211 Results Found

The aim of the retrospective study was to compare the immunophenotyping of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells before the administration of the first and the second dose of ocrelizumab in 22 patients with multiple sclerosis in a th...

The emergence of a novel goose nephritic astrovirus (GNAstV) has caused economic losses to the Chinese goose industry. High viral load is found in the spleen of goslings infected with GNAstV, but pathological injuries to the spleen due to GNAstV are...

Ultra-high dose rate irradiation has been reported to protect normal tissues more than conventional dose rate irradiation. This tissue sparing has been termed the FLASH effect. We investigated the FLASH effect of proton irradiation on the intestine a...

Several types of tumours overexpress the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in either wild type or mutated form. These tumours are often highly aggressive and difficult to treat. The underlying mechanisms for this phenomenon have remained largel...

Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated oncogenic α-herpesvirus, is the etiological agent of T cell lymphomas and neuropathic disease in chickens known as Marek’s disease (MD). Clinical signs of MD include neurological...

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is highly secreted by neutrophils and binds to formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) to trigger anti-inflammatory effects and efferocytosis. AnxA1 is also expressed in the tumor microenvironment, being mainly attributed to cancer cells....

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown therapeutic benefits, and the potential for enhanced immune activation has raised concerns about increased immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The immunologi...

Background: Resistance to anti-PD-1 remains a considerable clinical challenge for the treatment of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), and mechanisms of anti-PD-1 resistance remain unknown. This pilot study aims to investigate the tumor m...

Background: B-cells have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), representing, therefore, a potential therapeutic target. Objectives: We aimed at investigating the 36-month outcomes of 20 SSc patients who underw...

Sepsis remains a global challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where there is an urgent need for easily accessible and cost-effective biomarkers to predict the occurrence and prognosis of sepsis. Lymphocyte counts are easy to meas...

Food fortification with synthetic folic acid (FA), along with supplementation, results in a marked increase in the population total of serum folates and unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA). Despite the success in reducing neural tube defects at birth in...

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity due to defects in the transport or function of subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, the enzyme that generates the phagocyte respiratory burst responsible f...

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the preferred curative treatment for several hematological malignancies. The efficacy of allo-SCT depends on the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. However, the prognosis of patients with relapsed a...

Viral infections and reactivations remain a serious obstacle to successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). When antiviral drug treatment fails, adoptive virus-specific T-cell transfer provides an effective alternative. Assuming that n...

Lymphopenia and functional defects in lymphocytes may impact the prognosis in patients with critical illness or sepsis. Therefore, we prospectively analyzed peripheral blood leukocytes from 63 healthy volunteers, 50 non-critically ill standard care (...

Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD52, a protein present on the surface of mature lymphocytes, but not on the stem cells from which these lymphocytes are derived. It is currently used as an immune reconstitution therapy in patients...

Background: B-cell depletion therapy was demonstrated to be a valid and safe alternative as an adjuvant in oral-pharyngeal pemphigus vulgaris (OPV) patients. We aimed to assess its effects on anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3 and leukocytes subsets profi...

Genomic instability is prevented by the DNA damage response (DDR). Micronutrients, like zinc (Zn), are cofactors of DDR proteins, and micronutrient deficiencies have been related to increased cancer risk. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients commonl...

Marburg and Ebola viruses cause a severe hemorrhagic disease in humans with high fatality rates. Early target cells of filoviruses are monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection spreads to the liver, spleen and later other organs by b...

Immune cell reconstitution after stem cell transplantation is allocated over several stages. Whereas cells mediating innate immunity recover rapidly, adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells, recover slowly over several months. In this study we...

The thymus provides maturation and migration of T cells to peripheral organs of immunity, where they recognize diverse antigens and maintain immunological memory and self-tolerance. The thymus is known to be involved with age and in response to stres...

B lymphocytes play critical roles in the development of autoimmunity, acting as autoantibody manufacturers, antigen-presenting cells, and producers of cytokines. Pan-B cell depletion has demonstrated efficacy in treatment of many autoimmune disorders...

T lymphocytes infiltrate the CNS in response to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection and form a pool of long-lived brain tissue-resident memory T-cells (bTRMs), which display markers of residency (i.e., CD103, CD69, CD49a). However, the functional...

B lymphocytes have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and certain types of hypertension. In contrast to these studies, which were performed under pathological conditions, the present study provides evidence for...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results from protozoa Leishmania infantum and L. donovani infection. This study investigated whether host factors would explain the relapses. First, susceptibility to amphotericin B of L. infantum isolates was evaluated in...

Bacterial translocation (BT) and splenomegaly contribute to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) including T cell depletion, infection, and chronic inflammation. β-blockers have been reported to decrease BT and improve splenomegaly. Th...

The current classification of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the result of an integrated approach that combines the evaluation of morphological patterns, immunophenotypic characteristics, molecular features, and clinical presentation. Evolving from its ori...

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the definitive and adjuvant treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, standard courses of radiation therapy may contribute to the depletion of circulating lymphocytes and potentially...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition characterized by the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which predisposes individuals to opportunistic infections and, ultimately, death. Altho...

Aberrant signaling pathways of the acquired immune system are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) phenotypes. Understanding the complex abnormalities of lymphocyte subpopulations in CKD is a...

Antigen-specific T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling viral infections. However, we report here that preexisting virus-specific T cell responses also contribute to promoting adenovirus (Ad) infection. Previously, we found that CD14+ mono...

Combined radiation with hemorrhage (combined injury, CI) exacerbates hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome and mortality compared to radiation alone (RI). We evaluated the effects of RI or CI on blood cell depletion as a biomarker to differentiate t...

The infiltration and activation of macrophages as well as lymphocytes within atherosclerotic lesion contribute to the pathogenesis of plaque rupture. We have demonstrated that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a unique subset of T lymphocytes...

During tuberculosis (TB) infection, B-lymphocytes migrate to the lungs and form B-cell follicles (BCFs) in the vicinity of TB granulomata. B-cell-lacking mice display enhanced susceptibility to TB infection, and early B-cell depletion in infected non...

Islet autoantibodies are the primary biomarkers used to predict type 1 diabetes (T1D) disease risk. They signal immune tolerance breach by islet autoantigen-specific B lymphocytes. T-B lymphocyte interactions that lead to expansion of pathogenic T ce...

T-cell-depleted (TCD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical (haplo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (TCD-haplo-HSCT) has had a huge impact on the treatment of many haematological diseases. The adoptive transfer of a titrated num...

CKDu needs to be characterized in fundamental areas to improve etiological understanding and disease management. In a cross-sectional study, blood cell profile and plasma inflammatory cytokines were followed by automated analysis and sandwich ELISA,...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recognized as major immune suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment that may inhibit immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we developed a Stattic-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (PEG-...

Cystatin F (CstF) is a protease inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, including those involved in activating the perforin/granzyme cytotoxic pathways. It is targeted at the endolysosomal pathway but can also be secreted to the extracellular milieu or end...

The Ikaros zing-finger family transcription factors (IKZF TFs) are important regulators of lymphocyte development and differentiation and are also highly expressed in B cell malignancies, including Multiple Myeloma (MM), where they are required for c...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multi-stage neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid accumulation, hyperphosphorylated Tau deposits, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Recent studies implicate CD8 T cells as...

Objectives: A decrease in blood cell counts, especially lymphocytes and eosinophils, has been described in patients with serious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but there is no knowledge of their potential role of the re...

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This case report presents a patient who had difficulty eradicating the corona virus due to being treated with Rituximab...

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an important cause of nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. The pathogenic significance of B cells in MN is increasingly recognized, especially following the discovery of various autoantibodies...

Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol are secondary metabolites of fungi of the genus Fusarium. The presence of mycotoxins in cereals and the resulting contamination of feeds and foods pose health risks for animals and humans. The dangers associated with hi...

B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling by stimulating actin severing, actin polymerization, and the nucleation of branched actin networks via the Arp2/3 complex. This enables B cells to spread on antigen-bearing...

Long-term evolution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) results in substantial alteration in viral pathogenesis. NDVs of genotype VII, a late genotype, show marked tropism to lymphoid tissues, especially to macrophages in chickens. However, the role of...

Several cells of myeloid origin, such as monocytes and macrophages are involved in various human disorders, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Hence, they represent attractive therapeutic targets. Here we developed three lytic hybrid peptide...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a vast population of immature myeloid cells implicated in various conditions. Most notably, their role in cancer is of great complexity. They exert immunosuppressive functions like hampering cancer...

The traditional paradigm of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a T cell-mediated disorder has been challenged by the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CD20-expressing lymphocytes. Although these are mostly represented by B cells, the CD...