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Axioms, Volume 14, Issue 11

November 2025 - 81 articles

Cover Story: The Dirac equation is extended to provide mass to an otherwise massless charge embedded in its rest frame within a fluctuating vacuum four-potential. We discuss the gauge-invariant conditions that this potential must satisfy, yielding a mass proportional to the charge magnitude times its mean Lorentz scalar. This result is valid for both spacelike and timelike four-vectors. The model is then applied to estimate the millicharge and magnetic moment of a Dirac neutrino. A novel scaling relation between these two quantities is obtained, yielding values in excellent agreement with current experimental bounds. Furthermore, a lower bound of the neutrino mass is predicted, which can be tested in future experiments. View this paper
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Articles (81)

  • Article
  • Open Access
178 Views
23 Pages

20 November 2025

In this paper, we investigate a fuzzy Hilfer fractional evolution equation of type 0<β<1 and order 1<α<2 subject to nonlocal conditions. Using the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous cosine family, we define a mild...

  • Article
  • Open Access
185 Views
16 Pages

On Generalized One-kZero Numbers

  • Paula M. M. C. Catarino,
  • Grieg A. Costa and
  • Eudes A. Costa

20 November 2025

In this study is introduced a novel generalization of repunit and one-zero numbers through the formulation of the generalized One-kZero. This sequence extends the classical families of repunit and one-zero numbers by establishing a unified framework...

  • Article
  • Open Access
139 Views
53 Pages

20 November 2025

In this paper, a k/n(G) retrial system with multiple working vacations is considered, and a mathematical model of the system is established by supplementary variable method, and a dynamic analysis of the system is carried out. Firstly, the model is t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
218 Views
12 Pages

Remarks on the Green’s Matrix of a General Incompressible Oldroyd-B System

  • Yongtong Liu,
  • Qiqing Li,
  • Jinrui Huang and
  • Bingyuan Huang

20 November 2025

In this manuscript, we study a general incompressible Oldroyd-B system and first establish a new interpretation for the Green’s matrix and then establish the pointwise estimates for the Green’s matrix, especially for the high-frequency pa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
222 Views
24 Pages

18 November 2025

In this paper, we initiate the study of the asymptotic and oscillatory properties of solutions to third-order functional differential equations. Using the Riccati transformation to eliminate the existence of non-oscillatory solutions, we derive vario...

  • Article
  • Open Access
198 Views
25 Pages

18 November 2025

The transportation problem (TP) is a canonical linear programming model for minimizing the cost of distributing goods from multiple sources to multiple destinations. Classical TPs assume deterministic costs, supplies, and demands, whereas real supply...

  • Article
  • Open Access
173 Views
43 Pages

18 November 2025

This work presents a complete and definitive characterization of all cases where every linear combination of two commuting essentially cubic matrices results in a quadratic matrix, thereby extending existing contributions in the literature. To facili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
126 Views
41 Pages

18 November 2025

This study examines the trapping of linear water waves by an endless structure of stationary, three-dimensional periodic obstacles within a two-layer fluid system. The setup features a lower layer of either limited or unlimited depth, overlaid by an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
136 Views
19 Pages

18 November 2025

We systematically exploit a new generalized hypergeometric identity to obtain new hypergeometric summation formulas. As a consistency test, alternative proofs for some special cases are also provided. As a byproduct, new summation formulas with finit...

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Axioms - ISSN 2075-1680