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52 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,701 Views
12 Pages

Laser Pyrolysis of Imprinted Furan Pattern for the Precise Fabrication of Microsupercapacitor Electrodes

  • Jina Jang,
  • Jeong Woo Yeom,
  • Won Kyu Kang,
  • Muhammad Refatul Haq,
  • Xun Lu,
  • Dongjun Shin,
  • Seok-Min Kim and
  • Jung Bin In

30 July 2020

The design or dimension of micro-supercapacitor electrodes is an important factor that determines their performance. In this study, a microsupercapacitor was precisely fabricated on a silicon substrate by irradiating an imprinted furan micropattern w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,559 Views
15 Pages

Novel Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Microsupercapacitor Fabricated via Mask—Free AxiDraw Direct Writing

  • Vusani M. Maphiri,
  • Gift Rutavi,
  • Ndeye F. Sylla,
  • Saheed A. Adewinbi,
  • Oladepo Fasakin and
  • Ncholu Manyala

25 July 2021

We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate all solid state, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) microsupercapacitors (µ-SCs) prepared using the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) and a mask-free axiDraw sketching apparatus. T...

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
8,389 Views
21 Pages

Graphene-Based Inks for Printing of Planar Micro-Supercapacitors: A Review

  • Tuan Sang Tran,
  • Naba Kumar Dutta and
  • Namita Roy Choudhury

25 March 2019

Micro-supercapacitors have recently emerged as promising microscale power sources for portable and wearable microelectronics. However, most reported planar micro-supercapacitors suffer from low energy density and the complexity of fabrication, which...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,295 Views
14 Pages

24 October 2024

Cobalt oxide-based in-plane microsupercapacitors (IPMSCs) stand out as a favorable choice for various applications in energy sources for the Internet of Things (IoT) and other microelectronic devices due to their abundant natural resources and high t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,267 Views
11 Pages

A Redox-Mediator-Integrated Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor with Improved Energy Storage Capability and Suppressed Self-Discharge Rate

  • Sung Min Wi,
  • Jihong Kim,
  • Suok Lee,
  • Yu-Rim Choi,
  • Sung Hoon Kim,
  • Jong Bae Park,
  • Younghyun Cho,
  • Wook Ahn,
  • A-Rang Jang and
  • John Hong
  • + 1 author

11 November 2021

To effectively improve the energy density and reduce the self-discharging rate of micro-supercapacitors, an advanced strategy is required. In this study, we developed a hydroquinone (HQ)-based polymer-gel electrolyte (HQ-gel) for micro-supercapacitor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,135 Views
14 Pages

12 August 2018

Given the rapid miniaturization of technology, it is of interest to produce viable on-chip micro-electrochemical energy storage systems. In this study, interdigitated asymmetric microsupercapacitors were fabricated using photolithography, lift-off an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,708 Views
17 Pages

Carbon-Based Electrode Materials for Microsupercapacitors in Self-Powering Sensor Networks: Present and Future Development

  • A. D. Smith,
  • Qi Li,
  • Agin Vyas,
  • Mohammad Mazharul Haque,
  • Kejian Wang,
  • Andres Velasco,
  • Xiaoyan Zhang,
  • Shameel Thurakkal,
  • Arne Quellmalz and
  • Frank Niklaus
  • + 3 authors

29 September 2019

There is an urgent need to fulfill future energy demands for micro and nanoelectronics. This work outlines a number of important design features for carbon-based microsupercapacitors, which enhance both their performance and integration potential and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
7,814 Views
12 Pages

5 January 2022

The rapidly developing demand for lightweight portable electronics has accelerated advanced research on self-powered microsystems (SPMs) for peak power energy storage (ESs). In recent years, there has been, in this regard, a huge research interest in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
4,404 Views
18 Pages

Progress and Perspectives in Designing Flexible Microsupercapacitors

  • La Li,
  • Chuqiao Hu,
  • Weijia Liu and
  • Guozhen Shen

24 October 2021

Miniaturized flexible microsupercapacitors (MSCs) that can be integrated into self-powered sensing systems, detecting networks, and implantable devices have shown great potential to perfect the stand-alone functional units owing to the robust securit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,199 Views
13 Pages

A Terpyridine-Fe2+-Based Coordination Polymer Film for On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitor with AC Line-Filtering Performance

  • Hongxing Wang,
  • Feng Qiu,
  • Chenbao Lu,
  • Jinhui Zhu,
  • Changchun Ke,
  • Sheng Han and
  • Xiaodong Zhuang

24 March 2021

The preparation of redox-active, ultrathin polymer films as the electrode materials represents a major challenge for miniaturized flexible electronics. Herein, we demonstrated a liquid–liquid interfacial polymerization approach to a coordination poly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,441 Views
8 Pages

Cobalt Oxide-Decorated Silicon Carbide Nano-Tree Array Electrode for Micro-Supercapacitor Application

  • Chuan-Pei Lee,
  • Bayu-Tri Murti,
  • Po-Kang Yang,
  • Francesca Rossi,
  • Carlo Carraro and
  • Roya Maboudian

11 August 2021

A cobalt oxide (Co3O4)-decorated silicon carbide (SiC) nano-tree array (denoted as Co3O4/SiC NTA) electrode is synthesized, and it is investigated for use in micro-supercapacitor applications. Firstly, the well-standing SiC nanowires (NWs) are prepar...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,219 Views
35 Pages

Current Trends and Promising Electrode Materials in Micro-Supercapacitor Printing

  • Tatiana L. Simonenko,
  • Nikolay P. Simonenko,
  • Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov,
  • Elizaveta P. Simonenko and
  • Nikolay T. Kuznetsov

9 September 2023

The development of scientific and technological foundations for the creation of high-performance energy storage devices is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid development of microelectronics, including flexible and wearable microelectron...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,718 Views
11 Pages

All-Solid-State Interdigitated Micro-Supercapacitors Based on Porous Gold Electrodes

  • Aymeric Pastre,
  • Alexandre Boé,
  • Nathalie Rolland and
  • Rémy Bernard

5 January 2023

Recent developments in embedded electronics require the development of micro sources of energy. In this paper, the fabrication of an on-chip interdigitated all-solid-state supercapacitor, using porous gold electrodes and a PVA/KOH quasisolid electrol...

  • Review
  • Open Access
84 Citations
9,739 Views
37 Pages

Graphene Quantum Dots as Flourishing Nanomaterials for Bio-Imaging, Therapy Development, and Micro-Supercapacitors

  • Merve Kortel,
  • Bhargav D. Mansuriya,
  • Nicole Vargas Santana and
  • Zeynep Altintas

18 September 2020

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considerably a new member of the carbon family and shine amongst other members, thanks to their superior electrochemical, optical, and structural properties as well as biocompatibility features that enable us to engag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,543 Views
11 Pages

29 April 2021

Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a flexible and transparent micro-supercapacitor (MSC), using colorless polyimide (CPI) via a direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC) process. The focused laser beam directly carbonizes the CPI substrate and g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,540 Views
17 Pages

Sustainable Approach for the Development of TiO2-Based 3D Electrodes for Microsupercapacitors

  • Nathalie Poirot,
  • Marie Gabard,
  • Mohamed Boufnichel,
  • Rachelle Omnée and
  • Encarnacion Raymundo-Piñero

This study reports a sustainable approach for developing electrodes for microsupercapacitors. This approach includes the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles via a green sol–gel method and the deposition of thin films of that electrochemically activ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,932 Views
11 Pages

The Zn-ion micro-supercapacitor (ZMSC) is a promising candidate for developing miniaturized and integrated energy storage devices. To achieve high-performance functional groups with simple processing to composite with rod-like active PANI fibers, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,680 Views
19 Pages

11 April 2025

Asymmetric micro-supercapacitors (AMSCs) with a small size and high energy density can be compatible with portable and wearable electronic devices and are capable of providing stable, long-term power supply, attracting great research interest in rece...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,105 Views
12 Pages

3 May 2024

Flexible electronic products, with their characteristics of flexibility and wearability, have attracted significant attention and have become an important direction in the research and development of the electronics industry. Planar micro-supercapaci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,999 Views
11 Pages

Hierarchically Porous, Laser-Pyrolyzed Carbon Electrode from Black Photoresist for On-Chip Microsupercapacitors

  • Soongeun Kwon,
  • Hak-Jong Choi,
  • Hyung Cheoul Shim,
  • Yeoheung Yoon,
  • Junhyoung Ahn,
  • Hyungjun Lim,
  • Geehong Kim,
  • Kee-Bong Choi and
  • JaeJong Lee

25 October 2021

We report a laser-pyrolyzed carbon (LPC) electrode prepared from a black photoresist for an on-chip microsupercapacitor (MSC). An interdigitated LPC electrode was fabricated by direct laser writing using a high-power carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to sim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,647 Views
14 Pages

Broadening the Voltage Window of 3D-Printed MXene Micro-Supercapacitors with a Hybridized Electrolyte

  • Xin Jiang,
  • Haowen Jia,
  • Xuan Chen,
  • Jiajia Li,
  • Yanling Chen,
  • Jin Jia,
  • Guangzhen Zhao,
  • Lianghao Yu,
  • Guang Zhu and
  • Yuanyuan Zhu

20 March 2024

The burgeoning demand for miniaturized energy storage devices compatible with the miniaturization trend of electronic technologies necessitates advancements in micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) that promise safety, cost efficiency, and high-speed charging...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,643 Views
19 Pages

Design and Fabrication of MoCuOx Bimetallic Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Micro-Supercapacitor by Electro-Spark Machining

  • Ri Chen,
  • Siqi Lv,
  • Yunying Xu,
  • Zicong Lin,
  • Guoying Zhang,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Bocheng Wang,
  • Wenxia Wang,
  • Igor Zhitomirsky and
  • Yong Yang

25 December 2024

Transition metal oxides, distinguished by their high theoretical specific capacitance values, inexpensive cost, and low toxicity, have been extensively utilized as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Nevertheless, their conducti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,363 Views
17 Pages

Planar Micro-Supercapacitors with High Power Density Screen-Printed by Aqueous Graphene Conductive Ink

  • Youchang Wang,
  • Xiaojing Zhang,
  • Yuwei Zhu,
  • Xiaolu Li and
  • Zhigang Shen

13 August 2024

Simple and scalable production of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) is crucial to address the energy requirements of miniature electronics. Although significant advancements have been achieved in fabricating MSCs through solution-based printing techniques...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,485 Views
16 Pages

8 April 2021

Most reported wearable electronic devices lack self-healing chemistry and flexible function to maintain stable energy output while irreversible damages and complex deformations. In this work, we report a dual-dynamic network electrolyte synthesized b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,214 Views
19 Pages

14 May 2025

The advent of the Internet of Things has boosted portable and wearable miniature electronics, especially micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with excellent integrated performance as well as high-power density and a long lifetime. However, the rational desig...

  • Article
  • Open Access
609 Views
20 Pages

16 September 2025

This work provides the first demonstration of FFTCCV as a dual-purpose method, serving both as a real-time diagnostic tool and as a phase- and morphology-engineering strategy. By adjusting the scan rate, FFTCCV directs the crystallographic evolution...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,605 Views
19 Pages

Impact of Thermally Reducing Temperature on Graphene Oxide Thin Films and Microsupercapacitor Performance

  • Vusani M. Maphiri,
  • Daba T. Bakhoum,
  • Samba Sarr,
  • Ndeye F. Sylla,
  • Gift Rutavi and
  • Ncholu Manyala

28 June 2022

In this work, a thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) thin film on microscopic glass was prepared using spray coating and atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition. The structure of TRGO was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,216 Views
16 Pages

29 October 2024

With the increasing market demands for wearable and portable electronic devices, binary metal oxides (BMOs) with a remarkable capacity and good structure stability have been considered as a promising candidate for fabricating coplanar micro-supercapa...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
51 Citations
11,463 Views
28 Pages

14 January 2022

The very fast evolution in wearable electronics drives the need for energy storage micro-devices, which have to be flexible. Micro-supercapacitors are of high interest because of their high power density, long cycle lifetime and fast charge and disch...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,817 Views
11 Pages

Micromachined Planar Supercapacitor with Interdigital Buckypaper Electrodes

  • Yun-Ting Chen,
  • Cheng-Wen Ma,
  • Chia-Ming Chang and
  • Yao-Joe Yang

In this work, a flexible micro-supercapacitor with interdigital planar buckypaper electrodes is presented. A simple fabrication process involving vacuum filtration method and SU-8 molding techniques is proposed to fabricate in-plane interdigital buck...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,372 Views
10 Pages

Interfacial Synthesis of an Electro-Functional 2D Bis(terpyridine)copper(II) Polymer Nanosheet

  • Kenji Takada,
  • Joe Komeda,
  • Hiroaki Maeda,
  • Naoya Fukui,
  • Hiroyasu Masunaga,
  • Sono Sasaki and
  • Hiroshi Nishihara

Coordination polymers are attractive materials for various fields of practical application. The high degree of freedom of choice of metal ions and organic ligands plays a critical role in functional diversification. In the present study, we report th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,492 Views
16 Pages

Methodologies for Fabricating Flexible Supercapacitors

  • Seohyeon Jang,
  • Jihyeon Kang,
  • Soyul Kwak,
  • Myeong-Lok Seol,
  • M. Meyyappan and
  • Inho Nam

7 February 2021

The spread of wearable and flexible electronics devices has been accelerating in recent years for a wide range of applications. Development of an appropriate flexible power source to operate these flexible devices is a key challenge. Supercapacitors...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,351 Views
38 Pages

A Review: Ion Transport of Two-Dimensional Materials in Novel Technologies from Macro to Nanoscopic Perspectives

  • Nawapong Unsuree,
  • Sorasak Phanphak,
  • Pongthep Prajongtat,
  • Aritsa Bunpheng,
  • Kulpavee Jitapunkul,
  • Pornpis Kongputhon,
  • Pannaree Srinoi,
  • Pawin Iamprasertkun and
  • Wisit Hirunpinyopas

14 September 2021

Ion transport is a significant concept that underlies a variety of technologies including membrane technology, energy storages, optical, chemical, and biological sensors and ion-mobility exploration techniques. These applications are based on the con...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,139 Views
72 Pages

Emerging Capacitive Materials for On-Chip Electronics Energy Storage Technologies

  • Bukola Jolayemi,
  • Gaetan Buvat,
  • Pascal Roussel and
  • Christophe Lethien

7 September 2024

Miniaturized energy storage devices, such as electrostatic nanocapacitors and electrochemical micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), are important components in on-chip energy supply systems, facilitating the development of autonomous microelectronic devices...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,503 Views
17 Pages

30 June 2024

The rapid development of smart technologies is accelerating the growing demand for microscale energy storage devices. This work reports a facile and practical approach to fabricating interdigitated graphene micro-patterns through the LSC process acco...

  • Review
  • Open Access
81 Citations
9,633 Views
41 Pages

Advancements in MXene-Polymer Nanocomposites in Energy Storage and Biomedical Applications

  • D. Parajuli,
  • N. Murali,
  • Devendra K. C.,
  • Bhishma Karki,
  • K. Samatha,
  • Allison A Kim,
  • Mira Park and
  • Bishweshwar Pant

22 August 2022

MXenes are 2D ceramic materials, especially carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides derived from their parent ‘MAX’ phases by the etching out of ‘A’ and are famous due to their conducting, hydrophilic, biocompatible, and tunable...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,032 Views
14 Pages

2 January 2020

The development of portable electronic devices has greatly stimulated the need for miniaturized power sources. Planar supercapacitors are micro-scale electrochemical energy storage devices that can be integrated with other microelectronic devices on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
9,818 Views
16 Pages

Laser-Induced Graphene Microsupercapacitors: Structure, Quality, and Performance

  • Andres Velasco,
  • Yu Kyoung Ryu,
  • Assia Hamada,
  • Alicia de Andrés,
  • Fernando Calle and
  • Javier Martinez

21 February 2023

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a graphenic material synthesized from a polymeric substrate through point-by-point laser pyrolysis. It is a fast and cost-effective technique, and it is ideal for flexible electronics and energy storage devices, such a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,154 Views
9 Pages

Densified Laser-Induced Graphene for Flexible Microsupercapacitors

  • Jung Bae Lee,
  • Jina Jang,
  • Haoyu Zhou,
  • Yoonjae Lee and
  • Jung Bin In

13 December 2020

Microsupercapacitors have attracted significant attention due to several of their advantageous characteristics such as lightweight, small volume, and planar structure that is favorable for high mechanical flexibility. Among the various micro supercap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
7,179 Views
21 Pages

RF Sputter-Deposited Nanostructured CuO Films for Micro-Supercapacitors

  • Goddati Mahendra,
  • Reddappagari Malathi,
  • Sairam P. Kedhareswara,
  • Ambadi Lakshmi-Narayana,
  • Merum Dhananjaya,
  • Nunna Guruprakash,
  • Obili M. Hussain,
  • Alain Mauger and
  • Christian M. Julien

25 February 2021

Copper oxide is considered as an alternative electrode material for supercapacitors due to its low cost, chemical stability and high theoretical specific capacitance. In the present work, nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) films are prepared by radio-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,279 Views
10 Pages

Surface Engineering of Carbon-Based Microelectrodes for High-Performance Microsupercapacitors

  • Liang He,
  • Tianjiao Hong,
  • Yue Huang,
  • Biao Xiong,
  • Xufeng Hong,
  • Muhammad Tahir,
  • Waqas Ali Haider and
  • Yulai Han

In this research, the enhancement in electrochemical performance of pyrolyzed carbon microelectrodes by surface modification is investigated. For the proposed microfabrication process, pyrolyzed carbon microelectrodes with multi-walled carbon nanotub...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,059 Views
10 Pages

A Thin Film Flexible Supercapacitor Based on Oblique Angle Deposited Ni/NiO Nanowire Arrays

  • Jing Ma,
  • Wen Liu,
  • Shuyuan Zhang,
  • Zhe Ma,
  • Peishuai Song,
  • Fuhua Yang and
  • Xiaodong Wang

With high power density, fast charging-discharging speed, and a long cycling life, supercapacitors are a kind of highly developed novel energy-storage device that has shown a growing performance and various unconventional shapes such as flexible, lin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,604 Views
12 Pages

Electrostatic Spray Deposition-Based Manganese Oxide Films—From Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage Materials to Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Integrands

  • Richa Agrawal,
  • Ebenezer Adelowo,
  • Amin Rabiei Baboukani,
  • Michael Franc Villegas,
  • Alexandra Henriques and
  • Chunlei Wang

In this study, porous manganese oxide (MnOx) thin films were synthesized via electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and evaluated as pseudocapacitive electrode materials in neutral aqueous media. Very interestingly, the gravimetric specific capacitance...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,855 Views
30 Pages

30 January 2024

Three-dimensional printed electrodes seem to overcome many structural and operational limitations compared to ones fabricated with conventional methods. Compared to other 3D printing techniques, direct ink writing (DIW), as a sub-category of extrusio...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,585 Views
5 Pages

5 November 2022

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) films and their derivatives have been regarded as one of the most outstanding functional flexible electrodes in the past decade, which will transform society and enable new devices and developments. The aim of this Specia...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1,901 Views
7 Pages

Laser-Induced Graphene as Electrode Material in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

  • Tommaso Serra,
  • Giulia Massaglia,
  • Pietro Zaccagnini,
  • Marco Fontana,
  • Candido Fabrizio Pirri,
  • Giancarlo Cicero,
  • Stefano Bianco and
  • Marzia Quaglio

The preparation of graphene foams via laser pyrolysis of polyimides has gained success due to its ease and speed of processing. Established applications of laser-induced graphene (LIG) involve micro-supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, and water trea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
2,603 Views
13 Pages

Fabrication of Flexible Films for Supercapacitors Using Halloysite Nano-Clay Incorporated Poly(lactic acid)

  • Bipin S. Chikkatti,
  • Ashok M. Sajjan,
  • Nagaraj R. Banapurmath,
  • Javed Khan Bhutto,
  • Rajesh Verma and
  • T. M. Yunus Khan

30 November 2023

In the past few years, significant research efforts have been directed toward improving the electrochemical capabilities of supercapacitors by advancing electrode materials. The present work signifies the development of poly(lactic acid)/alloysite na...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,260 Views
35 Pages

Metal Oxide Nanosheet: Synthesis Approaches and Applications in Energy Storage Devices (Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors)

  • Arnob Das,
  • Susmita Datta Peu,
  • Md. Sanowar Hossain,
  • Md Abdul Mannan Akanda,
  • Mostafa M. Salah,
  • Md Muzaffer Hosen Akanda,
  • Mahbubur Rahman and
  • Barun K. Das

16 March 2023

In recent years, the increasing energy requirement and consumption necessitates further improvement in energy storage technologies to obtain high cycling stability, power and energy density, and specific capacitance. Two-dimensional metal oxide nanos...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,148 Views
12 Pages

14 March 2025

The fast development of portable electronics demands electrodes for supercapacitors that are compatible with miniaturized device applications. In this study, an orderly aligned coaxial bilayer nanotube array made of transition metal/transition metal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,782 Views
17 Pages

Comparison of Thermal and Laser-Reduced Graphene Oxide Production for Energy Storage Applications

  • M. Belén Gómez-Mancebo,
  • Rodolfo Fernández-Martínez,
  • Andrea Ruiz-Perona,
  • Verónica Rubio,
  • Pablo Bastante,
  • Fernando García-Pérez,
  • Fernando Borlaf,
  • Miguel Sánchez,
  • Assia Hamada and
  • Andrés Velasco
  • + 6 authors

17 April 2023

A way to obtain graphene-based materials on a large-scale level is by means of chemical methods for the oxidation of graphite to obtain graphene oxide (GO), in combination with thermal, laser, chemical and electrochemical reduction methods to produce...

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