104 Results Found

Under NaHCO3 stress, exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) markedly alleviated Na+ accumulation in cucumber plants, thereby decreasing the Na+/K+, Na+/Mg2+, and Na+/Ca2+ ratios. This mitigation was accompanied by elevated concentrations of K+, Ca2+, and...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones, which regulate various processes during plant life cycle. Intensive studies conducted with genetic, physiological and molecular approaches allowed identification of various components participating...

Light quality is essential in in vitro cultures for morphogenesis process. Light emitting diodes system (LED) allows adjustment as desired and the most appropriate light spectrum. The study analyzed the influence of different LED light quality on the...

This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver ions might induce specific changes and thereby affect plant development and final yield. The experiment was performed on spring wheat, cultured hydroponically wit...

Chromium (Cr) is an important environmental constraint effecting crop productivity. Spermine (SPM) is a polyamine compound regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, SPM-mediated tolerance mechanisms against Cr stress are less commonly...

Arundo donax has been recognized as a promising crop for biomass production on marginal lands due to its superior productivity and stress tolerance. However, salt stress negatively impacts A. donax growth and photosynthesis. In this study, we tested...

Wheat growth, development and yield are severely affected by a wide range of abiotic stresses, and salt stress is a vital and increasing abiotic stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone involved in plant physiological processes. Hence,...

Black knot (BK) is a deadly disease of European (Prunus domestica) and Japanese (Prunus salicina) plums caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Apiosporina morbosa. Generally, phytopathogens hamper the balance of primary defense phytohormones, such as sa...

Salinity affects crop growth and productivity, and this stress can be increased along with drought or high temperature stresses and poor irrigation management. Cultivation of salt-tolerant crops plays a critical role in enhancing crop yield under sal...

Seed dormancy, an important adaptive trait that governs germination timing, is endogenously controlled by phytohormones and genetic factors. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is the vital genetic regulator of dormancy, significantly affecting the express...

With the burgeoning population of the world, the successful germination of seeds to achieve maximum crop production is very important. Seed germination is a precise balance of phytohormones, light, and temperature that induces endosperm decay. Abscis...

Potatoes are typically seeded as tubers, and their slow sprouting significantly impacts production. Therefore, the effects of polyacrylamide (20 g·L−1, 30 g·L−1, and 40 g·L−1) as a seed potato dressing on sprout...

Field crops are expected to be increasingly threatened by climate change, which will negatively impact plant development, growth and yield. Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating specific signalling pathways to induce rapid adaptive response...

Many plant secondary metabolites are active and important in the regulation of plant growth. Certain plant-derived diterpenes are known to promote plant growth, but the pathways by which this promotion occurs are still unknown. Activity screening rev...

Plants continually monitor their innate developmental status and external environment and make adjustments to balance growth, differentiation and stress responses using a complex and highly interconnected regulatory network composed of various signal...

Grapevine rootstocks may supply water to the scion according to the transpiration demand, thus modulating plant responses to water deficit, but the scion variety can alter these responses, as well. The rootstock genotypes’ effect on the scion p...

Heavy metal (HM) stress poses a global risk to crops, ecological systems, and human health. It disrupts cellular ionic equilibrium, cell membrane integrity, metabolic balance, and the activities of enzymes and proteins, severely impacting physiologic...

Salinity is a serious issue for crops, as it causes remarkable yield losses. The accumulation of Na+ affects plant physiology and produces nutrient imbalances. Plants trigger signaling cascades in response to stresses in which phytohormones and Ca2+...

Plants, being sessile, have developed complex signaling and response mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stressors. Recent investigations have revealed the significant contribution of phytohormones in enabling plants to endure unfavorable cond...

The establishment of an efficient protocol for in vitro growth and regeneration of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) allowed us to closely examine the phytohormone profiles of kohlrabi seedlings at four growth stages (T1–T4), additio...

Plant adaptation to various stresses depends on transmitting the external stress signals into internal signals. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in connecting the external and internal signals in Brassicaceae plants, particularly under abiot...

There is an increasing trend in forest production towards planting rapid-growing trees as attractive, environmentally friendly energy sources. This study aimed to establish an alternative to the traditional propagation of a number of selections of Ro...

Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing...

Plant cells contain specialized structures, such as a cell wall and a large vacuole, which play a major role in cell growth. Roots follow an organized pattern of development, making them the organs of choice for studying the spatio-temporal regulatio...

Antioxidants and phytohormones are hallmarks of abiotic stress responses in plants. Although it is known that they can offer cell protection or accelerate programmed cell death (PCD) depending on the level of stress, the involvement of these metaboli...

The reaction of plants to simultaneous stress action and treatment with biological stimulants still remains poorly studied. Laboratory and field experiments have been conducted to study the growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of th...

Under dry-hot valley climates, Conyza blinii (also known as Jin Long Dan Cao), suffers from nocturnal low-temperature stress (LTS) during winter. Here, to investigate the biological significance of terpenoid metabolism during LTS adaptation, the grow...

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) forms a multisubunit complex in operating chloroplasts, where PEP subunits and a sigma factor are tightly associated with 12 additional nuclear-encoded proteins. Mutants with disrupted genes encoding PEP-associate...

Zephyranthes tubispatha is an Amaryllidaceae species with high ornamental potential, whose seed dispersal coincides with periods of high temperatures (HTs) and long photoperiods. While supraoptimal temperatures (>28 °C) have been shown to indu...

Salt stress seriously restricts crop yield and quality, leading to an urgent need to understand its effects on plants and the mechanism of plant responses. Although phytohormones are crucial for plant responses to salt stress, the role of phytohormon...

Sedum alfredii is a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator, but the regulatory mechanisms linking phytohormones and redox balance to Cd transporter expression remain unclear. In this study, we omitted external cadmium (Cd) stress to isolate and examine the in...

Electromagnetic field (EMF) and its effect on crop plant growth and their quality parameters is increasingly gaining the interest of researchers in agronomic science. However, the exact mechanism of EMF action in plant cells is still unclear. Among t...

A biostimulant is any microorganism or substance used to enhance the efficiency of nutrition, tolerance to abiotic stress and/or quality traits of crops, depending on its contents from nutrients. Plant biostimulants like honey bee (HB) and silymarin...

Maturation imposes several changes in plants, which are particularly drastic in the case of trees. In recalcitrant woody species, such as chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), one of the major maturation-related shifts is the loss of the ability to form...

Horticultural crops play a vital role in global food production, nutrition, and the economy. Horticultural crops are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses hinder plant growth and development by affecting seed germination, impa...

ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) selectively recruits microRNAs (miRNAs) and some small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to regulate gene expressions and also promotes the transcription of certain genes through direct chrom...

As an endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica has attracted great attention for its plant growth- and stress resistance-promoting effects on various host plants. However, up until now, there have been no reports on its application in asparagus. In t...

Soil salinization inhibits plant growth and seriously restricts food security and agricultural development. Excessive salt can cause ionic stress, osmotic stress, and ultimately oxidative stress in plants. Plants exclude excess salt from their cells...

The diversification of land plants largely relies on their ability to cope with constant environmental fluctuations, which negatively impact their reproductive fitness and trigger adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this limiting la...

The spatial location and timing of plant developmental events are largely regulated by the well balanced effects of auxin and cytokinin phytohormone interplay. Together with transport, localized metabolism regulates the concentration gradients of the...

The escalating threats posed by plant pathogens and the environmental repercussions of conventional agrochemicals necessitate sustainable agricultural solutions. This review focuses on plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) such as bacteria, f...

Compost residue enriches soil health with the potential to enhance plant metabolism and hormonal balance, but has not yet been studied. A study was performed to determine how prevailing compost residue induces tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Scot...

The Panel on Climate Change has predicted an intensification of drought and heat waves. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological response of mandarin trees in a semi-arid area to the effects of a long period of irrigation with saline...

Epigenetic regulation involves a myriad of mechanisms that regulate the expression of loci without altering the DNA sequence. These different mechanisms primarily result in modifications of the chromatin topology or DNA chemical structure that can be...

The grain-filling stage is crucial for determining yield and quality in rice. This process, and the pronounced disparity in development between superior and inferior grains, is orchestrated by a dynamic network of endogenous phytohormones. However, a...

Parthenocarpy, the development of fruit without fertilization, is a significant trait in fingered citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle). This study aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy through comparativ...

Drought is a serious challenge that causes significant crop loss worldwide. The developmental processes of plants are regulated by phytohormones and signaling molecules that crosstalk together in signaling cascades. We suppose that nitric oxide (NO)...

Like phytohormones, peptide hormones participate in many cellular processes, participate in intercellular communications, and are involved in signal transmission. The system of intercellular communications based on peptide–receptor interactions...

Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of different environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and elevated temperatures. These stress cues are assumed to intensify in the future driven by the global climate change scenario which we are...

A protocol for the cultivation of Larix sibirica Ledeb. by somatic embryogenesis was developed (RF Patent No. 2456344, 2012). The L. sibirica collection consisted of 22 actively proliferating cell lines (CLs) obtained from immature zygotic embryos. T...