2026 September - 63 articles
Accurate battery models must generalize to unseen operating routes while supporting terminal-voltage prediction and recursive state-of-charge (SOC) estimation. This study evaluates whether physics-guided residual learning improves complete-route gene...
The power performance (high-rate capability) of laser-structured electrodes for graphite and NMC 811 were evaluated at different electrolyte concentrations and electrode thicknesses. Line patterning was used to create microstructures via femtosecond...
Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for energy management and safety control in battery management systems (BMSs). Conventional methods, such as Coulomb counting and open-circuit voltage methods, are...
Track-etched polycarbonate membranes (PC-TeMs) offer a structurally supported and well-defined nanoporous architecture, but their intrinsically low ionic conductivity limits their direct application as solid-state electrolytes in supercapacitors. Her...
Thermal runaway (TR) initiation and propagation tests are essential for evaluating the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, differences among existing standards in application scenarios, test levels, initiation methods, boundary condition...
Equivalent-circuit models (ECMs) are widely used in battery management systems. However, scheduled resistance and capacitance changes can make numerical histories inconsistent with physical polarisation states. This paper introduces BATTLM, a Transmi...
The rapid growth of electric vehicles will generate a substantial volume of retired lithium-ion batteries over the coming years. Although many of these batteries no longer satisfy the performance requirements of mobile applications, they often retain...
Accurate capacity estimation is essential for lithium-ion battery health monitoring and safe operation, yet conventional capacity measurements based on complete charge–discharge tests are difficult to implement online. This study investigates f...
The air-feeding system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) delivers oxygen for electrochemical reactions while critically influencing stack power, efficiency, and durability. Compared to hydrogen supply, air management poses greater techn...
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising electrochemical energy conversion technologies owing to their high efficiency, rapid dynamic response, and low-emission operation. Their performance is governed by strongly coupled electroche...
Fault diagnosis in grid-connected grid-forming hybrid energy storage station (GFM-HESS) systems is challenging because fault transients are jointly affected by converter control dynamics, multi-source electrical couplings, operating-condition variati...
The second-life utilization of retired power batteries is critically constrained by high cell-to-cell variability in capacity and internal resistance, which severely reduces the usable capacity of repacked modules. To overcome this challenge, this pa...
The growing adoption of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) batteries in renewable energy storage systems is expected to generate substantial volumes of end-of-life batteries, presenting both waste-management challenges and opportunities for critic...
Additive-free methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) electrodes were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) directly on Cu foil to investigate Li-storage kinetics while minimizing electrochemical and interfacial contributions associated with p...
Accurate monitoring of battery capacity degradation underpins reliable battery operation. Existing methods either estimate the current-cycle maximum capacity via full charge–discharge curves or reconstruct the current full charging curve using...
Accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for ensuring the safety, reliability, and longevity of electric vehicles, battery energy storage systems, and other energy applications. This paper presents a comp...
Direct recycling of lithium-ion battery (LIB) materials is a low-cost option for recovering critical materials due to the savings associated with the retention of the spent cathode’s crystal structure. In practice, end-of-life (EOL) recovered b...
Lead–acid batteries remain promising for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost, robustness, and recyclability. This study investigates the effect of synthesis temperature and dopant content on the structural and electrochemical prope...
Pouch cells in automotive modules age and may experience mechanical abuse while mechanically confined, yet almost all published comparisons of fresh and aged cells release the aging constraint before the abuse test. In the present work, three commerc...
This study addresses the lack of quantitative understanding regarding vent-gas combustion feedback in thermal runaway propagation of manganese-based prismatic battery modules. We develop a coupled multiphysics model integrating solid heat transfer, r...
Accurate cross-dataset state-of-health prediction for lithium-ion batteries remains challenging due to distribution shifts arising from diverse cathode chemistries, operating temperatures, and charge–discharge protocols across heterogeneous bat...
Battery prognosis is a critical component of battery management systems, enabling the prediction of end of life (EoL) and remaining useful life (RUL). However, obtaining sufficiently large labelled datasets for data-driven prognosis is challenging be...
Accurate battery state estimation is essential for electric-vehicle battery management systems (BMSs), directly improving their safety, durability, and operational reliability. This study proposes an integrated degradation-diagnosis framework that is...
Lithium-ion batteries undergo coupled thermal and mechanical responses during operation, which are closely related to their safety and reliability. However, simultaneously monitoring the surface temperature and strain fields of large-format prismatic...
The discovery of energy materials increasingly couples high-throughput computation with machine learning, but the data and models behind a given study are rarely left in a state that lets others, or the original authors months later, re-run or extend...
The large-scale deployment of battery electric trucks (BETs) requires well-developed charging infrastructure; however, existing planning approaches often neglect capacity constraints and the uncertainty inherent in microscopic charging behavior. This...
The rapid growth of renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind power, has increased the demand for efficient and reliable battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to address intermittency, enhance grid stability, and improve energy managemen...
Large volume expansions due to lithiation create problems for silicon anode mechanical stability, as volume changes apply large stresses to the electrode composite and copper current collector. The resulting mechanical damage includes current collect...
Carbon-fiber structural batteries represent a class of multifunctional energy-storage systems that integrate electrochemical energy storage with mechanical load-bearing capability. Unlike conventional batteries, which are mainly evaluated based on ce...
This study aims to verify and improve the Electrical Equivalent Circuit Model (EECM) for a regenerated VW e-Golf cell and to develop a verification and optimization framework that enhances simulation accuracy. The model is based on an identified set...
We propose a two-stage joint estimation method combining a multi-physics-constrained physics-informed neural network (PINN) with an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) for lithium-ion battery state-of-charge (SOC) estimation. Three constraints&mda...
Thermal runaway (TR) severity can be ranked using absolute or energy-normalised heat and by the pathway through which heat leaves the cell, but whether these definitions identify the same high-hazard cells remains unclear. We analysed 98 non-ISC heat...
Commercial polyolefin separators for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit only inadequate wettability and thermal stability. In large-scale production, high electrolyte uptake and wetting are essential to enable rapid electrolyte filling during batte...
Thermal runaway propagation in large-capacity battery energy storage systems can be driven by casing conduction, vented products, and pack-level thermal coupling. This study experimentally evaluated whether a static dielectric-liquid boundary can pre...
Accurate diagnosis of micro short-circuits (MSCs) is essential for ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Unlike conventional electric vehicles, eVTOL batteries normally operate u...
To address the limitations of individual battery thermal management technologies, this study proposes a hybrid battery thermal management system coupling static immersion cooling with refrigerant-based direct cooling. The system employs parallel uppe...
Over the last decade, the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the importance of robust battery management systems (BMSs) to mitigate cell imbalance driven by manufacturing tolerances, thermal gradients, and non-uniform aging. To...
Battery state-of-health (SOH) benchmarks often mix cycles from the same cell across training and test sets. We examined whether predictor structure changes the gap between within-cell interpolation and cross-cell transfer. Seven regressors and five p...
In grid-connected smart integrated energy systems with high shares of renewable generation, source-side variability and inadequate coordination among battery storage, other energy carriers, and the external grid limit local renewable-electricity util...
Long-term degradation of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is strongly coupled with the evolution of discharge direct current internal resistance (DCIR). This work employs 213 constant-current cycles on a 4 cm2 single cell to examine the associat...
Accurate and robust state-of-health (SOH) estimation is essential for efficient battery management systems (BMS), especially in practical scenarios suffering from severe cell-to-cell inconsistencies and data distribution shifts. Although prevailing d...
Accurate state of charge (SoC) estimation is of primary importance in terms of safe and efficient management of energy storage systems (ESSs). In this regard, data-driven frameworks offer the advantage of rapid execution during online operations. Nev...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) typically operate within a temperature range of 20–50 °C, depending on the chemical composition and application of the battery. Overheating may lead to degradation and thermal runaway, while overcooling may caus...
Battery reactions and degradation processes frequently originate or evolve at buried interfaces, extend through complex three-dimensional composite architectures, and change with electrochemical state. Analysis of an exposed surface or an arbitrarily...
Battery-management systems observe current, terminal voltage, limited temperature measurements, and operating setpoints, but not the internal variables of electrochemical theory, so routine signals generally cannot identify a unique mechanism. We pre...
Solid-state sodium metal batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage owing to their high safety, abundant sodium resources, and low material cost. However, NASICON-type solid-state electrolytes, such as Na3Zr2Si2PO12, still suffer from lim...
This study involved connecting four 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries in series. An ABS structure produced using a 3D printer was then filled with salt hydrate phase change material (PCM). The batteries were then tested in two separate systems:...
Sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) are promising for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) due to their high ionic conductivity, mechanical deformability, and interfacial compatibility. However, SSE interfaces with anodes, cathodes, conductive ad...
Accurate online state of health (SoH) estimation, especially for highly degraded second-life batteries (SLBs), is critical for the safe and efficient operation of any Battery Management System (BMS). However, existing data-driven estimation methods t...
Supercapacitors require electrode materials with highly developed microporosity, which can be easily achieved via chemical activation. Physical activation is a more practical and environmentally benign route because of its technical feasibility and t...
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