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19,411 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,504 Views
10 Pages

Combining ATRP and FRP Gels: Soft Gluing of Polymeric Materials for the Fabrication of Stackable Gels

  • Antoine Beziau,
  • Rafael N. L. De Menezes,
  • Santidan Biswas,
  • Awaneesh Singh and ,
  • Julia Cuthbert,
  • Anna C. Balazs,
  • Tomasz Kowalewski and
  • Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

24 May 2017

Stackable gels comprised of layers of dissimilar polymers were synthesized by combining conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using two approaches: (i) polymerization of a pre-gel solution cont...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionally Responsive Polymeric Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
913 Views
17 Pages

Impact of Glycosylated Fish Gelatin Emulsion Gels on the Gel Properties and Structural Characteristics of Surimi Gels

  • Huaiyuan Chen,
  • Jiaqi Huang,
  • Xinxin Fan,
  • Ru Jia and ,
  • Changrong Ou,
  • Huamao Wei and
  • Tao Huang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

20 April 2026

Surimi-based products are widely popular in the market owing to their unique texture and nutritional properties; however, traditional processing methods often result in reduced lipid content, despite lipids playing a crucial role in health. This stud...

(This article belongs to the Section Food Engineering and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,091 Views
13 Pages

2 June 2026

This investigation addressed challenges in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs, and the colloidal processing of polymer–ceramic composites by fabrication of advanced supramolecular hydrogels. Polygalacturonic acid (PGA) polymer and 18β-gl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro- and Nano-Structured Biopolymer Materials for Biomedical, Environmental, and Sustainable Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,902 Views
20 Pages

High-Quality Application of Crayfish Muscle in Surimi Gels: Fortification of Blended Gels by Transglutaminase

  • Hongyi Wang,
  • Qiang Li,
  • Mengru Yang,
  • Hong Wang and ,
  • Mengtao Wang,
  • Lin Lin and
  • Jianfeng Lu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

14 March 2025

The application of crayfish muscle in surimi products is a potential way to promote their processing and ensure that it is of a high value. In this study, a one-way completely randomized design was used to prepare mixed surimi gels with different pro...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Gels: Fabrication, Characterization, and Application)
  • Review
  • Open Access
150 Citations
24,002 Views
29 Pages

Rheology of Gels and Yielding Liquids

  • Alexander Ya. Malkin,
  • Svetlana R. Derkach and
  • Valery G. Kulichikhin

3 September 2023

In this review, today’s state of the art in the rheology of gels and transition through the yield stress of yielding liquids is discussed. Gels are understood as soft viscoelastic multicomponent solids that are in the incomplete phase separatio...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Chemistry and Physics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
62 Citations
9,420 Views
34 Pages

Tannin Gels and Their Carbon Derivatives: A Review

  • Flavia Lega Braghiroli,
  • Gisele Amaral-Labat,
  • Alan Fernando Ney Boss,
  • Clément Lacoste and
  • Antonio Pizzi

8 October 2019

Tannins are one of the most natural, non-toxic, and highly reactive aromatic biomolecules classified as polyphenols. The reactive phenolic compounds present in their chemical structure can be an alternative precursor for the preparation of several po...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives on Tannins)
  • Review
  • Open Access
49 Citations
10,362 Views
43 Pages

Polyelectrolyte Gels: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications

  • Nisal Wanasingha,
  • Pramod Dorishetty,
  • Naba K. Dutta and
  • Namita Roy Choudhury

18 September 2021

Polyelectrolyte gels are an important class of polymer gels and a versatile platform with charged polymer networks with ionisable groups. They have drawn significant recent attention as a class of smart material and have demonstrated potential for a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyelectrolyte Gels: Volume II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,471 Views
13 Pages

Ion Partition in Polyelectrolyte Gels and Nanogels

  • Alexandros Chremos,
  • Matan Mussel,
  • Jack F. Douglas and
  • Ferenc Horkay

7 November 2023

Polyelectrolyte gels provide a load-bearing structural framework for many macroscopic biological tissues, along with the organelles within the cells composing tissues and the extracellular matrices linking the cells at a larger length scale than the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Hydro- Gels: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
7,825 Views
36 Pages

Beyond Sol-Gel: Molecular Gels with Different Transitions

  • Senem Yilmazer,
  • Duncan Schwaller and
  • Philippe J. Mésini

25 March 2023

The existence of sol–gel transitions is one of the most manifest properties of molecular gels. These transitions reflect their nature since they correspond to the association or dissociation of low weight molecules through non-covalent interact...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Chemistry and Physics)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,607 Views
13 Pages

Nanostructured Gels for Energy and Environmental Applications

  • Maria Cristina Cringoli,
  • Silvia Marchesan,
  • Michele Melchionna and
  • Paolo Fornasiero

29 November 2020

Nanostructured gels have emerged as an attractive functional material to innovate the field of energy, with applications ranging from extraction and purification to nanocatalysts with unprecedented performance. In this review we discuss the various c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Characterization and Applications of Functional Nanomaterials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,453 Views
9 Pages

16 July 2024

We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study deformation of networks and gels of linear and brush strands in both linear and nonlinear deformation regimes under constant pressure conditions. The simulations show that the Poisson rati...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Chemistry and Physics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
81 Citations
13,176 Views
33 Pages

Beyond Covalent Crosslinks: Applications of Supramolecular Gels

  • Ty Christoff-Tempesta,
  • Andrew J. Lew and
  • Julia H. Ortony

3 May 2018

Traditionally, gels have been defined by their covalently cross-linked polymer networks. Supramolecular gels challenge this framework by relying on non-covalent interactions for self-organization into hierarchical structures. This class of materials...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supramolecular Gels)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,709 Views
17 Pages

Hairy Gels: A Computational Study

  • Filip Uhlik,
  • Oleg V. Rud,
  • Oleg V. Borisov and
  • Ekaterina B. Zhulina

3 December 2022

We present results of MD and MC simulations of the equilibrium properties of swelling gels with comb-like or bottlebrush subchains and compare them to scaling-theory predictions. In accordance with theory, the simulation results demonstrate that swel...

(This article belongs to the Topic Modelling and Characterization of Soft and Supersoft Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,159 Views
16 Pages

5 August 2020

Tailoring the properties of porous organic materials, such as resorcinol–formaldehyde gels, for use in various applications has been a central focus for many studies in recent years. In order to achieve effective optimisation for each applicati...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gels: 6th Anniversary)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,189 Views
22 Pages

11 June 2024

The behavior of polyzwitterions, constituted by dipole-like zwitterionic monomers, is significantly different from that of uniformly charged polyelectrolytes. The origin of this difference lies in the intrinsic capacity of polyzwitterions to self-ass...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Thermoreversible Gelation)
  • Review
  • Open Access
43 Citations
11,911 Views
30 Pages

Polymer Gels Used in Oil–Gas Drilling and Production Engineering

  • Jinliang Han,
  • Jinsheng Sun,
  • Kaihe Lv,
  • Jingbin Yang and
  • Yuhong Li

7 October 2022

Polymer gels are widely used in oil–gas drilling and production engineering for the purposes of conformance control, water shutoff, fracturing, lost circulation control, etc. Here, the progress in research on three kinds of polymer gels, includ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gels for Oil Drilling and Enhanced Recovery)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,099 Views
13 Pages

Anion-Responsive Fluorescent Supramolecular Gels

  • Giacomo Picci,
  • Matthew T. Mulvee,
  • Claudia Caltagirone,
  • Vito Lippolis and ,
  • Antonio Frontera,
  • Rosa M. Gomila and
  • Jonathan W. Steed
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

13 February 2022

Three novel bis-urea fluorescent low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) based on the tetraethyl diphenylmethane spacer—namely, L1, L2, and L3, bearing indole, dansyl, and quinoline units as fluorogenic fragments, respectively, are able to form g...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supramolecular Gel II)
  • Review
  • Open Access
85 Citations
14,560 Views
14 Pages

23 February 2018

Gels are amorphous solids whose macroscopic viscoelastic response derives from constraints in the material that serve to localize the constituent molecules or particles about their average positions in space. These constraints may either be local in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyelectrolyte Gels)
  • Review
  • Open Access
141 Citations
16,675 Views
18 Pages

Rheology of Emulsion-Filled Gels Applied to the Development of Food Materials

  • Ivana M. Geremias-Andrade,
  • Nayla P.B.G. Souki,
  • Izabel C.F. Moraes and
  • Samantha C. Pinho

16 August 2016

Emulsion-filled gels are classified as soft solid materials and are complex colloids formed by matrices of polymeric gels into which emulsion droplets are incorporated. Several structural aspects of these gels have been studied in the past few years,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheology of Gels)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,969 Views
15 Pages

Ballistic Gels in Experimental Fracture Setting

  • Christoph Biehl,
  • Ann-Cathrin Thiesse-Kraul,
  • Sabine Stötzel,
  • Salsabel Alzubi and ,
  • Lotta Biehl,
  • Matthias Mülke,
  • Christian Heiss and
  • Thaqif El Khassawna
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

14 July 2024

Biomechanical tests typically involve bending, compression, or shear stress, while fall tests are less common. The main challenge in performing fall tests is the non-reproducible directionality of bone when tested with soft tissue. Upon removal of th...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,477 Views
10 Pages

Effect of ZnO on Properties of Gels for Heritage Objects Conservation

  • Oana-Cătălina Mocioiu,
  • Irina Atkinson,
  • Ana-Maria Mocioiu,
  • Simona Neagu and ,
  • Robert Ruginescu,
  • Raul-Augustin Mitran and
  • Mădălin Enache
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

7 December 2021

One of the current research objectives is the development of new films for the conservation of glass heritage objects. The value of historical glass objects is given by the technology and raw materials used in production as well as their transparency...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,263 Views
16 Pages

30 August 2022

In 70’s, the extensive studies about the gel science has begun with the discovery of the volume phase transition of gel at the physics department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After the discovery of the volume phase transition of ge...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Chemistry and Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,750 Views
9 Pages

Electromagnetic Properties of Carbon Gels

  • Jimena Castro-Gutiérrez,
  • Edita Palaimiene,
  • Jan Macutkevic,
  • Juras Banys and ,
  • Polina Kuzhir,
  • Sébastien Schaefer,
  • Vanessa Fierro and
  • Alain Celzard
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

10 December 2019

The electromagnetic properties of various carbon gels, produced with different bulk densities, were investigated in a wide frequency range (20 Hz–36 GHz). The values of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity at 129 Hz were found to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,609 Views
13 Pages

8 May 2023

A common problem associated with conventional gel breakers is that they can cause a premature reduction in gel viscosity at high temperatures. To address this, a urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and sulfamic acid (SA) encapsulated polymer gel breaker was...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gels for Oil Drilling and Enhanced Recovery (2nd Edition))
  • Review
  • Open Access
41 Citations
8,884 Views
19 Pages

Novel Gels: An Emerging Approach for Delivering of Therapeutic Molecules and Recent Trends

  • Trideva K. Sastri,
  • Vishal N. Gupta,
  • Souvik Chakraborty,
  • Sharadha Madhusudhan and ,
  • Hitesh Kumar,
  • Pallavi Chand,
  • Vikas Jain,
  • Balamuralidhara Veeranna and
  • Devegowda V. Gowda
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

19 May 2022

Gels are semisolid, homogeneous systems with continuous or discrete therapeutic molecules in a suitable lipophilic or hydrophilic three-dimensional network base. Innovative gel systems possess multipurpose applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Composite Gels)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
7,314 Views
9 Pages

Using Rheology to Understand Transient and Dynamic Gels

  • Simona Bianco,
  • Santanu Panja and
  • Dave J. Adams

18 February 2022

Supramolecular gels can be designed such that pre-determined changes in state occur. For example, systems that go from a solution (sol) state to a gel state and then back to a sol state can be prepared using chemical processes to control the onset an...

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Gel Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,708 Views
30 Pages

1 April 2021

Biomedical applications of thermo-responsive (TR) hydrogels require these materials to be biocompatible, non-cytotoxic, and non-immunogenic. Due to serious concerns regarding potential toxicity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), design of alter...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Gel-Based Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
58 Citations
8,984 Views
15 Pages

Preparation and Characterization of Emulsion Gels from Whole Faba Bean Flour

  • Zhong-Qing Jiang,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Frederick Stoddard,
  • Hannu Salovaara and
  • Tuula Sontag-Strohm

7 June 2020

Faba bean protein has good functionalities, but it is little used in the food industry. This study identified a challenge from unfavourable starch gelation when utilizing faba bean for producing protein-based emulsion gel foods, and developed process...

(This article belongs to the Section Grain)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,208 Views
12 Pages

Mucoadhesive Pharmacology: Latest Clinical Technology in Antiseptic Gels

  • María Baus-Domínguez,
  • Felipe-Rodrigo Aguilera,
  • Fernando Vivancos-Cuadras,
  • Lourdes Ferra-Domingo and ,
  • Daniel Torres-Lagares,
  • José-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez,
  • Tanya Pereira-Riveros,
  • Teresa Vinuesa and
  • María-Ángeles Serrera-Figallo
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

26 December 2023

Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the most widely used antiseptics in the oral cavity due to its high antimicrobial potential. However, many authors have stated that the effect of CHX in nonsurgical periodontal therapy is hampered by its rapid eliminatio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Functional Gels for Biomedical Applications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
36 Citations
9,668 Views
22 Pages

Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Gels: A Review

  • Sérgio R. S. Veloso,
  • Ana G. Azevedo,
  • Paulo F. Teixeira and
  • Célio B. P. Fernandes

14 July 2023

The aim of this article is to review the research conducted in the field of aqueous and polymer composites cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) gels. The experimental techniques employed to characterize the rheological behavior of these materials will be summ...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
8,269 Views
15 Pages

Volume Phase Transitions of Slide-Ring Gels

  • Akinori Bando,
  • Rumiko Kasahara,
  • Kentaro Kayashima,
  • Yasushi Okumura and ,
  • Kazuaki Kato,
  • Yasuhiro Sakai,
  • Hideaki Yokoyama,
  • Yuya Shinohara,
  • Yoshiyuki Amemiya and
  • Kohzo Ito
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

3 June 2016

The volume phase transition of slide-ring gels with freely-movable cross-linking junctions was investigated. Ionic chemical gels with fixed cross-linking junctions undergo volume phase transitions when they have higher than the critical degree of ion...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,975 Views
14 Pages

Biopolymer Gels as a Cleaning System for Differently Featured Wooden Surfaces

  • Chaehoon Lee,
  • Francesca Di Turo,
  • Barbara Vigani,
  • Maduka L. Weththimuni and ,
  • Silvia Rossi,
  • Fabio Beltram,
  • Pasqualantonio Pingue,
  • Maurizio Licchelli,
  • Marco Malagodi and
  • Francesca Volpi
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

22 December 2022

The cleaning of some wooden artefacts can be challenging due to peculiar surface roughness and/or particular finishing treatments that favour the deposition of dirt and contaminants. The most common cleaning system used by conservators is agar gel, c...

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Processing and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
13,752 Views
12 Pages

Effect of Sugars on Gelation Kinetics of Gelatin Gels

  • Pietro Renato Avallone,
  • Martina Romano,
  • Andrea Sarrica,
  • Marco Delmonte and ,
  • Rossana Pasquino and
  • Nino Grizzuti
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

6 May 2022

We investigate the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions containing animal gelatin, sugars and polyols. The aim is to study how the gelation kinetics, transition temperatures and gel strengths of an aqueous gelatin solution can be affected by the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,383 Views
20 Pages

Tensile Modeling PVC Gels for Electrohydraulic Actuators

  • John Albert Faccinto,
  • Jongcheol Lee and
  • Kwang J. Kim

30 September 2025

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-dibutyl adipate (DBA) gels are a fascinating dielectric elastomer actuator showing promise in soft robotics. When actuated with high voltages, the gel deforms towards the anode. A recent application of PVC gels in electrohydr...

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
  • Tutorial
  • Open Access
46 Citations
7,227 Views
17 Pages

24 July 2021

The objective of this article is to introduce the readers to the field of polyelectrolyte gels. These materials are common in living systems and have great importance in many biomedical and industrial applications. In the first part of this paper, we...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Gels)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,226 Views
14 Pages

Characterization and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Pregabalin Gels for Oral Application

  • Gabriela Monteiro Barbosa Xavier,
  • Lindalva Maria de Meneses Costa Ferreira,
  • Marcele Fonseca Passos,
  • Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues and ,
  • Felipe Tuji de Castro Franco,
  • Cecy Martins Silva,
  • José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior,
  • Roseane Maria Ribeiro-Costa and
  • Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira Araújo
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

4 September 2024

The efficacy of pregabalin in pain treatment has led to the search for new formulations for its use through different routes of administration. This study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the cytotoxicity of pregabalin (PG) gels for topic...

(This article belongs to the Topic Research in Pharmacological Therapies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
15,297 Views
8 Pages

Maize Arabinoxylan Gels as Protein Delivery Matrices

  • Claudia M. Berlanga-Reyes,
  • Elizabeth Carvajal-Millán,
  • Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza,
  • Agustin Rascón-Chu and ,
  • Jorge A. Marquez-Escalante and
  • Ana Luisa Martínez-López
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

8 April 2009

The laccase induced gelation of maize bran arabinoxylans at 2.5% (w/v) in the presence of insulin or β-lactoglobulin at 0.1% (w/v) was investigated. Insulin and β-lacto-globulin did not modify either the gel elasticity (9 Pa) or the cross-links conte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
390 Views
19 Pages

Plasticity and the Transition from Physical Gels to Yielding Liquids

  • Alexander Ya. Malkin,
  • Svetlana R. Derkach and
  • Vlada V. Bordiyan

3 August 2026

This study examines the possibility of plastic deformation in low-modulus gels and yielding liquids. The model systems were a gelatin-sodium alginate hydrogel and the same gel filled with nanoscale zinc oxide particles. The experiments involved short...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Analysis and Characterization)
  • Review
  • Open Access
102 Citations
19,374 Views
27 Pages

17 February 2023

Polymer gels are a valuable class of polymeric materials that have recently attracted significant interest due to the exceptional properties such as versatility, soft-structure, flexibility and stimuli-responsive, biodegradability, and biocompatibili...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Analysis and Characterization)
  • Review
  • Open Access
200 Citations
18,409 Views
37 Pages

Functional Stimuli-Responsive Gels: Hydrogels and Microgels

  • Coro Echeverria,
  • Susete N. Fernandes,
  • Maria H. Godinho,
  • João Paulo Borges and
  • Paula I. P. Soares

12 June 2018

One strategy that has gained much attention in the last decades is the understanding and further mimicking of structures and behaviours found in nature, as inspiration to develop materials with additional functionalities. This review presents recent...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stimuli-Responsive Gels)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,803 Views
18 Pages

Evaluation of Enzyme Agarose Gels for Cleaning Complex Substrates in Cultural Heritage

  • Mattia Morlotti,
  • Fabio Forlani,
  • Ilaria Saccani and
  • Antonio Sansonetti

22 December 2023

This study starts from the need to remove a mix of proteins, oils and natural resin, called beverone in the Italian literature, from the back of canvas paintings. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of two different aga...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gels and Eco-Materials Used for Heritage Conservation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
1,351 Views
18 Pages

Gel Characteristics and Digestion of Composite Protein Emulsion-Filled Gels with Varying Soy and Whey Protein Ratios in the Matrix

  • Qiuyan Liu,
  • Georgina Benewaa Yeboah,
  • Sen Wang,
  • Haowei Zhang and ,
  • Juan Wu,
  • Qingling Wang and
  • Yu Cheng
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

31 December 2025

The effect of mixed soy and whey protein in the matrix on properties and digestion characteristics of emulsion-filled gels was investigated. Different matrix protein concentrations (8–14%) with a composite soy and whey protein (SW) ratio of 5:5...

(This article belongs to the Section Gel Applications)

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