The gut-brain axis has emerged as a critical pathway influencing central nervous system (CNS) tumor biology through complex microbiome-mediated mechanisms. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies and...
Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a unique therapeutic challenge due to the complexity of the CNS and the protective role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). All gliomas are of glial origin, account for the majority of CNS tumo...
Despite the considerable advances in diagnostic methods in medicine, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, particularly the most common ones—gliomas—remain incurable, with similar incidence rates and mortality. A growing body of literature has reveale...
Despite extensive experimentation on pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), related to both prognosis, diagnosis and treatment, the understanding of pathogenesis and etiology of the disease remains scarce. MicroRNAs are known to be inv...
Background: The primary co-occurrence of gonadal and extragonadal central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) has rarely been reported in the literature, and a common opinion on the underlying etiopathogenetic mechanism is lacking. Objective...
BRAF is a component of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways that play a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, and angiogenesis. Pediatric central nervous system tumors very often show mutations of the MAPK pathway, as dem...
The presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) and/or blood–brain–tumor barriers (BBTB) is one of the main obstacles to effectively deliver therapeutics to our central nervous system (CNS); hence, the outcomes following treatment of mali...
Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors represent a significant public health concern due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a critical non-invasive modality for the detection, diagnosis, and mana...
Neuroimmunology is reshaping the understanding of the central nervous system (CNS), revealing it as an active immune organ rather than an isolated structure. This review delves into the unprecedented discoveries transforming the field, including the...
This review highlights the added value of PET imaging in Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, which is a tool that has rapidly evolved from a merely diagnostic setting to multimodal molecular diagnostics and the guidance of targeted therapy. PET is t...
Radiation therapy (RT) is a cornerstone in the management of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Recent advancements in RT delivery and techniques aim to enhance therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing both acute and long-term complicat...
The present review aimed to establish an understanding of the pathophysiology of leptomeningeal disease as it relates to late-stage development among different cancer types. For our purposes, the focused metastatic malignancies include breast cancer,...
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, highly aggressive, extranodal form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, predominantly diagnosed as primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS DLBCL). Fast and precise diagno...
Sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes, play crucial roles in epigenetic regulation, metabolism, DNA repair, and stress response, making them relevant to glioma biology. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms and...
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in various plants, has been extensively studied for its broad spectrum of beneficial biological effects. These encompass its potent antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory activities, a...
Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system represent a heterogeneous group of childhood cancers with an unknown pathogenesis; diagnosis, on the basis of histological appearance alone, is controversial and patients’ response to therapy is difficul...
Background and Clinical Significance: Pituitary adenomas, also termed pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, pose a significant risk of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) after surgical resection, with profound consequences for fertility and sexual functio...
The overall survival of pediatric gliomas varies over a wide spectrum depending on the tumor grade. Low-grade gliomas have an excellent long-term survival, with a possible burden of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy; in contrast, high-grade glio...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for hematological cancers, yet it faces significant hurdles, particularly regarding its efficacy in solid tumors and concerning associated adverse effects. This...
Thanks to the recent advances in the development of chemotherapeutics, the morbidity and mortality of many cancers has decreased significantly. However, compared to oncology in general, the field of neuro-oncology has lagged behind. While new molecul...
The brain has high-order functions and is composed of several kinds of cells, such as neurons and glial cells. It is becoming clear that many kinds of neurodegenerative diseases are more-or-less influenced by astrocytes, which are a type of glial cel...
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a promising cancer immunotherapy that induces tumor cell lysis and stimulates anti-tumor immunity. Our previous single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of oHSV-treated medulloblastoma tumors revealed expansion and...
Evidence shows that stress can promote the occurrence and development of tumors. In recent years, many studies have shown that stress-related hormones or peripheral neurotransmitters can promote the proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis of tumor...
Glioma remains the toughest brain tumor among all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors [...]
Despite advances in our knowledge and treatments, Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors remain the most difficult clinical challenge for the worldwide medical community [...]
Central nervous system tumors comprising the primary cancers and brain metastases remain the most lethal neoplasms and challenging to treat. Substantial evidence points to a paramount role for inflammation in the pathology leading to gliomagenesis, m...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor and, despite decades of research, it remains a lethal disease with a median overall survival of less than two years [...]
Neurotoxicity caused by traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known and widely described. New therapies, such as biologic therapy and immunotherapy, are associated with better outcomes in pediatric patients but are also associated with ce...
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumor in children, with the majority being glial in origin. These tumors are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as either being low grade (WHO grade 1 and 2) or hi...
Pediatric Neuro-Oncology is a highly specialized field encompassing molecular biology, clinical acumen, evidence based medicine, cancer genetics and neuropsychological care for the diagnosis and treatment of children with central nervous system (CNS)...
Establishing novel therapies for rare central nervous system (CNS) tumors is arduous due to challenges in conducting clinical trials in rare tumors. Immunotherapy treatment has been a rapidly developing field and has demonstrated improvements in outc...
Liquid biopsy, as a non-invasive technique for cancer diagnosis, has emerged as a major step forward in conquering tumors. Current practice in diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors involves invasive acquisition of tumor biopsy upon detecti...
Recent research has promoted elucidation of the diverse biological processes that occur in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Molecular genetic analysis is essential not only for proper classification, but also for monitoring biological b...
Atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare but one of the most aggressive embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), most often occurring in children under 3 years of age. AT/RT accounts for about 1–2% of all CNS neoplasms an...
Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are the most common central nervous system malignant tumors in adult and pediatric populations. Both are associated with poor survival. These tumors are highly heterogeneous, having complex interactions among different...
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors involve a large and diverse group of malignancies that arise from various cell types within the brain tissue. Although there are advances in treatments, CNS tumors still remain challenging, due to their complex bio...
Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. T...
Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogenous group of tumors. The 2021 fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS emphasizes the advanced role of molecular diagnostics with routine implementation of molecular...
Conventional chemotherapy continues to form the backbone of treatment for many pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Advances have been made especially in the molecular underpinning of certain pediatric CNS tumors, allowing for advancement a...
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are highly susceptible to long-term toxicity due to tumor location and also the treatment received. Advancements in treatment techniques, risk-adapted approaches to therapy with adjustments to tr...
Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are severe and refractory diseases with poor prognosis, especially for patients with malignant glioblastoma and brain metastases. Currently, numerous studies have explored the potential role of bacteria and...
Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is an effective anti-inflammatory factor and acts through intracellular and extracellular pathways, inhibiting the effects of other inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-&alpha...
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The study of DNA tumor-inducing viruses and their oncoproteins as a causative agent in cancer initiation and tumor progression has greatly enhanced our understanding of cancer cell biology. T...
Efficacious therapies are not available for the cure of both gliomas and glioneuronal tumors, which represent the most numerous and heterogeneous primary cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), and for neoplasms of the peripheral nervous system...
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors comprise around 20% of childhood malignancies. Germline variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) are found in approximately 10% of pediatric patients with CNS tumors. This study aimed to characterize variants...
This article reviews the existing approaches to determining the TERT promoter mutational status in patients with various tumoral diseases of the central nervous system. The operational characteristics of the most common methods and their transferabil...
This review examines the prevalence, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of RAS mutations in Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, with a particular focus on glioblastoma. We summarize the current understanding of RAS-driven oncogenic path...
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) utilizes an orchestrated enzymatic cascade of E1, E2, and E3 ligases to add single or multiple ubiquitin-like molecules as post-translational modification (PTM) to proteins. Ubiquitination can alter protein funct...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, with rare occurrences of primary and metastatic tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported the overexpression of the polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) in em...
Introduction: Survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are at high risk for late effects and long-term morbidity. The quality of survival became increasingly important, as advances in diagnostics, multimodal treatment strategies, an...
of 9