262 Results Found

None of the currently used diagnostic tools are efficient enough in diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in children. The study was aimed to identify cytokine biosignatures characterizing active and latent tuberculosis (TB) in child...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a biologically active yet clinically asymptomatic stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persistence. This condition is characterized by subtle immunometabolic alterations reflecting the host–p...

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of genetic factors, i.e., the level of expression and polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLR), to the susceptibility of latent tuberculosis infection in a Russian cohort of individuals in...

The incidence of tuberculosis remains high in South Korea; the management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has become the prime target for reducing the infection rate. The management of pediatric LTBI is especially crucial because children can...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a major challenge to curing TB disease. Current guidelines for LTBI management include only three older drugs and their combinations—isoniazid and rifamycins (rifampicin and rifapentine). These av...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a subclinical, asymptomatic mycobacterial state affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The substantial prevalence of LTBI, combined with the risk of progressing to active tuberculosis, un...

Background: Given the lack of a gold standard for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and paucity of performance data from endemic settings, we compared test performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and two interferon-gamma-release assays (IGRA...

Introduction: Diagnostics of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been based on a century-old tuberculin skin test (TST). However, a positive reaction can result not only from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but also from BCG vaccinati...

The association between smoking exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been investigated in a few studies; however, further investigation is needed. In this study, the 2011–2012 NHANES population was used to evaluate smoking expo...

This study explores the role of human visceral white adipocytes (hv-WAD) in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). While granulomas and macrophages are traditionally viewed as central to TB latency, emerging evidence highlights adipocytes as significa...

Despite a century of research into tuberculosis (TB), there is a dearth of reproducible, easily quantifiable, biomarkers that can predict disease onset and differentiate between host disease states. Due to the challenges associated with human samplin...

Despite huge efforts, tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health threat worldwide, with approximately 23% of the human population harboring a latent TB infection (LTBI). LTBI can reactivate and progress to active and transmissible TB disease, c...

Ireland is a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis (TB) (5.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2019) that should be aiming for TB elimination (fewer than 1 case per million of population). To achieve TB elimination in low-incidence countries, pr...

Background: The control of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) encompasses multiple stages. The objective was to calculate the losses in the LTBI care cascade for pulmonary TB contacts in Catalonia (Spain). Methods: The LTBI care cascade was studied...

Controlling latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for preventing tuberculosis (TB). However, the immune regulation of LTBI remains uncertain. Immune checkpoints and CD14+ monocytes are pivotal for immune defense but have been scarcely stu...

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment among contacts with latent TB infection for new cases of pulmonary TB cases reported in Catalonia in 2019–2021. All contacts a...

Tuberculous granuloma formation is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), and is essential for establishing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and its progression to active tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigated whether HIF-...

Background and Objectives: Abnormal blood and biochemical indicators could increase the risk of infectious diseases. However, the association between blood together with biochemical indicators and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has not been wel...

Data regarding the relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and active or latent tuberculosis (TB) are discordant. We conducted a retrospective study examining the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the clinical progression...

Despite the decline in tuberculosis incidence (TB) in Germany, health workers (HW) are at greater risk of becoming infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To date, little is known about the risk of progression of latent tuberculosis infections (LTB...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Problem of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is increasing in number especially in countries with high TB incidence rate, such as Indonesia. Although not eve...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBi) affects nearly a quarter of the global population, yet current diagnostic methods are limited by low sensitivity and specificity. This study applied an integrative bioinformatics framework, incorporating machine l...

Background: Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with hematological malignancy is recommended because of their increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the utility of tuberculin skin test (TST) screening in patients...

There have been few reports on the kinetics of hemodialyzed (HD) patients’ immune responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Therefore, in the present study, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of nine immune markers were anal...

A tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) can be used to screen for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Due to its low cost, TST has been used particularly in underdeveloped countries. The limitations of TST were poor sp...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can develop into tuberculosis (TB). The WHO requires the discovery and management of LTBI among high-risk groups. Health care workers (HCWs) constitute a high-risk group. Factors associated with LTBI among HCWs in...

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and, hence, of developing tuberculosis (TB) disease. The aims of this study are to identify the prevalence and determinants of latent TB infection (LTB...

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a new chemiluminescent immunoassay-based tuberculosis (TB) interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), AdvanSureI3 TB-IGRA (LG Chem Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea), for detecting l...

Background/Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are globally recognized as a high-risk group for tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, limited data exist on the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) and associated occupational risk factors in the...

Background: This study aims to reveal the demographic and clinical data of patients receiving TNF-α blockers, to compare the characteristics of those who received latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment and those who did not, and to eval...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). While body mass index (BMI) affects TB risk, its association with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in PLHIV is unclear. High-transmission settings, su...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an infectious disease that presents a major threat to human health. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, is ineffective against laten...

Tuberculosis (TB) management is important for prompt discrimination of latent TB infection (LTBI) from active TB and proper treatment. Whole blood Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) is used to diagnose LTBI based on the secretion of...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB) together impose a high disease burden in terms of both mortality and health economics worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection...

It is now widely accepted that NK cells can acquire memory, and this makes them more effective to protect against some pathogens. Prior reports indicate memory-like NK cells (mlNKs) in murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as well as in he...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in regions with high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence, such as South Africa. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and assess patient knowl...

Introduction: Over 8000 cases of tuberculosis (TB) are diagnosed annually in Poland. People infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have a risk of active disease of around 10% during their whole life, and the risk is highest in the first two y...

Background and Objectives: Due to their weakened immune response, hemodialysis (HD) patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at higher risk for active tuberculosis (TB) disease and are more subject to patient-to-patient transmission wit...

(1) Aims: Patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy are at risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), usually due to the reactivation of a latent TB infection (LTBI). LTBI screening and treatment decreases the risk of TB. This study...

Healthcare workers (HCWs) have increased risk for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) disease due to their occupational exposure. For some years now, interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) have replaced the tuberculin skin t...

Background/Objectives: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation, influenced by DMARD type. This...

To tackle the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, in 2014 the World Health Organization launched the End TB Strategy, which includes action to prevent latent TB infection (LTBI) reactivation. Available preventive treatments (PT) are based on either isoniazid...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) widely exists in patients with unexplained infertility, and whether LTBI would affect the ovarian reserve and pregnancy outcome of infertile women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) is still unknown. A sin...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) poses a significant public health challenge, especially in populations with high HIV prevalence and limited healthcare access. Early detection and targeted interventions are essential to prevent the progression of...

Health care workers (HCWs) in high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries have to care for many cases, thus increasing their risk of infection. The objective of the study was to compare the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) between general HCW...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacilli from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, remains a serious global public health problem, representing one of the main causes of death from infectious diseases. About one quarter of the world’s population...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) are currently the two leading causes of death among infectious diseases. As we progress towards a “new normal”, more information is required regarding post-COVID-19 syndromes. We p...

The IGRA (Interferon Gamma Release Assays) test is currently the standard specific test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status. However, a positive test cannot distinguish between active tuberculosis disease (ATBD) and latent tuberculosis in...

The results of tuberculosis (TB) screening and reactivation in a cohort of 323 adult patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2015 to 2019 at the University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, were reported. A total...

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem. Conventional tests are inadequate to distinguish between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We measured antibody responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (My...