Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
9.2
4.8
Journals
Nutrients
Editor’s Choice
nutrients-logo

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Editor’s Choice Articles

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
10 pages, 278 KiB  
Review
Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review
by Paige K. Berger, Margaret L. Ong, Lars Bode and Mandy B. Belfort
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030719 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6815
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to synthesize the literature on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in human milk-fed infants. We conducted a scoping review of the literature indexed in PubMed reporting observational or interventional studies on HMO exposure in [...] Read more.
The objective of this narrative review was to synthesize the literature on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in human milk-fed infants. We conducted a scoping review of the literature indexed in PubMed reporting observational or interventional studies on HMO exposure in relation to psychometric measures in infants. Studies were characterized based on study design and definitions of HMO exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Six studies were identified; all were observational in design, and five were conducted in full-term infants. Sample sizes ranged from 35–659 infants. HMOs were defined as individual concentrations or relative abundances assessed at 1 and/or 6 months of age. Studies accounted for differences in HMO exposure based on maternal secretor status. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed between 6 and 24 months of age and included four domains. Studies in full-term infants reported that total and individual fucosylated and sialylated HMOs were positively associated with cognitive, language, and motor skill domains between 18 and 24 months of age, while the single study in preterm infants reported no statistically significant findings in the full cohort. The presence of a maternal secretor did not consistently alter the associations between HMO exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Emerging evidence from observational studies suggests that HMO exposure may be beneficial for neurodevelopment in infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Milk Feeding: Health and Nutrition for Term and Preterm Newborns—What’s New?)
15 pages, 2505 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Iron Deficiency on the Gut Microbiota in Women of Childbearing Age
by Hoonhee Seo, Seug Yun Yoon, Asad ul-Haq, Sujin Jo, Sukyung Kim, Md Abdur Rahim, Hyun-A Park, Fatemeh Ghorbanian, Min Jung Kim, Min-Young Lee, Kyoung Ha Kim, Namsu Lee, Jong-Ho Won and Ho-Yeon Song
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030691 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5416
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent and common nutritional deficiency worldwide and is a global health problem with significant risk, particularly among women of reproductive age. Oral iron supplementation is the most widely used and cost-effective treatment for iron deficiency and [...] Read more.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent and common nutritional deficiency worldwide and is a global health problem with significant risk, particularly among women of reproductive age. Oral iron supplementation is the most widely used and cost-effective treatment for iron deficiency and IDA. However, there are limitations regarding side effects such as enteritis, treatment compliance, and bioavailability. Intestinal microbiome characteristic research has been recently conducted to overcome these issues, but more is needed. Against this background, a metagenomics study on the 16S gene in the feces of young women vulnerable to IDA was conducted. As a result of analyzing 16 normal subjects and 15 IDA patients, significant differences in bacterial community distribution were identified. In particular, a significant decrease in Faecalibacterium was characteristic in IDA patients compared with normal subjects. Furthermore, in the case of patients who recovered from IDA following iron supplementation treatment, it was confirmed that Faecalibacterium significantly recovered to normal levels. However, no significance in beta diversity was seen compared with before treatment. There were also no differences in the beta diversity results between the recovered and normal subjects. Therefore, intestinal dysbiosis during the disease state was considered to be restored as IDA improved. Although the results were derived from a limited number of subjects and additional research is needed, the results of this study are expected to be the basis for developing treatment and prevention strategies based on host–microbiome crosstalk in IDA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Gut Microbiota in Human Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 464 KiB  
Review
Modern Diets and the Health of Our Planet: An Investigation into the Environmental Impacts of Food Choices
by Kiera A. Dixon, Malia K. Michelsen and Catherine L. Carpenter
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030692 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 20888
Abstract
Popular modern diets are often seen as a panacea for improving health and promoting weight reduction. While there is a large body of literature reporting the health benefits of popular diets, few studies have described their planetary benefits. Our investigation aims to evaluate [...] Read more.
Popular modern diets are often seen as a panacea for improving health and promoting weight reduction. While there is a large body of literature reporting the health benefits of popular diets, few studies have described their planetary benefits. Our investigation aims to evaluate the simultaneous impacts of six popular diets within the United States on both human and planetary health. Using carbon footprint databases and representative meal plans, the environmental and health-related impacts of the Standard American, Mediterranean, vegan, paleo, keto, and climatarian diets are compared using the currently available literature. Results indicate that diets that exhibit lower carbon footprints also have positive effects on human health. The diets found to have the lowest environmental impacts were the vegan, climatarian, and Mediterranean diets. These low-carbon-footprint diets can likely be attributed to a reduced reliance on ruminant meat (cattle and sheep) and processed food consumption, while diets with high carbon footprints are more dependent on ruminant meat and saturated fat. Moderate consumption of meats such as chicken, pork, and fish in conjunction with an emphasis on locally grown fruits and vegetables can be maintained without adversely affecting the planetary carbon footprint and with the added benefit of promoting good health. Thus, making simple substitutions within each individual’s diet can be advertised as an effective approach to collectively lower the environmental impact in tandem with improving health and longevity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 374 KiB  
Review
Guidelines for Preventing and Treating Vitamin D Deficiency: A 2023 Update in Poland
by Paweł Płudowski, Beata Kos-Kudła, Mieczysław Walczak, Andrzej Fal, Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, Piotr Sieroszewski, Jarosław Peregud-Pogorzelski, Ryszard Lauterbach, Tomasz Targowski, Andrzej Lewiński, Robert Spaczyński, Mirosław Wielgoś, Jarosław Pinkas, Teresa Jackowska, Ewa Helwich, Artur Mazur, Marek Ruchała, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Mieczysław Szalecki, Artur Bossowski, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Marek Wójcik, Beata Pyrżak, Michał A. Żmijewski, Paweł Abramowicz, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Andrius Bleizgys, Spirydon N. Karras, William B. Grant, Carsten Carlberg, Stefan Pilz, Michael F. Holick and Waldemar Misiorowskiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030695 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 136 | Viewed by 48483
Abstract
Introduction: All epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Polish general population. Since vitamin D deficiency was shown to be among the risk factors for many diseases and for all-cause mortality, concern about this problem led us to update [...] Read more.
Introduction: All epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Polish general population. Since vitamin D deficiency was shown to be among the risk factors for many diseases and for all-cause mortality, concern about this problem led us to update the previous Polish recommendations. Methods: After reviewing the epidemiological evidence, case-control studies and randomized control trials (RCTs), a Polish multidisciplinary group formulated questions on the recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency both for the general population and for the risk groups of patients. The scientific evidence of pleiotropic effects of vitamin D as well as the results of panelists’ voting were reviewed and discussed. Thirty-four authors representing different areas of expertise prepared position statements. The consensus group, representing eight Polish/international medical societies and eight national specialist consultants, prepared the final Polish recommendations. Results: Based on networking discussions, the ranges of total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration indicating vitamin D deficiency [<20 ng/mL (<50 nmol/L)], suboptimal status [20–30 ng/mL (50–75 nmol/L)], and optimal concentration [30–50 ng/mL (75–125 nmol/L)] were confirmed. Practical guidelines for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) as the first choice for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency were developed. Calcifediol dosing as the second choice for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency was introduced. Conclusions: Improving the vitamin D status of the general population and treatment of risk groups of patients must be again announced as healthcare policy to reduce a risk of spectrum of diseases. This paper offers consensus statements on prophylaxis and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency in Poland. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pleiotropic Actions of Vitamin D: Proceedings from the 6th International Conference “Vitamin D—Minimum, Maximum, Optimum”)
16 pages, 2462 KiB  
Article
The Assessment of Body Composition and Nutritional Awareness of Football Players According to Age
by Wiktoria Staśkiewicz, Elżbieta Grochowska-Niedworok, Grzegorz Zydek, Mateusz Grajek, Karolina Krupa-Kotara, Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa, Sylwia Jaruga-Sękowska, Oskar Kowalski and Marek Kardas
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030705 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5270
Abstract
The optimal body composition for health is an individual trait and is determined by genetic factors, sex, age, somatotype, physical activity, and individual variability. The present study aims to assess how professional football players’ body composition has changed over the training macrocycle in [...] Read more.
The optimal body composition for health is an individual trait and is determined by genetic factors, sex, age, somatotype, physical activity, and individual variability. The present study aims to assess how professional football players’ body composition has changed over the training macrocycle in various age groups and to determine the correlation between nutritional awareness and body composition maintenance. Thirty-eight football players participated in the study, with 16 players classified in the younger age group (19–25) and 22 in the older age group (26–31). Using the direct segmented multi-frequency electrical impedance analysis technique, the athletes’ body composition was assessed six times across a training macrocycle made up of preparatory, competitive, and transitional periods. The Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire was used to evaluate nutrition knowledge. The above correlations show that both younger and older athletes with higher awareness are better able to adjust their nutrition to meet the goals of the preparation period and can achieve greater gains in muscle mass and greater reductions in body fat. According to the study’s results, athletes who are better conscious of their nutritional needs during competition experience less muscle loss and exhibit more consistent body weight and BMI levels. Football players’ body composition suffers detrimental alterations throughout the transition period. Higher body mass, lean body mass content, and skeletal muscle mass are traits of older players. Higher nutritional knowledge reduces the negative modifications of body composition consisting of muscle mass reduction and fat gain. Nutritional knowledge influences the stability of body composition in both age groups during all the analyzed periods: Preparation, competition, and transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sports Nutrition)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 1679 KiB  
Article
Dark Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Supplementation Reduced Blood Pressure and Pro-Inflammatory Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) in Obese Adults without Affecting Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels and Liver Enzymes
by Shirley Arbizu, Susanne U. Mertens-Talcott, Stephen Talcott and Giuliana D. Noratto
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030681 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4022
Abstract
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = [...] Read more.
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30–40 kg/m2) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (p = 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (p = 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 383 KiB  
Review
The Assessment of the Risk of Malnutrition (Undernutrition) in Stroke Patients
by Olivia Di Vincenzo, Maria Luisa Eliana Luisi, Paola Alicante, Giada Ballarin, Barbara Biffi, Chiara Francesca Gheri and Luca Scalfi
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030683 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 7340
Abstract
Malnutrition is common in stroke patients, as it is associated with neurological and cognitive impairment as well as clinical outcomes. Nutritional screening is a process with which to categorize the risk of malnutrition (i.e., nutritional risk) based on validated tools/procedures, which need to [...] Read more.
Malnutrition is common in stroke patients, as it is associated with neurological and cognitive impairment as well as clinical outcomes. Nutritional screening is a process with which to categorize the risk of malnutrition (i.e., nutritional risk) based on validated tools/procedures, which need to be rapid, simple, cost-effective, and reliable in the clinical setting. This review focuses on the tools/procedures used in stroke patients to assess nutritional risk, with a particular focus on their relationships with patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes. Different screening tools/procedures have been used in stroke patients, which have shown varying prevalence in terms of nutritional risk (higher in rehabilitation units) and significant relationships with clinical outcomes in the short- and long term, such as infection, disability, and mortality. Indeed, there have been few attempts to compare the usefulness and reliability of the different tools/procedures. More evidence is needed to identify appropriate approaches to assessing nutritional risk among stroke patients in the acute and sub-acute phase of disease or during rehabilitation; to evaluate the impact of nutritional treatment on the risk of malnutrition during hospital stay or rehabilitation unit; and to include nutritional screening in well-defined nutritional care protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Post-stroke Subjects during Rehabilitation)
13 pages, 1858 KiB  
Article
Extract from Sea Buckthorn Seeds—A Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Hemostasis Study; Effect of Thermal Processing on Its Chemical Content and Biological Activity In Vitro
by Natalia Sławińska, Jerzy Żuchowski, Anna Stochmal and Beata Olas
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030686 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4665
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a small tree, valued for its medicinal properties throughout the ages. Sea buckthorn berries and leaves are a known source of phytochemicals and have been used in the treatment of inflammation, oedema, hypertension, ulcers, and wounds [...] Read more.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a small tree, valued for its medicinal properties throughout the ages. Sea buckthorn berries and leaves are a known source of phytochemicals and have been used in the treatment of inflammation, oedema, hypertension, ulcers, and wounds in folk medicine. Sea buckthorn seeds are natural dietary sources of various bioactive compounds as well, but the number of studies on their content and biological properties is still insufficient. For the first time, we examined the phytochemical content and biological activity of sea buckthorn seeds in vitro. We have studied the effect of two extracts—from regular (no thermal processing) and roasted (thermally processed) sea buckthorn seeds—on the levels of oxidative stress induced by H2O2/Fe2+ in plasma, coagulation times, and white thrombus formation (measured by Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System—T-TAS). We observed that sea buckthorn seeds contain diverse flavonoids, mostly glycosides of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin, as well as smaller amounts of proanthocyanidins and catechin, triterpenoid saponins, and a number of unidentified polar and hydrophobic compounds. Both extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, but only the extract from roasted seeds decreased oxidation of thiol groups in plasma treated with H2O2/Fe2+. They did not alter coagulation times, but the extract from roasted seeds at the highest concentration (50 µg/mL) prolonged the time needed for white thrombus formation. The results indicate that sea buckthorn seeds have antioxidant activity that is not impaired by thermal processing and possess anticoagulant potential, but more research is needed in order to ascertain which compounds are responsible for these effects, especially in in vivo models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Benefits of Bioactive Natural Constituents — Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 749 KiB  
Review
Supplementation with Nitric Oxide Precursors for Strength Performance: A Review of the Current Literature
by Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Anthony G. Pinzone and Jay R. Hoffman
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030660 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 15413
Abstract
Nitric-oxide-stimulating dietary supplements are widely available and marketed to strength athletes and weightlifters seeking to increase muscle performance and augment training adaptations. These supplements contain ingredients classified as nitric oxide (NO) precursors (i.e., “NO boosters”). Endogenous NO is generated via a nitric oxide [...] Read more.
Nitric-oxide-stimulating dietary supplements are widely available and marketed to strength athletes and weightlifters seeking to increase muscle performance and augment training adaptations. These supplements contain ingredients classified as nitric oxide (NO) precursors (i.e., “NO boosters”). Endogenous NO is generated via a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent pathway and a NOS-independent pathway that rely on precursors including L-arginine and nitrates, with L-citrulline serving as an effective precursor of L-arginine. Nitric oxide plays a critical role in endothelial function, promoting relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and subsequent dilation which may favorably impact blood flow and augment mechanisms contributing to skeletal muscle performance, hypertrophy, and strength adaptations. The aim of this review is to describe the NO production pathways and summarize the current literature on the effects of supplementation with NO precursors for strength and power performance. The information will allow for an informed decision when considering the use of L-arginine, L-citrulline, and nitrates to improve muscular function by increasing NO bioavailability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Intervention for Competitive Athletes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 276 KiB  
Review
Current Nutritional Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Improving Clinical Remission Rates and Sustainability of Long-Term Dietary Therapies
by Elizabeth A. Reznikov and David L. Suskind
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030668 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 8724
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) includes a spectrum of chronic immune-mediated intestinal diseases thought to be related to the complex interaction between the host immune system and the intestinal microbiome. Research supports the use of nutritional therapy in IBD; however, it is not routinely [...] Read more.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) includes a spectrum of chronic immune-mediated intestinal diseases thought to be related to the complex interaction between the host immune system and the intestinal microbiome. Research supports the use of nutritional therapy in IBD; however, it is not routinely used in clinical practice. This literature review seeks to advance the understanding of diet and its effect in IBD with a focus on both Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The contribution of diet to the development and treatment of IBD cannot be overstated. In both pediatric as well as adult IBD, nutritional interventions have been shown to improve clinical symptoms as well as inflammatory burden. The impact of dietary intervention is best exemplified through the use of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) in CD. EEN and clinical research on exclusionary whole food diets—Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD), low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet, and Mediterranean Diet—are discussed within this review. Current clinical literature supports the elimination of detrimental components and the incorporation of low processed whole foods in the diet. Additional prospective and longitudinal dietary studies on sustainable and long-term dietary options, along with a deeper understanding of the mechanism, are needed to further advance the role of nutritional interventions in IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) and Diet: New Highlights and Triggers)
15 pages, 728 KiB  
Article
Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Nudges versus Usual Care in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the MADEIRA Randomized Controlled Trial
by Panos Papandreou, Aristea Gioxari, Efstratia Daskalou, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Maria Skouroliakou and Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030676 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7107
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diet quality and nutritional status have been shown to impact the disease activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory regime to improve disease status and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Mediterranean DiEt In [...] Read more.
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diet quality and nutritional status have been shown to impact the disease activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory regime to improve disease status and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Mediterranean DiEt In Rheumatoid Arthritis (MADEIRA) was a single-blind (statistician), two-arm randomized clinical trial, investigating the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention, including a personalized isocaloric MD plan with the promotion of physical activity (PA), supported through a clinical decision support systems (CDSS) platform, versus usual care in women with RA. Forty adult women with RA on remission were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either the intervention or the control arm. The intervention group received personalized MD plans and lifestyle consultation on improving PA levels, whereas the controls were given generic dietary and PA advice, based on the National Dietary Guidelines. The primary outcome was that the difference in the MD adherence and secondary outcomes included change in disease activity (DAS28), anthropometric indices (BodPod), dietary intake, PA, vitamin D concentrations, and blood lipid profiles after 12 weeks from the initiation of the trial. At 3 months post-baseline, participants in the MD arm exhibited greater adherence to the MD compared with the controls (p < 0.001), lower DAS28 (p < 0.001), favorable improvements in dietary intake (p = 0.001), PA (p = 0.002), body weight and body composition (p < 0.001), blood glucose (p = 0.005), and serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations (p < 0.001). The delivery of the MD and PA promotion through CDSS nudges in women with RA in an intensive manner improves the MD adherence and is associated with beneficial results regarding disease activity and cardiometabolic-related outcomes, compared with the usual care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrition in Healthy and Unhealthy Immune System)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

38 pages, 1540 KiB  
Review
New Advances in Metabolic Syndrome, from Prevention to Treatment: The Role of Diet and Food
by Donatella Ambroselli, Fabrizio Masciulli, Enrico Romano, Giuseppina Catanzaro, Zein Mersini Besharat, Maria Chiara Massari, Elisabetta Ferretti, Silvia Migliaccio, Luana Izzo, Alberto Ritieni, Michela Grosso, Caterina Formichi, Francesco Dotta, Francesco Frigerio, Eleonora Barbiera, Anna Maria Giusti, Cinzia Ingallina and Luisa Mannina
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030640 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 90 | Viewed by 18195
Abstract
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead [...] Read more.
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead to elevated cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the complications closely related to MetS are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been observed that the predisposition to metabolic syndrome is modulated by complex interactions between human microbiota, genetic factors, and diet. This review provides a summary of the last decade of literature related to three principal aspects of MetS: (i) the syndrome’s definition and classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches; (ii) prediction and diagnosis underlying the biomarkers identified by means of advanced methodologies (NMR, LC/GC-MS, and LC, LC-MS); and (iii) the role of foods and food components in prevention and/or treatment of MetS, demonstrating a possible role of specific foods intake in the development of MetS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 856 KiB  
Article
Expert Consensus on Morphofunctional Assessment in Disease-Related Malnutrition. Grade Review and Delphi Study
by José Manuel García-Almeida, Cristina García-García, María D. Ballesteros-Pomar, Gabriel Olveira, Juan J. Lopez-Gomez, Virginia Bellido, Irene Bretón Lesmes, Rosa Burgos, Alejandro Sanz-Paris, Pilar Matia-Martin, Francisco Botella Romero, Julia Ocon Breton, Ana Zugasti Murillo and Diego Bellido
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030612 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4851
Abstract
Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) affects approximately a third of hospitalized patients and is associated with an increased risk of morbimortality. However, DRM is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Our aim is to evaluate the prognostic value of morphofunctional tools and tests for nutritional assessment in [...] Read more.
Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) affects approximately a third of hospitalized patients and is associated with an increased risk of morbimortality. However, DRM is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Our aim is to evaluate the prognostic value of morphofunctional tools and tests for nutritional assessment in clinical practice. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies relating to the morphofunctional assessment of nutritional status and mortality or complications. Evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) method. Twelve GRADE recommendations were made and divided into seven topics: food intake and nutrient assimilation, anthropometry, biochemical analysis, hand grip strength, phase angle, muscle imaging, and functional status and quality of life. From these recommendations, 37 statements were developed and scored in a two-survey Delphi method by 183 experts. A consensus was reached on accepting 26/37 statements. Surveys had high internal consistency and high inter-rater reliability. In conclusion, evidence-based recommendations were made on the prognostic value of morphofunctional assessment tools and tests to assess malnutrition, most of which were found to be feasible in routine clinical practice, according to expert opinions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 268 KiB  
Review
Infantile Colic and Long-Term Outcomes in Childhood: A Narrative Synthesis of the Evidence
by Flavia Indrio, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Ruggiero Francavilla, Hania Szajewska and Yvan Vandenplas
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030615 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5135
Abstract
About 1 in 4 infants comes forward with prolonged crying, agitation, or infant colic (IC) during the first three months of life and is referred for medical evaluation. The pathogenesis remains poorly understood, as do its implications for future health. The aim of [...] Read more.
About 1 in 4 infants comes forward with prolonged crying, agitation, or infant colic (IC) during the first three months of life and is referred for medical evaluation. The pathogenesis remains poorly understood, as do its implications for future health. The aim of this narrative review was to critically examine and discuss the available literature on long-term consequences of excessive crying and/or colic. Most studies display an association between IC and the onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) years later, probably related to the presence of common etiopathogenetic factors (environmental, dietary, intestinal dysmotility, visceral hypersensitivity). Although allergic disease in first-degree relatives may be a risk factor for IC, the latter does not appear to be a risk factor for subsequent atopic disease in the individual. Overall, there seems to be a relationship between IC and subsequent headaches, of the migraine type. Similarly, behavioral problems in children with a history of IC appear to be associated with higher parental stress scores. However, the current evidence is based on associations, and currently, a causal relationship between excessive crying and IC and long-term consequences remains not documented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Cow’s Milk Allergy: New Developments)
34 pages, 5866 KiB  
Review
Microplastics: A Real Global Threat for Environment and Food Safety: A State of the Art Review
by Khaled Ziani, Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican, Magdalena Mititelu, Sorinel Marius Neacșu, Carolina Negrei, Elena Moroșan, Doina Drăgănescu and Olivia-Teodora Preda
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030617 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 223 | Viewed by 36848
Abstract
Microplastics are small plastic particles that come from the degradation of plastics, ubiquitous in nature and therefore affect both wildlife and humans. They have been detected in many marine species, but also in drinking water and in numerous foods, such as salt, honey [...] Read more.
Microplastics are small plastic particles that come from the degradation of plastics, ubiquitous in nature and therefore affect both wildlife and humans. They have been detected in many marine species, but also in drinking water and in numerous foods, such as salt, honey and marine organisms. Exposure to microplastics can also occur through inhaled air. Data from animal studies have shown that once absorbed, plastic micro- and nanoparticles can distribute to the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus, reproductive organs, kidneys and even the brain (crosses the blood–brain barrier). In addition, microplastics are transport operators of persistent organic pollutants or heavy metals from invertebrate organisms to other higher trophic levels. After ingestion, the additives and monomers in their composition can interfere with important biological processes in the human body and can cause disruption of the endocrine, immune system; can have a negative impact on mobility, reproduction and development; and can cause carcinogenesis. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has affected not only human health and national economies but also the environment, due to the large volume of waste in the form of discarded personal protective equipment. The remarkable increase in global use of face masks, which mainly contain polypropylene, and poor waste management have led to worsening microplastic pollution, and the long-term consequences can be extremely devastating if urgent action is not taken. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 687 KiB  
Article
Dietary Factors and Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study
by Xuemin Wang, Dylan M. Glubb and Tracy A. O’Mara
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030603 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 9026
Abstract
Given the strong association between obesity and endometrial cancer risk, dietary factors may play an important role in the development of this cancer. However, observational studies of micro- and macronutrients and their role in endometrial cancer risk have been inconsistent. Clarifying these relationships [...] Read more.
Given the strong association between obesity and endometrial cancer risk, dietary factors may play an important role in the development of this cancer. However, observational studies of micro- and macronutrients and their role in endometrial cancer risk have been inconsistent. Clarifying these relationships are important to develop nutritional recommendations for cancer prevention. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the effects of circulating levels of 15 micronutrients (vitamin A (retinol), folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, β-carotene, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc) as well as corrected relative macronutrient intake (protein, carbohydrate, sugar and fat) on risks of endometrial cancer and its subtypes (endometrioid and non-endometrioid histologies). Genetically predicted vitamin C levels were found to be strongly associated with endometrial cancer risk. There was some evidence that genetically predicted relative intake of macronutrients (carbohydrate, sugar and fat) affects endometrial cancer risk. No other significant association were observed. Conclusions: In summary, these findings suggest that vitamin C and macronutrients influence endometrial cancer risk but further investigation is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Nutrition in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 3104 KiB  
Article
Congruence between Physical Activity Patterns and Dietary Patterns Inferred from Analysis of Sex Differences in Lifestyle Behaviors of Late Adolescents from Poland: Cophylogenetic Approach
by Jarosław Domaradzki
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030608 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2847
Abstract
Global trends toward physical inactivity and the replacement of healthy dietary behaviors with unhealthy food consumption, particularly in late adolescence, were commonly observed. Thus, the aim of this work was twofold: (1) to examine congruence between PAPs and DPs by identifying sex differences [...] Read more.
Global trends toward physical inactivity and the replacement of healthy dietary behaviors with unhealthy food consumption, particularly in late adolescence, were commonly observed. Thus, the aim of this work was twofold: (1) to examine congruence between PAPs and DPs by identifying sex differences in healthy and unhealthy behaviors and (2) to assess the explanation behind why certain participants were classified into clusters using BMI and fat mass covariates. Late adolescents (19–21 years of age, n = 107) were selected to study. PAPs and DPs were assessed with questionnaires (IPAQ, QEB) and body height, weight, and fat mass percentage were self-reported (the accuracy and reliability of self-reported data were empirically verified). A cophylogenetic approach with several clustering procedures (heatmaps and tanglegrams) was the way to solve the stated problems. Results showed that students achieved the minimal level of physical activity, lower than students from other regions in Poland, Czech Republic, or Germany. There was congruence between PAPs and DPs in some males’ and females’ behaviors. Significant similarities in sex patterns of behaviors were revealed (Mantel tests–PAPs: r = 0.70, p < 0.001; DPs: r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Similarities in PAPs were related to transportation cycling and school/work activities behaviors. Non-healthy triads in dietary behaviors were found: fast-food, sweetened beverages, and alcoholic drinks in the first, and sweets, fried meals, and yellow cheese in the second. One healthy diad was revealed: vegetables and fruits. Only females’ dietary behaviors were reflected in body mass index (F = 3.19, p = 0.049), percentage of body fat (F = 3.87, p = 0.027), and fat mass index (F = 3.83, p = 0.028). The usefulness of the cophenetic approach in patterns study was verified. Sex similarities and specific disparities could help preparing targeted tailored intervention programs that improve healthy habits in late adolescents. This is especially important in relation to females, who more strongly reflected dietary behaviors in body composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 1815 KiB  
Review
Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts
by John Gubatan, Chiraag V. Kulkarni, Sarah Melissa Talamantes, Michelle Temby, Touran Fardeen and Sidhartha R. Sinha
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030579 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 12282
Abstract
Diet is intimately linked to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has potent effects on intestinal immune homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The therapeutic implications of diet in patients with IBD have received significant attention [...] Read more.
Diet is intimately linked to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has potent effects on intestinal immune homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The therapeutic implications of diet in patients with IBD have received significant attention in recent years. In this review, we provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of dietary exposures and interventions in IBD. Epidemiological studies suggest that ultra-processed foods, food additives, and emulsifiers are associated with a higher incidence of IBD. Exclusion and elimination diets are associated with improved symptoms in patients with IBD, but no effects on objective markers of inflammation. Specific dietary interventions (e.g., Mediterranean, specific carbohydrate, high fiber, ketogenic, anti-inflammatory diets) have been shown to reduce symptoms, improve inflammatory biomarkers, and quality of life metrics to varying degrees, but these studies are limited by study design, underpowering, heterogeneity, and confounding. To date, there is no robust evidence that any dietary intervention alone may replace standard therapies in patients with IBD. However, diet may play an adjunct role to induce or maintain clinical remission with standard IBD therapies. The results of novel dietary trials in IBD such as personalized fiber, intermittent fasting, and time-restricted diets are eagerly awaited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) and Diet: New Highlights and Triggers)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 927 KiB  
Review
Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness—A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies
by Edoardo Tacconi, Giuseppe Palma, Davide De Biase, Antonio Luciano, Massimiliano Barbieri, Filomena de Nigris and Francesca Bruzzese
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030563 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 7917
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits [...] Read more.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits in the origin of these pathologies may be food sources, in particular, high fat meat, offal, egg yolk, whole dairy products, and fatty fish, but intercalated between these food sources and the production of pro-inflammatory TMAO, the composition of gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating this process. The aim of this review is to explain how the gut microbiota interacts with the conversion of specific compounds into TMA and its oxidation to TMAO. We will first cover the correlation between TMAO and various pathologies such as dysbiosis, then focus on cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic factors, and then on systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we will discuss primary prevention and therapies that are or may become possible. Possible treatments include modulation of the gut microbiota species with diets, physical activity and supplements, and administration of drugs, such as metformin and aspirin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6629 KiB  
Review
The Alignment of Recommendations of Dietary Guidelines with Sustainability Aspects: Lessons Learned from Italy’s Example and Proposals for Future Development
by Laura Rossi, Marika Ferrari and Andrea Ghiselli
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030542 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 14647
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to describe the process of the inclusion of sustainability in the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDGs). In the IDGs’ sustainability chapter, particular emphasis was put on the selection of foods, recommending a plant-based diet with a large [...] Read more.
The main objective of this paper is to describe the process of the inclusion of sustainability in the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDGs). In the IDGs’ sustainability chapter, particular emphasis was put on the selection of foods, recommending a plant-based diet with a large quota of vegetable proteins. Advice was also given on the selection of local seasonal products, with low growth input, such as fertilizers, artificial light and heating. Reduction of animal food was recommended, to be substituted with lower impact foods (poultry, milk, eggs and Mediterranean fish including aquaculture). Food waste was largely addressed. Recommendations were made for food purchase planning, food storage and the reuse of leftovers as strategies to reduce waste and save money. The IDGs sustainability recommendations were related to the 16 guiding principles of a sustainable healthy diet and their contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Developing Goals was provided. The inclusion of sustainability in dietary guidelines requires a multidisciplinary approach to cover the wide range of aspects of a sustainable diet. In the IDGs, it was possible to show that practical recommendations for improving sustainability behavior can be passed on to consumers. Methodological aspects for developing recommendations are not definitive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Nutrition and Human Health as Part of Sustainable Development)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 624 KiB  
Review
Magnesium Administration in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Emma A. Vermeulen and Marc G. Vervloet
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030547 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 14734
Abstract
Awareness of the clinical relevance of magnesium in medicine has increased over the last years, especially for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to magnesium’s role in vascular calcification and mineral metabolism. The inverse association between serum magnesium and clinically relevant, adverse [...] Read more.
Awareness of the clinical relevance of magnesium in medicine has increased over the last years, especially for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to magnesium’s role in vascular calcification and mineral metabolism. The inverse association between serum magnesium and clinically relevant, adverse outcomes is well-established in people with CKD. Subsequent intervention studies have focused on the effect of magnesium administration, mainly in relation to cardiovascular diseases, mineral bone metabolism, and other metabolic parameters. The most commonly used routes of magnesium administration are orally and by increasing dialysate magnesium. Several oral magnesium formulations are available and the daily dosage of elemental magnesium varies highly between studies, causing considerable heterogeneity. Although data are still limited, several clinical studies demonstrated that magnesium administration could improve parameters of vascular function and calcification and mineral metabolism in people with CKD. Current clinical research has shown that magnesium administration in people with CKD is safe, without concerns for severe hypermagnesemia or negative interference with bone metabolism. It should be noted that there are several ongoing magnesium intervention studies that will contribute to the increasing knowledge on the potential of magnesium administration in people with CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relevant Nutritional, Biochemical and Molecular Disorders in CKD)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Triglyceride–Glucose Index as a Potential Indicator of Sarcopenic Obesity in Older People
by Bokun Kim, Gwonmin Kim, Yongkook Lee, Keisuke Taniguchi, Tomonori Isobe and Sechang Oh
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030555 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4306
Abstract
Purpose: This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG index) is associated with sarcopenic obesity (SO) and whether it would be a helpful indicator of SO. Methods: A total of 3821 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected for [...] Read more.
Purpose: This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG index) is associated with sarcopenic obesity (SO) and whether it would be a helpful indicator of SO. Methods: A total of 3821 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected for the study group, and 4919 participants aged 20–39 years were included as a reference group. The participants were allocated to sarcopenia, obesity, and SO groups depending on if their body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2 and their sarcopenia index was ≤1 standard deviation (SD) lower than the mean of the reference group. The sex-specific differences and trends among the participants were analyzed by using the TyG index tertiles, and appropriate cut-off values of the TyG index for SO were calculated. Results: As the TyG index increased, BMI increased, but the sarcopenia index decreased in both sexes. Males and females in the middle and highest tertiles of the TyG index were 1.775 and 3.369, and they were 1.993 and 3.157 times more likely to have SO, respectively. The cut-off values of the TyG index for SO in males and females were ≥8.72 and 8.67, respectively. Conclusion: A high TyG index is positively associated with SO, and the TyG index may be considered a potential indicator of SO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges to Limiting Sarcopenia and Age-Related Diseases to Promote Healthy Aging)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 454 KiB  
Review
Intermittent Fasting in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Critical Update of Available Studies
by Marios Anemoulis, Antonios Vlastos, Vasileios Kachtsidis and Spyridon N. Karras
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030532 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 9505
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most-frequent malignancy amongst women, whereas obesity and excess caloric consumption increase the risk for developing the disease. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on previously diagnosed BC patients, regarding [...] Read more.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most-frequent malignancy amongst women, whereas obesity and excess caloric consumption increase the risk for developing the disease. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on previously diagnosed BC patients, regarding quality of life (QoL) scores during chemotherapy, chemotherapy-induced toxicity, radiological response and BC recurrence, endocrine-related outcomes, as well as IF-induced adverse effects in these populations. A comprehensive search was conducted between 31 December 2010 and 31 October 2022, using the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Two investigators independently performed abstract screenings, full-text screenings, and data extraction, and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. We screened 468 papers, 10 of which were selected for data synthesis. All patients were female adults whose age ranged between 27 and 78 years. Participants in all studies were women diagnosed with BC of one of the following stages: I, II (HER2−/+), III (HER2−/+), IV, LUMINAL-A, LUMINAL-B (HER2−/+). Notably, IF during chemotherapy was found to be feasible, safe and able to relieve chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and cytotoxicity. IF seemed to improve QoL during chemotherapy, through the reduction of fatigue, nausea and headaches, however data were characterized as low quality. IF was found to reduce chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and augmented optimal glycemic regulation, improving serum glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 concentrations. A remarkable heterogeneity of duration of dietary patterns was observed among available studies. In conclusion, we failed to identify any IF-related beneficial effects on the QoL, response after chemotherapy or related symptoms, as well as measures of tumor recurrence in BC patients. We identified a potential beneficial effect of IF on chemotherapy-induced toxicity, based on markers of DNA and leukocyte damage; however, these results were derived from three studies and require further validation. Further studies with appropriate design and larger sample sizes are warranted to elucidate its potential standard incorporation in daily clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Nutrition in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 6059 KiB  
Article
Luteolin Attenuates Hypertension via Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
by Hong-Li Gao, Xiao-Jing Yu, Yu-Qi Feng, Yu Yang, Han-Bo Hu, Yu-Yang Zhao, Jia-Hao Zhang, Kai-Li Liu, Yan Zhang, Li-Yan Fu, Ying Li, Jie Qi, Jin-An Qiao and Yu-Ming Kang
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030502 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3489
Abstract
Background: Luteolin is widely distributed among a number of vegetal species worldwide. The pharmacological effects of luteolin are diverse and amongst antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary study showed that luteolin can ameliorate hypertension. However, the precise mechanism needs further investigation. [...] Read more.
Background: Luteolin is widely distributed among a number of vegetal species worldwide. The pharmacological effects of luteolin are diverse and amongst antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary study showed that luteolin can ameliorate hypertension. However, the precise mechanism needs further investigation. There is no evidence that luteolin affects the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a brain nucleus associated with a critical neural regulator of blood pressure. Our main aim was to explore the effect of luteolin on the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway within the PVN of hypertensive rats. Methods: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and corresponding normotensive control rats, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into four groups and subsequently treated for 4 weeks with bilateral PVN injections of either luteolin (20 µg/0.11 µL, volume: 0.11 µL/h) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid). Results: luteolin infusion to the PVN significantly decreased some hemodynamic parameters including the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), circulating plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI). Additionally, there was a decrease in the expressions of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase-B (p-AKT), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD(P)H oxidase subunit (NOX2, NOX4) in the PVN of SHRs. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in the PVN of SHRs were lowered. Furthermore, immunofluorescence results showed that injection of luteolin in the PVN reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and increased that of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) in the PVN of SHRs. Conclusion: Our novel findings revealed that luteolin lowered hypertension via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the PVN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1288 KiB  
Review
Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Meta-Analyses and Clinical Trials
by Damian Dyńka, Katarzyna Kowalcze, Filip Ambrozkiewicz and Agnieszka Paziewska
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030500 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 18656
Abstract
The exponentially growing frequency of diagnosing diabetes mellitus means that a verification of the previous dietetic approach to treating the disease seems justified. The simultaneous growth of interest in the ketogenic diet and the development of knowledge in this field have contributed to [...] Read more.
The exponentially growing frequency of diagnosing diabetes mellitus means that a verification of the previous dietetic approach to treating the disease seems justified. The simultaneous growth of interest in the ketogenic diet and the development of knowledge in this field have contributed to the increasingly frequent application of the ketogenic diet in diabetes treatment. This paper also deals with that issue; its aim includes an extensive analysis of the influence of the ketogenic diet on the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes. The paper has been prepared based on a wide, meticulous analysis of the available literature on the subject. Among other findings, a favorable effect of that nutrition model has been demonstrated on the values of glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, or other metabolic parameters in diabetes patients. The effect of the ketogenic diet on the pharmacotherapy of type 1 and type 2 diabetes has been presented and compared with the standard nutritional management plan recommended for that disease. Further research is needed in this field, especially studies with a long follow-up period. The discussed articles report interesting therapeutic advantages to the ketogenic diet in comparison with standard diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support for Chronic Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

28 pages, 1742 KiB  
Review
Protective Effect of Anthocyanins against Neurodegenerative Diseases through the Microbial-Intestinal-Brain Axis: A Critical Review
by Hao Zhong, Jie Xu, Mengyu Yang, Muhammad Hussain, Xiaofeng Liu, Fengqin Feng and Rongfa Guan
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030496 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10319
Abstract
With the increase in human mean age, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) also rises. This negatively affects mental and physiological health. In recent years, evidence has revealed that anthocyanins could regulate the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) through the microbiome-gut-brain [...] Read more.
With the increase in human mean age, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) also rises. This negatively affects mental and physiological health. In recent years, evidence has revealed that anthocyanins could regulate the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which provides a new perspective for treating NDs. In this review, the protective effects and mechanisms of anthocyanins against NDs are summarized, especially the interaction between anthocyanins and the intestinal microbiota, and the microbial-intestinal-brain axis system is comprehensively discussed. Moreover, anthocyanins achieve the therapeutic purpose of NDs by regulating intestinal microflora and certain metabolites (protocateic acid, vanillic acid, etc.). In particular, the inhibitory effect of tryptophan metabolism on some neurotransmitters and the induction of blood-brain barrier permeability by butyrate production has a preventive effect on NDs. Overall, it is suggested that microbial-intestinal-brain axis may be a novel mechanism for the protective effect of anthocyanins against NDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Dietary Flavonoids and Gut Microbiome)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

24 pages, 464 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Care in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
by Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi and Susanna Esposito
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030479 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8082
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure, mostly due to malabsorption caused by the derangement in the chloride transport across epithelial surfaces. Thus, optimal nutritional care and support should be an integral part of the management of the [...] Read more.
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure, mostly due to malabsorption caused by the derangement in the chloride transport across epithelial surfaces. Thus, optimal nutritional care and support should be an integral part of the management of the disease, with the aim of ameliorating clinical outcomes and life expectancy. In this report, we analyzed the nutrition support across the different ages, in patients with CF, with a focus on the relationships with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes and the use of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators. The nutrition support goal in CF care should begin as early as possible after diagnosis and include the achievement of an optimal nutritional status to support the growth stages and puberty development in children, that will further support the maintenance of an optimal nutritional status in adult life. The cornerstone of nutrition in patients with CF is a high calorie, high-fat diet, in conjunction with a better control of malabsorption due to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and attention to the adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. When the oral caloric intake is not enough for reaching the anthropometric nutritional goals, supplemental enteral feeding should be initiated to improve growth and the nutritional status. In the last decade, the therapeutic possibilities towards CF have grown in a consistent way. The positive effects of CFTR modulators on nutritional status mainly consist in the improvement in weight gain and BMI, both in children and adults, and in an amelioration in terms of the pulmonary function and reduction of exacerbations. Several challenges need to be overcome with the development of new drugs, to transform CF from a fatal disease to a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition in Chronic Diseases–Prevention, Treatment and Life Quality Management)
25 pages, 2459 KiB  
Review
Microbiome and Asthma: Microbial Dysbiosis and the Origins, Phenotypes, Persistence, and Severity of Asthma
by José Valverde-Molina and Luis García-Marcos
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030486 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 8365
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome, and of the gut-lung axis in the origin and persistence of asthma, is an ongoing field of investigation. The process of microbial colonisation in the first three years of life is fundamental for health, with the first hundred [...] Read more.
The importance of the microbiome, and of the gut-lung axis in the origin and persistence of asthma, is an ongoing field of investigation. The process of microbial colonisation in the first three years of life is fundamental for health, with the first hundred days of life being critical. Different factors are associated with early microbial dysbiosis, such as caesarean delivery, artificial lactation and antibiotic therapy, among others. Longitudinal cohort studies on gut and airway microbiome in children have found an association between microbial dysbiosis and asthma at later ages of life. A low α-diversity and relative abundance of certain commensal gut bacterial genera in the first year of life are associated with the development of asthma. Gut microbial dysbiosis, with a lower abundance of Phylum Firmicutes, could be related with increased risk of asthma. Upper airway microbial dysbiosis, especially early colonisation by Moraxella spp., is associated with recurrent viral infections and the development of asthma. Moreover, the bacteria in the respiratory system produce metabolites that may modify the inception of asthma and is progression. The role of the lung microbiome in asthma development has yet to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the most consistent finding in studies on lung microbiome is the increased bacterial load and the predominance of proteobacteria, especially Haemophilus spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. In this review we shall update the knowledge on the association between microbial dysbiosis and the origins of asthma, as well as its persistence, phenotypes, and severity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrients in Asthma and Allergic Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1284 KiB  
Article
A Nutraceutical Containing Chlorogenic Acid and Luteolin Improves Cardiometabolic Parameters in Subjects with Pre-Obesity: A 6-Month Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
by Simona Terzo, Antonella Amato, Antonio Magán-Fernández, Giuseppa Castellino, Pasquale Calvi, Roberta Chianetta, Rosaria V. Giglio, Angelo M. Patti, Dragana Nikolic, Alberto Firenze, Flavia Mulè, Marcello Ciaccio and Manfredi Rizzo
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020462 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4782
Abstract
Pre-obesity is a condition that predisposes to the risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and diabetes. Our previous study demonstrated that a Cynara cardunculus (L.) based nutraceutical named Altilix® (Bionap, Italy), containing chlorogenic acid and luteolin extracts, was able to improve [...] Read more.
Pre-obesity is a condition that predisposes to the risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and diabetes. Our previous study demonstrated that a Cynara cardunculus (L.) based nutraceutical named Altilix® (Bionap, Italy), containing chlorogenic acid and luteolin extracts, was able to improve several hepatic and cardio-metabolic parameters. Given this background, we conducted a post-hoc analysis of the Altilix® study in order to analyze the supplement’s effects in the subgroup of pre-obesity subjects on anthropometry (weight and waist circumference), glucose metabolism (HbA1C, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol), hepatic functionality (FLI, AST, ALT and AST/ALT), carotid-media thickness (CIMT) and endothelial function (FMD). Fifty subjects from the original study cohort (which consisted of 100 subjects) were chosen with BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2. All subjects received the Altilix® supplement (150 mg/day) or placebo using a computer-based random allocation system. After six months of treatment Altilix® significantly reduced body weight, glycemic, and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol) and improved hepatic functionality, CIMT, and FMD. In conclusion, these results confirm that Altilix® supplementation has a significant effect on cardiometabolic parameters not only in obese subjects but also in pre-obesity subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds and Healthy Foods: New Strategy to Counteract Chronic Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1168 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolic Capacity Differ by FUT2 Secretor Status in Exclusively Breastfed Infants
by Alexander W. Thorman, Grace Adkins, Shannon C. Conrey, Allison R. Burrell, Ying Yu, Brendon White, Rachel Burke, David Haslam, Daniel C. Payne, Mary A. Staat, Ardythe L. Morrow and David S. Newburg
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020471 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5027
Abstract
A major polymorphism in the fucosyltransferase2 (FUT2) gene influences risk of multiple gut diseases, but its impact on the microbiome of breastfed infants was unknown. In individuals with an active FUT2 enzyme (“secretors”), the intestinal mucosa is abundantly fucosylated, providing mutualist [...] Read more.
A major polymorphism in the fucosyltransferase2 (FUT2) gene influences risk of multiple gut diseases, but its impact on the microbiome of breastfed infants was unknown. In individuals with an active FUT2 enzyme (“secretors”), the intestinal mucosa is abundantly fucosylated, providing mutualist bacteria with a rich endogenous source of fucose. Non-secretors comprise approximately one-fifth of the population, and they lack the ability to create this enzyme. Similarly, maternal secretor status influences the abundance of a breastfeeding mother’s fucosylated milk oligosaccharides. We compared the impact of maternal secretor status, measured by FUT2 genotype, and infant secretor status, measured by FUT2 genotype and phenotype, on early infant fecal microbiome samples collected from 2-month-old exclusively breastfed infants (n = 59). Infant secretor status (19% non-secretor, 25% low-secretor, and 56% full-secretor) was more strongly associated with the infant microbiome than it was with the maternal FUT2 genotype. Alpha diversity was greater in the full-secretors than in the low- or non-secretor infants (p = 0.049). Three distinct microbial enterotypes corresponded to infant secretor phenotype (p = 0.022) and to the dominance of Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, or neither (p < 0.001). Infant secretor status was also associated with microbial metabolic capacity, specifically, bioenergetics pathways. We concluded that in exclusively breastfed infants, infant—but not maternal—secretor status is associated with infant microbial colonization and metabolic capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Breast Milk and Formula on Infant Intestinal Health and the Infant Gut Microbiome)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 466 KiB  
Article
Optimizing the Relationship between Regulation and Innovation in Dietary Supplements: A Case Study of Food with Function Claims in Japan
by Keigo Sato, Kota Kodama and Shintaro Sengoku
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020476 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7273
Abstract
Regulation has long been a counterpart of innovation in the health care industry, and recent cases have demonstrated that appropriately designed regulations can both coexist with and promote innovation. This study is the first study to explore how the regulatory environment affected the [...] Read more.
Regulation has long been a counterpart of innovation in the health care industry, and recent cases have demonstrated that appropriately designed regulations can both coexist with and promote innovation. This study is the first study to explore how the regulatory environment affected the innovation process during the transition of the regulations for functional foods in Japan by examining quantitatively the impact of the foods with function claims (FFC) system on industry, companies, and products. Based on a dataset of Japanese dietary supplement manufacturing companies (n = 169) and their products (n = 731) in 2019, we found that companies that have newly entered the FFC system are smaller in scale than existing companies (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon rank sum test). We also found that companies with FFC products have larger revenue growth (p = 0.01). A multiple regression analysis revealed that FFC product sales increased with in-house clinical testing (coefficient: 26.8, p < 0.0001), diverse active ingredients (coefficient: 7.6, p < 0.001), and the claim of new functions (coefficient: 10.2, p < 0.05). These results suggested that the FFC system facilitated the market entry of small and mid-size enterprises and promoted the creation of high-value products through innovative company efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in Consumers’ Preferences and Behavior toward Healthy and Functional Foods)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 4982 KiB  
Review
Bioactivity and Digestibility of Microalgae Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. as Basis of Their Potential as Novel Functional Foods
by Samuel Paterson, Pilar Gómez-Cortés, Miguel Angel de la Fuente and Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020477 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 8609
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2050, the world’s population will exceed 10 billion people, which will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid aggravating this problem, FAO and WHO have recommended dietary changes to reduce the intake of animal calories [...] Read more.
It is estimated that by 2050, the world’s population will exceed 10 billion people, which will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid aggravating this problem, FAO and WHO have recommended dietary changes to reduce the intake of animal calories and increase the consumption of sustainable, nutrient-rich, and calorie-efficient products. Moreover, due to the worldwide rising incidence of non-communicable diseases and the demonstrated impact of diet on the risk of these disorders, the current established food pattern is focused on the consumption of foods that have functionality for health. Among promising sources of functional foods, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention because of their richness in high-value compounds with potential health benefits. However, despite the great opportunities to exploit microalgae in functional food industry, their use remains limited by challenges related to species diversity and variations in cultivation factors, changes in functional composition during extraction procedures, and limited evidence on the safety and bioavailability of microalgae bioactives. The aim of this review is to provide an updated and comprehensive discussion on the nutritional value, biological effects, and digestibility of two microalgae genera, Tetraselmis and Nannochloropsis, as basis of their potential as ingredients for the development of functional foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Food Digestion and Digestive System in the Nutritional, Functional and Health Properties of Food Bioactives)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1131 KiB  
Review
Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: Technological, Nutritional, Environmental, Market, and Social Challenges and Opportunities
by Giulia Andreani, Giovanni Sogari, Alessandra Marti, Federico Froldi, Hans Dagevos and Daniela Martini
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020452 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 127 | Viewed by 36821
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that fostering the transition toward plant-based diets with reduced meat consumption levels is essential to alleviating the detrimental impacts of the food system on the planet and to improving human health and animal welfare. The reduction in average [...] Read more.
There is a growing awareness that fostering the transition toward plant-based diets with reduced meat consumption levels is essential to alleviating the detrimental impacts of the food system on the planet and to improving human health and animal welfare. The reduction in average meat intake may be reached via many possible ways, one possibility being the increased consumption of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs). For this reason, in recent years, hundreds of products have been launched on the market with sensory attributes (i.e., taste, texture, appearance, and smell) similar to their animal counterparts; however, these products have often a long list of ingredients and their nutritional values are very different from animal meat. The present review aims to highlight the main opportunities and challenges related to the production and consumption of PBMAs through an interdisciplinary approach. Aspects related to the production technology, nutritional profiles, potential impacts on health and the environment, and the current market and consumer acceptance of PBMAs are discussed. Focusing on the growing literature on this topic, this review will also highlight research gaps related to PBMAs that should be considered in the future, possibly through the collaboration of different stakeholders that can support the transition toward sustainable plant-based diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Meat: Alternative Sources of Proteins to Feed the World)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 426 KiB  
Review
Valorization of Chicken Slaughterhouse Byproducts to Obtain Antihypertensive Peptides
by Francisca Isabel Bravo, Enrique Calvo, Rafael A. López-Villalba, Cristina Torres-Fuentes, Begoña Muguerza, Almudena García-Ruiz and Diego Morales
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020457 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4431
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of premature deaths worldwide and the main preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a current need for new therapeutics to manage this condition. In this regard, protein hydrolysates containing antihypertensive bioactive peptides are of [...] Read more.
Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of premature deaths worldwide and the main preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a current need for new therapeutics to manage this condition. In this regard, protein hydrolysates containing antihypertensive bioactive peptides are of increasing interest. Thus, agri-food industry byproducts have emerged as a valuable source to obtain these hydrolysates as they are rich in proteins and inexpensive. Among these, byproducts from animal origin stand out as they are abundantly generated worldwide. Hence, this review is focused on evaluating the potential role of chicken slaughterhouse byproducts as a source of peptides for managing HTN. Several of these byproducts such as blood, bones, skins, and especially, chicken feet have been used to obtain protein hydrolysates with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity and blood pressure-lowering effects. An increase in levels of endogenous antioxidant compounds, a reduction in ACE activity, and an improvement of HTN-associated endothelial dysfunction were the mechanisms underlying their effects. However, most of these studies were carried out in animal models, and further clinical studies are needed in order to confirm these antihypertensive properties. This would increase the value of these byproducts, contributing to the circular economy model of slaughterhouses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome)
18 pages, 712 KiB  
Review
Adipocyte Metabolism and Health after the Menopause: The Role of Exercise
by Megan L. Marsh, Marta Novaes Oliveira and Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020444 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 10228
Abstract
Postmenopausal women represent an important target population in need of preventative cardiometabolic approaches. The loss of estrogen following the menopause eliminates protections against metabolic dysfunction, largely due to its role in the health and function of adipose tissue. In addition, some studies associate [...] Read more.
Postmenopausal women represent an important target population in need of preventative cardiometabolic approaches. The loss of estrogen following the menopause eliminates protections against metabolic dysfunction, largely due to its role in the health and function of adipose tissue. In addition, some studies associate the menopause with reduced physical activity, which could potentially exacerbate the deleterious cardiometabolic risk profile accompanying the menopause. Meanwhile, exercise has adipocyte-specific effects that may alleviate the adverse impact of estrogen loss through the menopausal transition period and beyond. Exercise thus remains the best therapeutic agent available to mitigate menopause-associated metabolic dysfunction and represents a vital behavioral strategy to prevent and alleviate health decline in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipocyte Metabolism and Health in Postmenopausal Women)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Status Is Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life, Physical Activity, and Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Elderly Greek Population
by Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Maria Mantzorou, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Eleni Pavlidou, Konstantinos Vadikolias, Georgios Antasouras, Theofanis Vorvolakos, Evmorfia Psara, Georgios K. Vasios, Aspasia Serdari, Efthymios Poulios and Constantinos Giaginis
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020443 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5376
Abstract
This study aims to explore the associations between nutritional status and health-related quality of life, physical activity, and sleep quality in older exclusively Caucasian adults from Greec who were free of any severe disease. This is a cross-sectional study. Mini Nutritional Assessment was [...] Read more.
This study aims to explore the associations between nutritional status and health-related quality of life, physical activity, and sleep quality in older exclusively Caucasian adults from Greec who were free of any severe disease. This is a cross-sectional study. Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess nutritional status, health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Healthy Survey questionnaire, sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and physical activity levels were assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. 3405 community-dwelling men and women, over 65 years old from14 different Greek regions were enrolled. Ten-point four percent (10.4%) of the participants were classified as malnourished, while 35.6% were “at risk of malnutrition”. A better nutritional status was significantly and independently associated with higher physical activity levels (p = 0.0011) and better quality of life (p = 0.0135), as well as better sleep quality (p = 0.0202). In conclusion, our study highlights the interrelationships between a good nutritional status, a high-quality sleep, active lifestyle, and good quality of life. Further interventional studies are needed to clarify the associations, and test the feasibility of improving the nutritional status, physical activity levels and sleep quality of the elderly, and the impact of these changes on quality of life, and healthy ageing in races beyond Caucasian populations. Public health strategies and policies should be recommended to inform older adults for the necessity to improve their nutritional status and lifestyle habits to improve their health status and to obtain better life expectancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

33 pages, 2354 KiB  
Review
Neuroprotective Effects of Agri-Food By-Products Rich in Phenolic Compounds
by Alejandro Rojas-García, Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa, María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, David Arráez-Román and Antonio Segura-Carretero
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020449 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7325
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are known for their wide range of harmful conditions related to progressive cell damage, nervous system connections and neuronal death. These pathologies promote the loss of essential motor and cognitive functions, such as mobility, learning and sensation. Neurodegeneration affects millions of [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative diseases are known for their wide range of harmful conditions related to progressive cell damage, nervous system connections and neuronal death. These pathologies promote the loss of essential motor and cognitive functions, such as mobility, learning and sensation. Neurodegeneration affects millions of people worldwide, and no integral cure has been created yet. Here, bioactive compounds have been proven to exert numerous beneficial effects due to their remarkable bioactivity, so they could be considered as great options for the development of new neuroprotective strategies. Phenolic bioactives have been reported to be found in edible part of plants; however, over the last years, a large amount of research has focused on the phenolic richness that plant by-products possess, which sometimes even exceeds the content in the pulp. Thus, their possible application as an emergent neuroprotective technique could also be considered as an optimal strategy to revalorize these agricultural residues (those originated from plant processing). This review aims to summarize main triggers of neurodegeneration, revise the state of the art in plant extracts and their role in avoiding neurodegeneration and discuss how their main phenolic compounds could exert their neuroprotective effects. For this purpose, a diverse search of studies has been conducted, gathering a large number of papers where by-products were used as strong sources of phenolic compounds for their neuroprotective properties. Finally, although a lack of investigation is quite remarkable and greatly limits the use of these compounds, phenolics remain attractive for research into new multifactorial anti-neurodegenerative nutraceuticals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotection with Bioactive Compounds)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1138 KiB  
Review
Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Effects on Gut Health
by Kate Phuong-Nguyen, Bryony A. McNeill, Kathryn Aston-Mourney and Leni R. Rivera
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020405 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 8463
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed when reducing sugars are heated with proteins, amino acids, or lipids at high temperatures for a prolonged period. The presence and accumulation of AGEs in numerous cell types and tissues are [...] Read more.
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed when reducing sugars are heated with proteins, amino acids, or lipids at high temperatures for a prolonged period. The presence and accumulation of AGEs in numerous cell types and tissues are known to be prevalent in the pathology of many diseases. Modern diets, which contain a high proportion of processed foods and therefore a high level of AGE, cause deleterious effects leading to a multitude of unregulated intracellular and extracellular signalling and inflammatory pathways. Currently, many studies focus on investigating the chemical and structural aspects of AGEs and how they affect the metabolism and the cardiovascular and renal systems. Studies have also shown that AGEs affect the digestive system. However, there is no complete picture of the implication of AGEs in this area. The gastrointestinal tract is not only the first and principal site for the digestion and absorption of dietary AGEs but also one of the most susceptible organs to AGEs, which may exert many local and systemic effects. In this review, we summarise the current evidence of the association between a high-AGE diet and poor health outcomes, with a special focus on the relationship between dietary AGEs and alterations in the gastrointestinal structure, modifications in enteric neurons, and microbiota reshaping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Link between Modern Health and Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 771 KiB  
Review
Interlinkages between Climate Change and Food Systems: The Impact on Child Malnutrition—Narrative Review
by Carlo Agostoni, Mattia Baglioni, Adriano La Vecchia, Giulia Molari and Cristiana Berti
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020416 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 12119
Abstract
The pandemics of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change represent severe threats to child health. They co-occur; interact with each other to produce sequelae at biological, psychological, or social levels; and share common underlying drivers. In this paper, we review the key issues concerning [...] Read more.
The pandemics of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change represent severe threats to child health. They co-occur; interact with each other to produce sequelae at biological, psychological, or social levels; and share common underlying drivers. In this paper, we review the key issues concerning child diet and nutritional status, focusing on the interactions with climate and food systems. Inadequate infant and young child feeding practices, food insecurity, poverty, and limited access to health services are the leading causes of malnutrition across generations. Food system industrialization and globalization lead to a double burden of malnutrition, whereby undernutrition (i.e., stunting, wasting, and deficiencies in micronutrients) coexists with overweight and obesity, as well as to harmful effects on climate. Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are worsening child malnutrition, impacting the main underlying causes (i.e., household food security, dietary diversity, nutrient quality, and access to maternal and child health), as well as the social, economic, and political factors determining food security and nutrition (livelihoods, income, infrastructure resources, and political context). Existing interventions have the potential to be further scaled-up to concurrently address undernutrition, overnutrition, and climate change by cross-cutting education, agriculture, food systems, and social safety nets. Several stakeholders must work co-operatively to improve global sustainable nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeding Practice and Infant and Young Child Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1177 KiB  
Review
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies
by Thomas Lawler and Shaneda Warren Andersen
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020422 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 13476
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower risk for several cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers. To mitigate confounding, genetic instrumental variables (IVs) have been used to estimate causal associations between 25-hydroxivtamin D and cancer risk [...] Read more.
Epidemiological studies suggest that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower risk for several cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers. To mitigate confounding, genetic instrumental variables (IVs) have been used to estimate causal associations between 25-hydroxivtamin D and cancer risk via Mendelian randomization (MR). We provide a systematic review of 31 MR studies concerning 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality identified from biomedical databases. MR analyses were conducted almost exclusively in European-ancestry populations and identified no statistically significant associations between higher genetically predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lower risk for total cancer or colorectal, breast, prostate, lung, or pancreatic cancers. In recent studies including ≥80 genetic IVs for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, null associations were reported for total cancer (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1-standard deviation increase: 0.98 [0.93–1.04]), breast (1.00 [0.98–1.02]), colorectal (0.97 [0.88–1.07]), prostate (0.99 [0.98–1.01]), and lung cancer (1.00 [0.93–1.03]). A protective association was observed for ovarian cancer in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (0.78 [0.63–0.96] per 20 nmol/L increase, p-trend = 0.03), but not in the UK Biobank (1.10 [0.80–1.51]). Null associations were reported for other tumor sites (bladder, endometrium, uterus, esophagus, oral cavity and pharynx, kidney, liver, thyroid, or neural cells). An inconsistent protective association for cancer-specific mortality was also observed. Results from MR analyses do not support causal associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk for cancer incidence or mortality. Studies including non-White populations may be valuable to understand low 25-hydroxyvitamin D as a modifiable risk factor in populations with a higher risk of common cancers, including African ancestry individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Vitamin D in Chronic Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 2206 KiB  
Review
Sodium Homeostasis, a Balance Necessary for Life
by Antonio Bernal, María A. Zafra, María J. Simón and Javier Mahía
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020395 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 10936
Abstract
Body sodium (Na) levels must be maintained within a narrow range for the correct functioning of the organism (Na homeostasis). Na disorders include not only elevated levels of this solute (hypernatremia), as in diabetes insipidus, but also reduced levels (hyponatremia), as in cerebral [...] Read more.
Body sodium (Na) levels must be maintained within a narrow range for the correct functioning of the organism (Na homeostasis). Na disorders include not only elevated levels of this solute (hypernatremia), as in diabetes insipidus, but also reduced levels (hyponatremia), as in cerebral salt wasting syndrome. The balance in body Na levels therefore requires a delicate equilibrium to be maintained between the ingestion and excretion of Na. Salt (NaCl) intake is processed by receptors in the tongue and digestive system, which transmit the information to the nucleus of the solitary tract via a neural pathway (chorda tympani/vagus nerves) and to circumventricular organs, including the subfornical organ and area postrema, via a humoral pathway (blood/cerebrospinal fluid). Circuits are formed that stimulate or inhibit homeostatic Na intake involving participation of the parabrachial nucleus, pre-locus coeruleus, medial tuberomammillary nuclei, median eminence, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and other structures with reward properties such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala, and ventral tegmental area. Finally, the kidney uses neural signals (e.g., renal sympathetic nerves) and vascular (e.g., renal perfusion pressure) and humoral (e.g., renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, cardiac natriuretic peptides, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin) factors to promote Na excretion or retention and thereby maintain extracellular fluid volume. All these intake and excretion processes are modulated by chemical messengers, many of which (e.g., aldosterone, angiotensin II, and oxytocin) have effects that are coordinated at peripheral and central level to ensure Na homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt Appetite and Diet)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 986 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Meat and Dairy Imitation Products and Comparison with Animal-Based Counterparts
by Alexandra Katidi, Konstantina Xypolitaki, Antonis Vlassopoulos and Maria Kapsokefalou
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020401 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 8056
Abstract
While consumers are increasingly adopting plant-based meat and dairy imitation products, the nutritional quality and adequacy of those foods to act as a substitute is still under discussion. The Greek Branded Food Composition Database (HelTH) was expanded to map currently available meat and [...] Read more.
While consumers are increasingly adopting plant-based meat and dairy imitation products, the nutritional quality and adequacy of those foods to act as a substitute is still under discussion. The Greek Branded Food Composition Database (HelTH) was expanded to map currently available meat and dairy imitations in Greece. Their main ingredient used, nutritional composition, and promotion as a healthy, nutritious food were described, and their overall nutritional quality using the Nutri-Score algorithm was evaluated. A total of n = 421 plant-based imitations were analyzed, made primarily of wheat or wheat mixes (83.5%) for meat imitations and grain (19.8%) or vegetable oil (17.1%) for dairy imitations. All meat imitations were high in protein and fiber, while, for dairy, only yogurts carried a protein content claim (80.9%). Imitation sausages, milk, and yogurt products had lower total fat and saturated fat content compared to their animal-based counterparts. All dairy imitations had lower protein content than animal-based dairy. The nutritional quality of imitation cheeses was graded as D–E, under the Nutri-Score system, compared to A–C for the animal-based cheese. Plant-based imitations have variable composition based on their main ingredient, and the substitution of specific food groups with plant-based alternatives may not support an equivalent or improved diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1756 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in Healthy Children during the First Two Years of Life: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study
by Beata Łoniewska, Magda Fraszczyk-Tousty, Piotr Tousty, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz and Igor Łoniewski
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020367 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5057
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites of the gut microbiota. The aim is to analyze the influence of perinatal factors, which can affect the gut microbiota, on the concentrations of fecal SCFAs over the first two years of life. Gas chromatography was [...] Read more.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites of the gut microbiota. The aim is to analyze the influence of perinatal factors, which can affect the gut microbiota, on the concentrations of fecal SCFAs over the first two years of life. Gas chromatography was used to analyze SCFA in a total of 456 fecal samples from 86 children. Total SCFA concentrations increased until 12 months and stabilized after that. Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy was associated with an increase in acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in meconium and a decrease in the same SCFAs at 6 months. Butyric acid was increased after Caesarean delivery until 1 month. In formula-fed children, propionic acid (at 1 month) and butyric acid and total SCFA (at 12 months) were increased. Acetic and linear butyric acids and total SCFAs were also increased at 12 months in children born vaginally that were also formula-fed. Higher butyric acid was observed in children of mothers with normal pre-pregnancy weight and adequate weight gain during pregnancy. Butyric acid was also elevated in 6-month-old infants with a higher body weight (≥85th percentile). Acetic acid concentrations were significantly higher in 2-year-old females vs. males. We conclude that perinatal factors are linked to changes in fecal SCFAs and further long-term epidemiological studies are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Pre- and Perinatal Factors and Infant Nutrition on the Intestinal Microbiota)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1121 KiB  
Article
The Effect of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Minor Phenolic Compound 3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenylglycol in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease
by María Dolores Rodriguez-Pérez, Laura Santiago-Corral, Laura Ortega-Hombrados, Cristina Verdugo, María Monsalud Arrebola, Esther Martín-Aurioles, María África Fernández-Prior, Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria, José Pedro De La Cruz and José Antonio González-Correa
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020377 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2897
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the possible nephroprotective effect of 3’,4’-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a polyphenolic compound of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), on renal lesions in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Rats were distributed as follows: healthy normoglycemic rats [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to analyze the possible nephroprotective effect of 3’,4’-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a polyphenolic compound of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), on renal lesions in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Rats were distributed as follows: healthy normoglycemic rats (NDR), diabetic rats treated with saline (DR), and DR treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day or 1 mg/kg/day of DHPG. DR showed a significantly higher serum and renal oxidative and nitrosative stress profile than NDR, as well as reduced prostacyclin production and renal damage (defined as urinary protein excretion, reduced creatinine clearance, increased glomerular volume, and increased glomerulosclerosis index). DHPG reduced the oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased prostacyclin production (a 59.2% reduction in DR and 34.7–7.8% reduction in DHPG-treated rats), as well as 38–56% reduction in urinary protein excretion and 22–46% reduction in glomerular morphological parameters (after the treatment with 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day, respectively). Conclusions: DHPG administration to type 1-like diabetic rats exerts a nephroprotective effect probably due to the sum of its antioxidant (Pearson’s coefficient 0.68–0.74), antinitrosative (Pearson’s coefficient 0.83), and prostacyclin production regulator (Pearson’s coefficient 0.75) effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 522 KiB  
Review
Preparing Patients for Cosmetic Surgery and Aesthetic Procedures: Ensuring an Optimal Nutritional Status for Successful Results
by Tiziana Vitagliano, Pietro Garieri, Lidia Lascala, Yvelise Ferro, Patrizia Doldo, Roberta Pujia, Arturo Pujia, Tiziana Montalcini, Manfredi Greco and Elisa Mazza
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020352 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5393
Abstract
Aesthetic and cosmetic medical practices have attracted considerable consumer attention globally. However, possible complications vary and range from mild, self-resolving ecchymoses or edema to more persistent complications. The aim of this review is to identify the nutritional deficits or excesses associated with the [...] Read more.
Aesthetic and cosmetic medical practices have attracted considerable consumer attention globally. However, possible complications vary and range from mild, self-resolving ecchymoses or edema to more persistent complications. The aim of this review is to identify the nutritional deficits or excesses associated with the major complications of reconstructive surgery, aesthetic surgery, and mini-invasive aesthetic procedures. An additional goal is to provide a bundle of actions for professionals working in the industry in order to reduce the risks of aesthetic procedures and improve the clinical outcomes. Granulomas, hypertrophic scars and keloids, seromas, infections and xerosis, hyperpigmentation, petechiae, livedo reticularis, slower wound healing, and other poor outcomes are frequently associated with nutritional deficiencies. Nutritional status can markedly affect wound healing and tissue repair following surgical interventions, as well as the outcomes of aesthetic and cosmetic medical practices. Professionals working in this industry, therefore, need to consider the nutritional aspects of their patients to obtain the best results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

44 pages, 2374 KiB  
Review
Phytoestrogens and Health Effects
by Marie-Chantal Canivenc-Lavier and Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020317 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 64 | Viewed by 16138
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant–predator interaction. Therefore, it [...] Read more.
Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant–predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that the word phytoestrogen comes from the early discovery of estrogenic effects in grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations in animals and humans are examined. The substances analyzed belong to several chemical families, i.e., the flavanones, the coumestans, the resorcylic acid lactones, the isoflavones, and the enterolignans. Following their definition and the evocation of their role in plants, their metabolic transformations and bioavailabilities are discussed. A point is then made regarding their health effects, which can either be beneficial or adverse depending on the subject studied, the sex, the age, and the physiological status. Toxicological information is given based on official data. The effects are first presented in humans. Animal models are evoked when no data are available in humans. The effects are presented with a constant reference to doses and plausible exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Phytoestrogens and Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1424 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Hepatic Safety of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Reproductive-Aged Women
by Hiba Siblini, Ayman Al-Hendy, James Segars, Frank González, Hugh S. Taylor, Bhuchitra Singh, Ainna Flaminia, Valerie A. Flores, Gregory M. Christman, Hao Huang, Jeremy J. Johnson and Heping Zhang
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020320 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5334
Abstract
A similar abstract of the interim analysis was previously published in Fertility and Sterility. EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE (EGCG) FOR TREATMENT OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY ASSOCIATED WITH UTERINE FIBROIDS (PRE-FRIEND TRIAL): EARLY SAFETY ASSESSMENT. Uterine fibroids are the most common cause of unexplained infertility in reproductive-aged [...] Read more.
A similar abstract of the interim analysis was previously published in Fertility and Sterility. EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE (EGCG) FOR TREATMENT OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY ASSOCIATED WITH UTERINE FIBROIDS (PRE-FRIEND TRIAL): EARLY SAFETY ASSESSMENT. Uterine fibroids are the most common cause of unexplained infertility in reproductive-aged women. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, has demonstrated its ability to shrink uterine fibroids in prior preclinical and clinical studies. Hence, we developed an NICHD Confirm-funded trial to evaluate the use of EGCG for treating women with fibroids and unexplained infertility (FRIEND trial). Prior to embarking on that trial, we here conducted the pre-FRIEND study (NCT 04177693) to evaluate the safety of EGCG in premenopausal women. Specifically, our aim was to assess any adverse effects of EGCG alone or in combination with an ovarian stimulator on serum liver function tests (LFTs) and folate level. In this randomized, open-label prospective cohort, participants were recruited from the FRIEND-collaborative clinical sites: Johns Hopkins University, University of Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Yale University. Thirty-nine women, ages ≥18 to ≤40 years, with/without uterine fibroids, were enrolled and randomized to one of three treatment arms: 800 mg of EGCG daily alone, 800 mg of EGCG daily with clomiphene citrate 100 mg for 5 days, or 800 mg of EGCG daily with Letrozole 5 mg for 5 days. No subject demonstrated signs of drug induced liver injury and no subject showed serum folate level outside the normal range. Hence, our data suggests that a daily dose of 800 mg of EGCG alone or in combination with clomiphene citrate or letrozole (for 5 days) is well-tolerated and is not associated with liver toxicity or folate deficiency in reproductive-aged women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceuticals for Women’s Reproductive Health and Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 526 KiB  
Article
Increased Intake of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Reduced Odds of Low Hand Grip Strength in Korean Adults
by Yoonjin Shin and Eugene Chang
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020321 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3915
Abstract
Nutritional status is thought to be one of the modifiable risk factors for muscle health. This study investigates the association between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and hand grip strength (HGS) in Korean adults. The cross-sectional analysis was performed on 18,278 [...] Read more.
Nutritional status is thought to be one of the modifiable risk factors for muscle health. This study investigates the association between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and hand grip strength (HGS) in Korean adults. The cross-sectional analysis was performed on 18,278 participants aged ≥19 years enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016–2019. Omega-3 PUFA consumption was positively linked to the dietary intake of nuts, fish, and shellfish in Korean adults. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that increased omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with a decreased risk of low HGS (odds ratio (OR) for upper quartile (Q4) compared to Q1, men: OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17–1.72), women: OR = 1.61 (1.37–1.89)). This inverse association was reported in people who did no resistance exercise or had an insufficient protein intake. In contrast, this association was not evident in adults who did resistance exercise or had sufficient protein intake. Furthermore, participants with hypertension or type 2 diabetes showed stronger associations between dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and HGS compared with other subgroups. These results suggest that dietary omega-3 PUFA intake positively related with HGS in Korean adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Dietary Fat in Chronic Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 618 KiB  
Article
Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol from Food Supplements
by Cecilia Bender, Sarah Strassmann and Christian Golz
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020325 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4090
Abstract
Table olives and olive oils are the main dietary sources of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant compound that has emerged as a potential aid in protection against cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability studies with olive oils showed that HT is bioavailable from its free form [...] Read more.
Table olives and olive oils are the main dietary sources of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant compound that has emerged as a potential aid in protection against cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability studies with olive oils showed that HT is bioavailable from its free form and from conjugated forms such as oleuropein and its aglycone. Still, its low dietary intake, poor bioavailability, and high inter-individual variability after absorption through the gastrointestinal tract hamper its full benefits. In a randomized, controlled, blinded, cross-over study, we investigated the impact of HT metabolism and bioavailability by comparing two olive-derived watery supplements containing different doses of HT (30.58 and 61.48 mg of HT/dosage). Additionally, HT-fortified olive oil was used in the control group. To this aim, plasma and urine samples were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers following the intake of a single dose of the supplements or fortified olive oil. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h after intake. HT and its metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic results showed that dietary HT administered through the food supplements is bioavailable and bioavailability increases with the administered dose. After intake, homovanillic acid, HT-3-O-sulphate, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are the main metabolites found both in plasma and urine. The maximum concentrations in plasma peaked 30 min after intake. As bioavailability of a compound is a fundamental prerequisite for its effect, these results promise a good potential of both food supplements for protection against oxidative stress and the consequent cardiovascular risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 360 KiB  
Article
Pediatric Overweight, Fatness and Risk for Dyslipidemia Are Related to Diet: A Cross-Sectional Study in 9-year-old Children
by Paulo Mascarenhas, José M. Furtado, Sílvia M. Almeida, Maria E. Ferraz, Fernando P. Ferraz and Pedro Oliveira
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020329 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3032
Abstract
Pediatric overweight, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance can result from unhealthy lifestyle habits and increase morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between diet and physical activity patterns with the metabolic health of 9-year-old school children. Measurements included anthropometry, adiposity, lipid, [...] Read more.
Pediatric overweight, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance can result from unhealthy lifestyle habits and increase morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between diet and physical activity patterns with the metabolic health of 9-year-old school children. Measurements included anthropometry, adiposity, lipid, and glycemic profiles. Questionnaires evaluated diet and physical activity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) screened for diet patterns, and multilevel models evaluated diet and physical activity patterns against overweight, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance markers across schools and children. EFA highlighted two diet patterns, Western and Traditional. Food rich in fat, salt, and sugar and fewer vegetables and fruits defined the Western pattern. The Traditional pattern, linked to healthier eating habits, had analogies to the Mediterranean diet. Overall, 39% of the children were overweight (including the obese), while 62% presented cardiovascular risk factors on their lipid profiles. Normal-weight children presented 60% high cholesterol incidence. Global insulin resistance incidence was 4.1%, but almost doubled among the overweight/obese. The Westernized diet consistently linked to worse cardiovascular risk markers, even independently of physical practice. Intensive or competitive physical activity was associated with decreased triglycerides (p = 0.003), regardless of diet. Future prospective studies are warranted to validate these results externally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Lifestyle Promoting Healthy Weight Strategies in Children and Adolescents)
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 401-450 on page 9 of 16.
Back to TopTop