosomes have been studie...
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that disrupts the regulation of a person’s sleep–wake cycle, leading to significant challenges in daily functioning. It is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden muscle weakness (catap...
The fusion of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things (AI-IoT, also widely referred to as AIoT) offers transformative potential for smart cities, yet presents a critical challenge: how to process heterogeneous data streams from intelligent...
Gaining the ability to audit the behavior of deep learning (DL) denoising models is of crucial importance to prevent potential hallucinations and adversarial clinical consequences. We present a preliminary version of AntiHalluciNet, which is designed...
Background/Objectives: Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins produced mainly by fungi of the genus Claviceps, infecting a wide variety of plants, especially cereals. These toxins usually manifest as black, hardened sclerotia (ergots), though they may also b...