A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability to observe ocean surface winds with a high spatial resolution, even under extreme conditions. The purpose of this work was to develop a new method for wind speed retrieval with the combination of SA...
We investigated the use of C-band RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for retrieval of ocean surface wind speeds by using four new channels (right circular transmit, vertical receive (RV); right circular transmit, hori...
This work discusses the accuracy of C-2PO (C-band cross-polarized ocean backscatter) and CMOD4 (C-band model) geophysical model functions (GMF) for sea surface wind speed retrieval from satellite-born Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images over in the...
Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) can estimate the geophysical parameters by receiving Earth’s surface reflected signals. The CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission with eight microsatell...
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become a valuable resource as a remote sensing technique. In the past decade, the use of reflected GNSS signals for sensing the Earth, also known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has grown rapidly. On...
In this paper, a method for joint sea surface rainfall intensity (RI), wind speed, and wave height retrieval based on spaceborne global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) data is proposed, which especially considers the effects betwee...
The ocean surface current influences the roughness of the sea surface, subsequently affecting the scatterometer’s measurement of wind speed. In this study, the effect of surface currents on ASCAT-retrieved winds is investigated based on in-situ...
Satellite microwave scatterometers are the principal source of global synoptic-scale ocean vector wind (OVW) measurements for a number of scientific and operational oceanic wind applications. However, for extreme wind events such as tropical cyclone...
The first Chinese operational Ku-band scatterometer on board Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), launched in August 2011, is designed for monitoring the global ocean surface wind. This study estimates the quality of the near-real-time (NRT) retrieval wind speed and...
A total of 168 fully polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images are selected together with the buoy measurements of ocean surface wind fields and high-frequency radar measurements of ocean surface currents. Our objective is to investigate the...
Ocean surface wind and current are essential ocean dynamic environment and climate variables, and simultaneous observations at high resolution have attracted considerable interest. The study on surface wind and current will improve our knowledge of e...
A U-Net algorithm was used to retrieve surface pressure and wind speed over the ocean within tropical cyclones (TCs) and their neighboring areas using NOAA-20 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) reprocessed Sensor Data Record (SDR) brightnes...
The measurement of ocean surface wind speeds in precipitation from satellite microwave radiometers is a challenging task. Rain attenuates the signal that is emitted from the ocean surface. Moreover, the rain and wind signals are very similar, which m...
Ocean surface wind fields are crucial for marine environmental research and applications in weather forecasting, ocean disaster monitoring, and climate change studies. However, traditional wind retrieval methods often struggle with modeling complexit...
Based on the Ocean Projection and Extension neural Network (OPEN) method, a novel approach is proposed to retrieve sea surface wind speed for C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In order to prove the methodology with a robust dataset, five-year no...
Differences in synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-retrieved hurricane wind speeds from co-polarization and cross-polarization measurements are found to be correlated with rain rate. A quality index is proposed for the SAR-retrieved wind speed product to...
With the operational deployment of the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR), hurricane reconnaissance and research aircraft provide near real-time observations of the 10
Sea surface wind has been listed as an essential climate variable, playing crucial roles in regulating the global and regional weather and climate. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has demonstrated the advantages in observing the wind field...
Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a new remote sensing technology that uses GNSS signals reflected from the Earth’s surface to estimate geophysical parameters. Because of its unique advantages such as high...
This study presents an approach for friction velocity and aerodynamic drag coefficient retrieval utilizing C-band VH SAR observations from Sentinel-1. The dataset contained 14 SAR images collected under six hurricane scenes co-analyzed with stepped f...
The Geophysical Model Function (GMF) XMOD1 provides a linear algorithm for sea surface wind field retrievals for the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR). However, the relationship between the normalized radar cros...
In this study, wind speed sensitivity and calibration bias were first determined for Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn) Normalized Radar Backscatter Cross Section (NRCS) data at VV and HH polariza...
The spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an effective tool to observe tropical cyclone (TC) wind fields at very high spatial resolutions. TC wind speeds can be retrieved from cross-polarization signals without wind direction inputs. This pape...
The realistic and accurate estimation of hurricane intensity is highly desired in many scientific and operational applications. With the advance of passive microwave polarimetry, an alternative opportunity for retrieving wind speed in hurricanes has...
Under low to medium wind speeds and no rainfall, the retrieved vector wind from a scatterometer is accurate and reliable. However, under high wind conditions, the currently used geophysical model function (GMF), such as NSCAT-2, for wind vector retri...
The backscattering coefficients measured by Ku-band scatterometers are strongly affected by rainfall, resulting in a systematic error in sea surface wind field retrieval. In rainy conditions, the radar signals are subject to absorption by the raindro...
A method has been developed for the retrieval of the atmospheric boundary layer parameters in tropical cyclones, namely the dynamic speed, the wind speed at a 10 m height, and the roughness parameter. For the analysis, the wind speed profiles were ob...
Marine litter accumulation in aquatic ecosystems presents a dire problem for marine life and the human ecosystem. The presence of algae on the ocean surface can alter its response to wind-driven roughening. This alteration is the basis for a new meth...
HY–4A is China’s first ocean salinity remote-sensing satellite, launched into orbit in November 2024 and currently in operational service. The LASMR (L-Band Aperture Synthesis Microwave Radiometer) is the L-band synthetic aperture radiome...
High-resolution wind vector is important to investigate local winds’ variability over the global ocean. Quad-polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can provide wind vector independently without any external wind direction inputs. Although quad-p...
This study investigates the effects of multi-angle along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI-SAR) observations on the accuracy of sea surface current retrieval. Utilizing a high-fidelity, full-link SAR ocean simulator, this study syst...
The spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) cross-polarization signal remains sensitive to sea surface wind speed with high signal-to-noise ratio under tropical cyclone (TC) conditions. It has the capability of observing TC intensity and size infor...
Gaofen-3 (GF-3) is the first Chinese civil C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) launched on 10 August 2016 by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), which operates in 12 imaging modes with a fine spatial resolution up to 1 m. As one of the pr...
Sea surface wind retrieval methods using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are generally classified into two categories: the direct inversion method and the variational analysis method (VAM). Traditional VAM retrieves wind fields by integrating backgrou...
The Doppler shift of microwave radar sea surface echoes serves as the foundation for sea surface current field retrieval; it includes the shift caused by satellite platform motion, ocean waves, and sea surface currents. The Doppler shift caused by oc...
L-band active microwave remote sensing is one of the most important technical methods of ocean environmental monitoring and dynamic parameter retrieval. Recently, a unique negative upwind-crosswind (NUC) asymmetry of L-band ocean backscatter over a l...
Measurements of grazing angle GNSS-R ocean reflections combined with meteorological troposphere data are used for retrieval of ocean wave heights and surface roughness parameters. The observational results are compared to multiphase screen simulation...
Global Navigation Satellite System – Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a relatively new field in remote sensing that uses reflected GPS signals from the Earth’s surface to study the state of the surface geophysical parameters under observation. T...
The Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique exploits the characteristics of reflected GNSS signals to estimate the geophysical parameters of the earth’s surface. This paper focuses on investigating the wind speed retrieval...
High-precision WTC is essential for satellite altimetry and ocean dynamic environment monitoring. Existing WTC approaches often rely on globally unified statistical frameworks, which inadequately represent wind-speed-dependent nonlinear sea-surface m...
Sea surface wind speed is a crucial parameter for studying climate change and ocean dynamics. Accurate, real-time measurements are essential for meteorological and oceanographic observations. Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R)...
With the improvement in microwave radar technology, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is widely used to observe the tropical cyclone (TC) wind field. Based on European Space Agency Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide swath (IW) mode imagery, this...
We present a new approach, based on a multi-parameter back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model, to simultaneously retrieve sea surface wind speed, sea surface temperature, near-surface air temperature, and dewpoint temperature over the global oce...
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission was launched in December 2016. CYGNSS provides ocean surface wind speed retrieval along specular reflection tracks at an interval res...
This paper deals with the validation of rain rate and wind speed measurements from the High-Altitude Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP), which occurred in September 2013 when the NASA Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle passed over an ocean rai...
The Aquarius end-of-mission (Version 5) salinity data set was released in December 2017. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the main steps of the Level 2 salinity retrieval algorithm. In particular, we will discuss the corrections for win...
Sea surface wind affects the fluxes of energy, mass and momentum between the atmosphere and ocean, and therefore regional and global weather and climate. With various satellite microwave sensors, sea surface wind can be measured with large spatial co...
While many studies have been conducted regarding wind-driven Ka-band scattering on the ocean and sea surfaces, few have identified the impacts of Ka-band scattering on small inland water bodies, and fewer have identified the influence of wind on cohe...
Interactions between ocean surface currents, winds and waves at the atmosphere-ocean interface are key controls of lateral and vertical exchanges of water, heat, carbon, gases and nutrients in the global Earth System. The SeaSTAR satellite mission co...
We develop, utilize, and validate techniques to produce a global data set of accurate coastal ocean surface vector winds. The dataset extends as near to the coast as 5 km and includes 10 years of SeaWinds on QuikSCAT ocean scatterometer data obtained...
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