Micro- and Nano-Structured Biopolymer Materials for Biomedical, Environmental, and Sustainable Applications

A special issue of Micro (ISSN 2673-8023). This special issue belongs to the section "Microscale Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1184

Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (DIPA), Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
Interests: sustainability; food science and technology; biopolymers; nano-structured materials; agro-industrial waste valorization; circular economy; green processing technologies; bioactive compounds; antioxidant activity; encapsulation; controlled release systems; active and intelligent food packaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (DIPA), Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
Interests: biopolymers; nano- and micro-materials; agricultural and food applications of biopolymers; physical and chemical characterization; rheological properties of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (DIPA), Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
Interests: nanotechnology; materials characterization; food packaging; drug encapsulation; rheology; agri-food by-products; biopolymer-based nano-structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The properties and performance of biopolymer-based materials are strongly influenced by their structure and organization at the micro- and nano-scale. Advances in micro- and nano-structuring strategies—such as self-assembly, nano-scale reinforcement, surface patterning, and hierarchical design—enable precise control over biopolymer morphology and interfacial behavior. Structural control at small-length scales is critical for tailoring mechanical performance, transport processes, and interactions with biological and environmental systems.

This Special Issue will focus on recent advances in the design, fabrication, characterization, and application of micro- and nano-structured biopolymer materials for biomedical, environmental, and sustainable technologies. It will highlight innovative approaches to developing functional biopolymers, nanocomposites, and hierarchical structures with enhanced mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties. We seek contributions that cover green processing methods, renewable resources and waste valorization, and the incorporation of bioactive components for applications such as controlled release systems, tissue engineering, active and intelligent packaging, environmental remediation, and circular-economy-oriented technologies. Overall, this Special Issue aims to advance the use of sustainable biopolymer materials to address current challenges in health, environmental protection, and technological innovation.

Dr. José Agustín Tapia Hernández
Prof. Dr. Carlos Gregorio Barreras-Urbina
Dr. Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • micro- and nano-structured biopolymers
  • bio-based polymers and sustainable composites
  • green synthesis and processing
  • biopolymer nanocomposites and hybrids
  • encapsulation and controlled release
  • biomedical and packaging applications
  • agro-industrial waste valorization
  • circular economy biopolymer materials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 12478 KB  
Article
Depth Distribution of Microplastics Contamination and Associated Risks in Homestead Farming Soils from Industrial and Non-Industrial Regions of Bangladesh
by Afia Sultana, Qingyue Wang, Miho Suzuki, Christian Ebere Enyoh, Md. Sohel Rana, Weiqian Wang and Anunobi Chinazo Ndidiamaka
Micro 2026, 6(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/micro6020042 - 4 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination in terrestrial ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental concern, particularly in agricultural soils influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the depth-wise distribution, polymer composition, and associated ecological and human health risks of MPs in homestead agricultural soils across [...] Read more.
Microplastic (MP) contamination in terrestrial ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental concern, particularly in agricultural soils influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the depth-wise distribution, polymer composition, and associated ecological and human health risks of MPs in homestead agricultural soils across four regions of Bangladesh representing different levels of industrialization: Narayanganj (old industrial), Savar (moderate industrial), Gazipur (emerging industrial), and Mymensingh (non-industrial). Soil samples were collected from two depth intervals (0–20 cm and 21–50 cm), and MPs were extracted using density separation, identified through microscopic analysis, and characterized via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. A diverse range of MP morphologies and polymers was detected, with irregular particles and fragments dominating the composition. Polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the most abundant polymers, reflecting widespread domestic, industrial, and agricultural plastic usage. MP abundance was consistently higher in surface soils, indicating dominant surface inputs, although vertical migration into subsoil layers was evident. Spatial analysis revealed higher MP contamination in industrial regions, particularly Narayanganj and Savar, compared to the non-industrial reference site. Ecological risk assessment indicated low risk levels across all regions; however, significant spatial variability was observed. Human exposure assessment demonstrated that inhalation was the primary pathway, followed by dermal contact and ingestion, with children exhibiting higher exposure levels than adults. Lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and carcinogenic risk estimates remained below acceptable thresholds, suggesting minimal immediate health risks. Nevertheless, the persistence, mobility, and cumulative nature of MPs highlight potential long-term concerns. Therefore, this study provides comprehensive insights into the sources, distribution, and risks of MPs in homestead agricultural soils and underscores the need for improved waste management practices, sustainable agricultural strategies, and long-term monitoring to mitigate environmental and human health impacts. Full article
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13 pages, 20962 KB  
Article
Polygalacturonic Acid Gels and Supramolecular Gels Loaded with a Drug, Bioceramics and Bioglass
by Rebecca Sikkema and Igor Zhitomirsky
Micro 2026, 6(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/micro6020041 - 2 Jun 2026
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Abstract
This investigation addressed challenges in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs, and the colloidal processing of polymer–ceramic composites by fabrication of advanced supramolecular hydrogels. Polygalacturonic acid (PGA) polymer and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) drug, both characterized by poor aqueous solubility, were selected as model [...] Read more.
This investigation addressed challenges in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs, and the colloidal processing of polymer–ceramic composites by fabrication of advanced supramolecular hydrogels. Polygalacturonic acid (PGA) polymer and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) drug, both characterized by poor aqueous solubility, were selected as model building blocks for supramolecular hydrogels. Meglumine (MG) served as a multifunctional component in the gels, acting as a building block as well as an alkalizing and solubilizing agent for PGA and GA. Investigations revealed gel formation mechanisms, which were based on the electrostatic interactions of deprotonated anionic carboxylic groups of PGA and GA with protonated amino groups of MG and the hydrogen bonding of PGA polymer and GA molecules. The feasibility of the fabrication of PGA-MG and GA-MG gels opened an avenue for the fabrication of PGA-GA-MG gels. The composite gels provided a platform for drug delivery, and the kinetics of drug release from the composite gels containing MG excipient were investigated. Composite gels were obtained from colloidal dispersions, containing bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite, silica, and titania, and bioglass in the PGA solutions in the presence of MG. The results of this investigation pave the way for the fabrication of novel supramolecular and composite gels loaded with various functional materials. Full article
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