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Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition in Chronic Diseases–Prevention, Treatment and Life Quality Management

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8816

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Prof. Dr. Marta Stelmach-Mardas

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Department of Obesity Treatment, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
Interests: diet-related diseases; gut microbiota; life quality assessment tools
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The improvement of the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases represents a major challenge for medical professionals. Generally, the treatment of cancer patients or IBD patients aims to mitigate side effects and significantly influences the body composition, leading to malnutrition, as a further prognostic factor negatively impacting patient survival. Clinical and home-based settings and infrastructure differ in their potential for the assessment of patients’ nutritional status. However, they do create space for the application of personalized dietary interventions designed for individual patients, as well as better QoL management. We invite authors to submit papers adopting a practical approach to this field of research whose findings may be translated into clinical practice so as to better guide the care of patients with chronic diseases.

Prof. Dr. Marta Stelmach-Mardas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

IBD
cancer
nutritional status
diet
body composition

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rectus Femoris Cross-Sectional Area and Phase Angle asPredictors of 12-Month Mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients

by Rocío Fernández-Jiménez, Eva Cabrera Cesar, Ana Sánchez García, Francisco Espíldora Hernández, Isabel M. Vegas-Aguilar, Maria del Mar Amaya-Campos, Isabel Cornejo-Pareja, Patricia Guirado-Peláez, Victor Simón-Frapolli, Mora Murri, Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez, Alvaro Martínez Mesa, Lorena Piñel-Jimenez, Miguel Benítez-Cano Gamonoso, Lara Dalla-Rovere, Maria García Olivares, Jose Luis Velasco-Garrido, Francisco Tinahones-Madueño and José Manuel García-Almeida

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4473; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204473 - 22 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1129

Abstract

Background: The value of the phase angle (PhA), measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), could be considered a good marker of the cell mass and the cell damage of a patient; however, there are new techniques, such as muscle ultrasonography, that allow the quantity and quality of muscle to be assessed in a minimally invasive way. The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of morphofunctional techniques in the prognosis of mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 86 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a mean age of 71 years, 82.7% of whom were male. The nutritional risk of the patients was assessed by means of questionnaires, such as the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and non-invasive functional techniques, including BIA, nutritional ultrasound, and hand grip strength (HGS). Statistical analysis of the sample was performed using JAMOVI version 2.3.22. Results: Correlations were made between the RF-CSA techniques with PhA (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), BCM (r = 0.70, p < 0.001), SMI (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), and HGS (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). The cut-off points for 12-month mortality were PhA = 4.5° (AUC = 0.722, sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 66.6%), BCM = 28.8 kg (AUC = 0.609, sensitivity of 32.4% and specificity of 100.0%), RF-CSA = 3.00 cm² (AUC = 0.857, sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 100.0%), 6MMW = 420 m (AUC = 0.830, sensitivity of 63.27% and specificity of 100.0%), and TUG = 7.2 s (AUC = 0.771, sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 56.67%). In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed with RF-CSA, HR = 8.11 (1.39–47.16, p = 0.020), and PhA of 6.35 (1.29–31.15, p = 0.023), taking into account age, sex, and BMI to determine mortality. Finally, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted with low or normal values for classical parameters (GAP and T6MM) and new parameters (PhA, BCM, RF-CSA, and TUG). Conclusion: RF-CSA and PhA were shown to be good prognostic markers of 12-month mortality and could, therefore, be useful screening tools to complement the nutritional assessment of IPF patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition in Chronic Diseases–Prevention, Treatment and Life Quality Management)

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12 pages, 2084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Influences Body Composition Increasing Risk of Sarcopenia

by Jolanta Korczak, Marcin Mardas, Maria Litwiniuk, Paweł Bogdański and Marta Stelmach-Mardas

Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1631; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071631 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1736

Abstract

Computed tomography (CT) scans used in treatment response assessment in prostate cancer (PCa) patients are a useful tool for nutritional status evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status, including sarcopenia development based on CT scans, in PCa patients and its association with progression-free survival (PFS). Sixty-four PCa patients were included (group 1: 34 patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with docetaxel due to newly diagnosed, hormone-sensitive, metastatic PCa and group 2: 30 patients with castration-resistant metastatic PCa continuing ADT therapy with enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate). Nutritional status was evaluated with anthropometrical parameters, Nutritional Risk Score (NRS), and CT scans at the L3 vertebrae. Survival analyses were performed. According to NRS, nutritional status was significantly related to PFS. In both groups, there was a significant reduction in muscle tissue (total muscle tissue and skeletal muscle index). A significant increase in the distribution of adipose tissue (subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral adipose tissue index) in group one was observed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in patients but with no influence on PFS. Significant reduction in muscle mass and increase in fat mass was observed in patients treated for PCa with no impact on PFS. The NRS was related to PFS in PCa patients and associated with body composition, assessed by CT after the castration therapy. Long-term castration combined with abiraterone therapy with prednisone or enzalutamide significantly influenced muscle tissue and may lead to sarcopenia development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition in Chronic Diseases–Prevention, Treatment and Life Quality Management)

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18 pages, 350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptation and Validation of the Well-Being Related to Food Questionnaire (Well-BFQ©) for the French-Speaking General Adult Population of Québec, Canada

by Andrée-Anne Doyon, Alexandra Bédard, Catherine Trudel-Guy, Louise Corneau and Simone Lemieux

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051128 - 23 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1153

Abstract

Efforts to develop effective strategies that improve dietary intake are needed; however, this improvement in diet quality must not be at the expense of well-being. The Well-Being related to Food Questionnaire (Well-BFQ©) is a tool that has been developed in France to comprehensively measure food well-being. Even though the same language is spoken in France and in Québec, cultural and linguistic differences are present, which supports the importance of adapting and validating this tool before its use in the Québec population. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Well-BFQ© for the French-speaking general adult population of Québec, Canada. The Well-BFQ© underwent a full linguistic adaptation process, including an expert panel adaptation step, a pretest among 30 French-speaking adult (18–65 years) Quebecers, and a final proofreading. The questionnaire was thereafter administered to 203 French-speaking adult Quebecers (49.3% females, M_AGE = 34.9, SD = 13.5; 88.2% Caucasians; 54.2% with a university degree). The exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor structure: (1) food well-being related to physical and psychological health (27 items) and (2) food well-being related to symbolic/pleasure of food (32 items). Internal consistency was adequate, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.92 and 0.93, respectively, for the subscales, and 0.94 for the total scale. The total food well-being score, as well as the two subscale scores, were associated with psychological and eating-related variables in expected directions. Overall, the adapted version of the Well-BFQ© was found to be a valid instrument to measure food well-being in the French-speaking general adult population of Québec, Canada. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition in Chronic Diseases–Prevention, Treatment and Life Quality Management)

Review

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24 pages, 464 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutritional Care in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

by Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi and Susanna Esposito

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030479 - 17 Jan 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4303

Abstract

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure, mostly due to malabsorption caused by the derangement in the chloride transport across epithelial surfaces. Thus, optimal nutritional care and support should be an integral part of the management of the disease, with the aim of ameliorating clinical outcomes and life expectancy. In this report, we analyzed the nutrition support across the different ages, in patients with CF, with a focus on the relationships with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes and the use of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators. The nutrition support goal in CF care should begin as early as possible after diagnosis and include the achievement of an optimal nutritional status to support the growth stages and puberty development in children, that will further support the maintenance of an optimal nutritional status in adult life. The cornerstone of nutrition in patients with CF is a high calorie, high-fat diet, in conjunction with a better control of malabsorption due to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and attention to the adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. When the oral caloric intake is not enough for reaching the anthropometric nutritional goals, supplemental enteral feeding should be initiated to improve growth and the nutritional status. In the last decade, the therapeutic possibilities towards CF have grown in a consistent way. The positive effects of CFTR modulators on nutritional status mainly consist in the improvement in weight gain and BMI, both in children and adults, and in an amelioration in terms of the pulmonary function and reduction of exacerbations. Several challenges need to be overcome with the development of new drugs, to transform CF from a fatal disease to a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition in Chronic Diseases–Prevention, Treatment and Life Quality Management)

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