Universe, Volume 8, Issue 1

We re-examine the appearance of semiheaps and (para-associative) ternary algebras in quantum mechanics. In particular, we review the construction of a semiheap on a Hilbert space and the set of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. The new aspect of...

The late universe contains a wealth of information about fundamental physics and gravity, wrapped up in non-Gaussian fields. To make use of as much information as possible, it is necessary to go beyond two-point statistics. Rather than going to highe...

The initial reports of the presence of phosphine in the cloud decks of Venus have led to the suggestion that volcanism is the source of phosphine, through volcanic phosphides ejected into the clouds. Here, we examine the idea that mantle plume volcan...

We describe a model of artificial intelligence systems based on the dimension of the probability space of the input set available for recognition. In this scenario, we can understand a subset, which means that we can decide whether an object is an el...

The Event Horizon Telescope collaboration has revealed the first direct image of a black hole, as per the shadow of a Kerr black hole of general relativity. However, other Kerr-like rotating black holes of modified gravity theories cannot be ignored,...

This work is based on the formalism developed in the study of the thermodynamics of spacetime used to derive Einstein equations from the proportionality of entropy within an area. When low-energy quantum gravity effects are considered, an extra logar...

We consider the fourth-order differential theory of gravitation to treat the problem of singularity avoidance: studying the short-distance behaviour in the case of black-holes and the big-bang we are going to see a way to attack the issue from a gene...

The primary goal of this Special Issue was to create a collection of reviews on the modern approaches to the problem of quark confinement in QCD [...]

Neutron star is an important object for us to verify the equation of state of hadronic matter. For a specific choice of equations of state, mass and radius of a neutron star are determined, for which there are constraints from observations. According...

In this paper, we study the perturbations of the charged static spherically symmetric black holes in the $f\left(R\right)=R-2\alpha \sqrt{R}$ model by a scalar field. We analyze the quasinormal modes spectrum, superradiant modes, and superradiant instability of th...

The SPHERE project studies primary cosmic rays by detection of the Cherenkov light of extensive air showers reflected from the snow covered surface of the earth. Measurements with the aerial-based detector SPHERE-2 were performed in 2011–2013....

We discuss the evolution of stars through the asymptotic giant branch, focusing on the physical mechanisms potentially able to alter the surface chemical composition and on how changes in the chemistry of the external regions affect the physical prop...

Little is known about the first stars, but hints on this stellar population can be derived from the peculiar chemical composition of the most metal-poor objects in the Milky Way and in resolved stellar populations of nearby galaxies. In this paper, w...

Following the interpretation of matter source that the energy-momentum tensor of anisotropic fluid can be dealt with effectively as the energy-momentum tensor of perfect fluid plus linear (Maxwell) electromagnetic field, we obtain the regular higher-...

Neutrinos are a powerful tool for searching physics beyond the standard model of elementary particles. In this review, we present the status of the research on charge-parity-time (CPT) symmetry and Lorentz invariance violations using neutrinos emitte...

The PBH clusters can be sources of gravitational waves, and the merger rate depends on the spatial distribution of PBHs in the cluster which changes over time. It is well known that gravitational collisional systems experience the core collapse that...

The central goal of this manuscript is to survey the relationships between fundamental physics and computer science. We begin by providing a short historical review of how different concepts of computer science have entered the field of fundamental p...

A comprehensive statistical analysis on the properties and accompanied phenomena of all M-class solar flares (as measured in soft X-rays) in the last two solar cycles (1996–2019) is presented here with a focus on their space weather potential....

A review of the current status of the linear stability of black holes and naked singularities is given. The standard modal approach, that takes advantage of the background symmetries and analyze separately the harmonic components of linear perturbati...

Dark matter searches have been ongoing for three decades; the lack of a positive discovery of the main candidate, the WIMP, after dedicated efforts, has put axions and axion-like particles in the spotlight. The three main techniques employed to searc...

Time in quantum gravity is not a well-defined notion despite its central role in the very definition of dynamics. Using the formalism of quantum geometrodynamics, we briefly review the problem and illustrate it with two proposed solutions. Our main a...

The prediction of solar energetic particle (SEP) events may help to improve the mitigation of adverse effects on humans and technology in space. UMASEP (University of Málaga Solar particle Event Predictor) is an empirical model scheme that pre...

As an important index of solar activity, the 10.7-cm solar radio flux (F_10.7) can indicate changes in the solar EUV radiation, which plays an important role in the relationship between the Sun and the Earth. Therefore, it is valuable to study and for...

We analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of positively and negatively charged pions (${\pi }^{+}$ and ${\pi }^{-}$), positively and negatively charged kaons ($K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$), protons and antiprotons (p and $\overline{p}$), as well as $\varphi$ produced in mid-(pse...

Grand unified theories (GUTs) may result in the $E_6$-inspired composite Higgs model (E${}_6$CHM) at low energies, almost stabilizing the electroweak scale. We consider an orbifold GUT in 6 dimensions in which the $E_6$-gauge group is broken to the gauge symmet...

We investigated compact stars consisting of cold quark matter and fermionic dark matter treated as two admixed fluids. We computed the stellar structures and fundamental radial oscillation frequencies of different masses of the dark fermion in the ca...

Recent discovery of fast blue optical transients (FBOTs)—a new class of energetic transient sources—can shed light on the long-standing problem of supernova—long gamma-ray burst connections. A distinctive feature of such objects is...

While it is tempting to think of closed time-like curves (CTCs) around rotating bodies, such as a black hole, as being “caused” by the rotation of the source, Andréka et al. pointed out that the underlying physics are not as straig...

Relativistic Astrophysics is the branch of astrophysics that studies astronomical phenomena and celestial bodies, for which classical mechanics and Newton’s law of gravitation are inapplicable to creation of suitable models and we have to gener...

After a brief summary of the four main veins in the treatment of decoherence and quantum to classical transition in cosmology since the 1980s, we focus on one of these veins in the study of quantum decoherence of cosmological perturbations in inflati...

Primordial magnetic field generated in the inflationary era can act as a viable source for the present day intergalactic magnetic field of sufficient strength. We present a fundamental origin for such a primordial generation of the magnetic field, na...

The $(n,\alpha )$ reaction contributes in many processes of energy generation and nucleosynthesis in stellar environment. Since experimental data are available for a limited number of nuclei and in restricted energy ranges, at present only theoretical...

Neutron-rich Sr nuclei around $N=60$ exhibit a sudden shape transition from a spherical ground state to strongly prolate-deformed. Recently, much new insight into the structure of Sr isotopes in this region has been gained through experimental studies...

I discuss some issues related to the noncommutative spaces $\kappa$ and its angular variant $\rho$-Minkowski with particular emphasis on the role of observers.

In this paper, we studied the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave events. The probability that an observed gravitational wave source has been (de-)amplified by a given amount is a detector-dependent quantity which depends on different ingredi...

The governing equations of Maxwell electrodynamics in multi-dimensional spaces are derived from the variational principle of least action, which is applied to the action function of the electromagnetic field. The Hamiltonian approach for the electrom...

This Special Issue concerns inflation, black holes and gravitational waves [...]

We review dark energy models that can present non-negligible fluctuations on scales smaller than Hubble radius. Both linear and nonlinear evolutions of dark energy fluctuations are discussed. The linear evolution has a well-established framework, bas...

Several approaches to quantum gravity imply the presence of a minimal measurable length at high energies. This is in tension with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Such a contrast is then considered in phenomenological approaches to quantum gravi...

We perform empirical fits to the Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra of three ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891, monitoring the region over a 17-year time window. One of these sources was visible since the early 1990s...

Making use of the higher dimensional global embedding Minkowski spacetime (GEMS), we embed (3 + 1)-dimensional Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström (RN) black holes written by the Painlevé-Gullstrand (PG) spacetimes, which have off-diagon...

In the last few years, the modeling of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars has been much investigated, both focusing on nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution aspects. Recent advances in the input physics required for stellar computations made it poss...

The origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and the nature of dark matter are two of the most challenging problems in cosmology. We propose a scenario in which the gravitational collapse of large inhomogeneities at the quark-hadron epoch...

SS433 is the first example of a microquasar discovered in the Galaxy. It is a natural laboratory for studies of extraordinarily interesting physical processes that are very important for the relativistic astrophysics, cosmic gas dynamics and theory o...

We analyze the Hamiltonian equivalence between Jordan and Einstein frames considering a mini-superspace model of the flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Universe in the Brans–Dicke theory. Hamiltonian equatio...

Long range scalar fields with a coupling to matter appear to violate known bounds on gravitation in the solar system and the laboratory. This is evaded thanks to screening mechanisms. In this short review, we shall present the various screening mecha...

This paper is devoted to the dual superconductor model of confinement in the 4D Yang–Mills theory. In the first part, we consider the latter theory compactified on a torus, and use the dual superconductor model in order to obtain the Polchinski...

We have analyzed the distribution of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the effective surface intensity vs. effective radius ($I_e-R_e$) plane and in the total luminosity vs. central stellar velocity dispersion ($L-\sigma$) diagram, with the aim of studying the phys...

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) represent one of the most exciting astrophysical discoveries of the recent past. The study of their low-frequency emission, which was only effectively picked up about ten years after their discovery, has helped shape the fiel...

We revisit universal features of duality in linear and nonlinear relativistic scalar and Abelian 1-form theories with single or multiple fields, which exhibit ordinary or generalized global symmetries. We show that such global symmetries can be inter...