Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, overtaking colon, breast, and prostate cancer-related deaths. Due to the limited diagnostic possibilities, it is often diagnosed after it has reached an advanced stage. The delay...
Background: Inflammatory blood markers, such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been reported as putative prognostic factors for survival and predictive factors for pathological complete response and...
Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), the prognosis of these patients has currently plateaued. During the past few years, the opportunity to consider multiple treatment modalities (incl...
The present review focuses on the function of the forkhead protein FOXA1 in breast cancer (BC) in relation to steroid hormone receptors. We explored the currently available analytic approaches for FOXA1 assessment both at gene and protein levels, com...
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and subsumes a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors arising from the intra- or extrahepatic biliary tract epithelium. A rising mortality from CCA has been reported worldwide d...
The DNA methylation of CYP24A1 can regulate its gene expression and may play a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the association between CYP24A1 DNA methylation and the prognosis of CRC patients has not yet b...
Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare peritoneal condition where mucus-secreting tumorous cells progressively produce a thick, gelatin-like substance. The prognosis of patients with PMP is determined by the degree of cellularity within t...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden, necessitating a thorough understanding of prognostic and predictive factors to enhance patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate prognostic and predic...
Background/Objectives: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid malignancies in young adult men, with cure rates exceeding 95% under modern cisplatin-based therapy, yet a clinically relevant subset of patients still experie...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge due to molecular heterogeneity and frequent delayed diagnosis. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent immunohistochemistry (IHC) advancements for HCC diagnosis, prognostication, a...
Gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based treatments can be selected for pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) predicts adjuvant gemcitabine treatment benefit over 5-FU. Cytidine deaminase (CDA), inside or outside of the...
Inflammatory blood markers (IBM), such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), have emerged as potential prognostic factors in various cancers, including breast cancer (BC), potentially allowing an easy, minimally invasive evaluation of a given...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and disabling chronic disease, with knee OA being the most common form, affecting approximately 73% of individuals over 55 years. Traditional clinical assessments often fail to predict knee structural progression ac...
Biomarkers are a critical medical need for oncologists to predict and detect disease and to determine the best course of action for cancer patient care [...]
Background: In the treatment of advanced urothelial (aUC) and renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), biomarkers such as PD-1 and PD-L1 are not robust prognostic markers for immunotherapy (IO) response. Previously, a significant association between IO and a cha...
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) measurement has emerged as a critical biomarker in breast cancer management, being considered as having strong prognostic and predictive values, particularly in triple-negative cases where the clinical interest o...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Surgery remains the most important treatment for non-metastatic CRC, and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy depends mainly on the disease stage, which is still the strong...
Similar to other malignancies, TCGA network efforts identified the detailed genomic picture of skin melanoma, laying down the basis of molecular classification. On the other hand, genome-wide association studies discovered the genetic background of t...
This review includes state-of-the-art prognostic and predictive factors of mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC), a rare tumor. Clinical, pathological, and molecular features and treatment options according to prognosis are comprehensively discussed. Differe...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, representing the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. HCC genetic characterization at the tumor level has been recently completed, highlighting how a number of gen...
Lung cancer, as one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies, requires immediate and effective therapeutic solutions. Therefore, additional innovative methods are continually sought to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. Various markers are used...
Introduction: The prognosis for patients admitted to emergency departments (ED) after drowning or diving accidents is often uncertain. In this study, we evaluated a range of clinical and laboratory parameters as potential indicators of survival. Many...
Background and Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a significant global health challenge. While traditional prognostic factors are well established, emerging biomarkers continue to gain attention. Materials and Methods: This retrospec...
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in pediatric patients. Mainstay of therapy remains surgical resection followed by craniospinal radiation and chemotherapy, although limitations to this therapy are applied...
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogenous group of neoplasms in children and young adults, in which serum tumor markers have been demonstrated to be highly sensitive diagnostic and monitoring tools. The known "old" serum biomarkers, alpha-fetoprotei...
Conventional high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary cancer of bone and it typically affects the extremities of adolescents. OS has a complex karyotype, and molecular mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, progression and resistance to...
In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising alternative to the bone marrow (BM) examination, since it is a minimally invasive technique allowing serial monitoring. Circulating multiple myeloma cells (CMMCs) enumerated using CELLSEARCH&r...
Background: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the first-line vascular access pathway for patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In planning vascular access, it is necessary to check the diameters of the venous and arterial components...
Introduction: In patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), several non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers and the spot sign (SS) in computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) have been established for the prediction of hemato...
Colorectal cancer is a major health burden, and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. The steady improvements in surgery and chemotherapy have improved survival, but the ability to identify high- and low-risk patients...
Background: Accurate prognostic assessment in lung cancer is challenging, especially in settings with limited access to molecular testing. Routine hematological markers may complement TNM staging in identifying high-risk patients. Methods: We retrosp...
Patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) have highly diverse clinical outcomes. Although histological features and molecular markers have been used to predict prognosis, the identification of new biomarkers for the accurate prediction of patient outc...
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are thought to play important roles in tumor shrinkage and survival prolongation in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). TILs are mononuclear immune cells such as lymphocytes and...
Background/Objectives: The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) is a composite index of nutritional and inflammatory status that has demonstrated prognostic value across various critical illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of...
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a non-kinase cell surface glycoprotein. It is overexpressed in several cell types, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cells overexpressing CD44 exhibit several CSC traits, such as self-renewal, epithelial&ndas...
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has drastically altered the landscape of cancer treatment. Since approval of the first ICI for the treatment of advanced melanoma in 2011, several therapeutic agents have been Food and Drug Admin...
The two medical sciences that mostly deal with the diagnostic approach to human neoplasms in clinical practice are undoubtedly radiology and pathology [...]
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Most patients with PDAC present with an advanced disease stage and treatment-resistant tumors. The l...
Advances in molecular technologies, from genomics and transcriptomics to epigenetics, are providing unprecedented insight into the molecular landscape of pediatric tumors. Multi-omics approaches provide an opportunity to identify a wide spectrum of m...
The progress that has been made in recent years in relation to liquid biopsies in general and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in particular can be seen as groundbreaking for the future of breast cancer treatment, monitoring and early detection. Cell-fr...
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may act as novel cancer biomarkers. However, a genome-wide evaluation of circRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and validate circRNA...
Understanding the causes of tumorigenesis and progression in triple-receptor negative breast cancer (TNBC) can help the design of novel and personalized therapies and prognostic assessments. Abnormal RNA modification is a recently discovered process...
Since diagnosis at an early stage still remains a key issue for modern oncology and is crucial for successful cancer therapy, development of sensitive, specific, and non-invasive tumor markers, especially, in serum, is urgently needed. Midkine (MK),...
Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been expanding in the last years, from the consolidation of several anti-angiogenic agents to the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The rationale for the use of immunomod...
11 October 2022
Many studies have identified predictors of outcomes for inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in intensive care units. However, most retrospective studies applied regression methods to evaluate the risk of death or worsening...
Uterine cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Each year, over half a million new cases are estimated, resulting in more than 300,000 deaths. While less-invasive, fertility-preserving surgical pro...
Background/Objectives: The most important prognostic factors in curatively treated prostate cancer are T and N stage, histology, grade group and initial PSA. A recent study found that men with blood calcium levels at the high end of the normal range...
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for curative treatment, yet current screening strategies for high-risk liver cirrhosis (LC) patients lack sufficient sensitivity. This study evaluates plasma cell-free DNA(cfDNA) concentrat...
Since chronic inflammation is associated with ovarian cancer growth and progression, some clinical studies have assessed the association between the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of ovarian cancer. The purpose o...
(1) Background: locally resected high-grade sarcomas relapse in 40% of cases. There is no prognostic or predictive genomic marker for response to peri-operative chemotherapy. (2) Methods: MOSCATO and ProfiLER are pan-tumor prospective precision medic...
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