Effects of Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity on the Sea Surface Current Measurements by Ka-Band Real-Aperture Radar with Small Incidence Angle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sea Surface Motion Modeling
2.2. Sea Surface Scattering Model
2.3. Doppler Frequency
2.4. Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
3. Simulation Experiments
4. Results
4.1. Coherence Analysis of Pulse Pairs
4.1.1. Effect of Radar Incidence and Azimuth Angles on Pulse Pair Coherence
4.1.2. Effect of Wind Speed on Pulse Pair Coherence
4.2. Effect of Radar Parameters on Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
4.2.1. Effect of Radar Azimuth Angle on Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
4.2.2. Effect of Radar Incidence Angle on Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
4.3. Effect of Sea State on Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
4.3.1. Contribution of Wind Speed to Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
4.3.2. Contribution of Wind and Wave Development to Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
4.3.3. Combined Contribution of Wind and Swell to Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Radar Parameters | Sea-State Parameters | ||
---|---|---|---|
Radar frequency | 35 GHz | Wind speed | 3~19 m/s |
Polarization | VV/HH | Wind direction | 0~360° |
PRF | 32,000 Hz | Wind fetch | 5~2000 km |
Number of pulses | 1024 | Swell frequency | 0.051~0.140 Hz |
Azimuth angle | 0~360° | Swell wave height | 0.3~4.5 m |
Incidence angle | 1~15° | Swell direction | 0~360° |
Platform altitude | 690 km | Current velocity | 0.5, 1, 2 m/s |
Bandwidth | 200 MHz | Current direction | 0~360° |
No. | Frequency (Hz) | Wavelength (m) | Effective Wave Height (m) | Swell Scale |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.140 | ~80 | 0.3 | A1 |
2 | 0.5 | A2 | ||
3 | 0.8 | A3 | ||
4 | 0.102 | ~150 | 0.5 | B1 |
5 | 1 | B2 | ||
6 | 1.5 | B3 | ||
7 | 0.072 | ~300 | 1.5 | C1 |
8 | 2 | C2 | ||
9 | 2.5 | C3 | ||
10 | 0.059 | ~450 | 2.5 | D1 |
11 | 3 | D2 | ||
12 | 3.5 | D3 | ||
13 | 0.051 | ~600 | 3.5 | E1 |
14 | 4 | E2 | ||
15 | 4.5 | E3 |
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Ma, X.; Meng, J.; Fan, C.; Chen, P. Effects of Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity on the Sea Surface Current Measurements by Ka-Band Real-Aperture Radar with Small Incidence Angle. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041127
Ma X, Meng J, Fan C, Chen P. Effects of Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity on the Sea Surface Current Measurements by Ka-Band Real-Aperture Radar with Small Incidence Angle. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(4):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041127
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Xiangchao, Junmin Meng, Chenqing Fan, and Ping Chen. 2023. "Effects of Wave-Induced Doppler Velocity on the Sea Surface Current Measurements by Ka-Band Real-Aperture Radar with Small Incidence Angle" Remote Sensing 15, no. 4: 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041127