Tsunami monitoring and early warning systems are mainly established to deal with seismogenic tsunamis generated by sudden seafloor fault displacement. However, a global tsunami triggered by the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption promoted the need for tsuna...
The practice of monitoring active volcanoes, includes several techniques using either direct or remote measurements, the latter being more important for volcanoes with limited accessibility. We present the Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCAN...
Organizations responsible for seismic and volcanic monitoring worldwide mainly gather information from instrumental networks composed of specialized sensors, data-loggers, and transmission equipment. This information must be available in seismologica...
Volcanic clouds pose significant threats to air traffic, human health, and economic activity, making early detection and monitoring crucial. Accurate determination of eruptive source parameters is crucial for forecasting and implementing preventive m...
The products of explosive volcanic eruptions, in particular, volcanic ash, can pose a severe hazard to, for example, international aviation. Detecting volcanic clouds and monitoring their dispersal is hence, the subject of intensive current research....
This work presents an automated method for detecting and monitoring volcanic islands in the Tonga archipelago using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The method is able to detect newly created islands, as well as an increase in island size, a possible pr...
Continuous global monitoring of volcanic activity from space requires balancing spatial and temporal resolution, a long-standing trade-off between polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites. Polar sensors such as MODIS, VIIRS, and SLSTR provide high...
The La Fossa volcano is near the inhabited zone of the island of Vulcano and is a suitable case for studying gas sources of different geological origins. Since the last eruption, fumarolic-solfataric activity has interested this area with fumarolic e...
The NEMO-SN1 seafloor observatory, located 2100 m below sea level and about 40 km from Mt. Etna volcano, normally records a background seismic signal called oceanographic noise. This signal is characterized by high amplitude increases, lasting up to...
Thermal infrared cameras sense the temperature information of sensed scenes. With the development of UASs (Unmanned Aircraft Systems), thermal infrared cameras can now be carried on a quadcopter UAV (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) to appropriately collec...
Carbon dioxide produced by human activities (i.e., use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and livestock farming) is the main greenhouse gas causing global warming. In 2020, the concentration in the atmosphere exceeded the pre-industrial level by 48% (be...
The global, near-real-time monitoring of volcano thermal activity has become feasible through thermal infrared sensors on various satellite platforms, which enable accurate estimations of volcanic emissions. Specifically, these sensors facilitate rel...
20 December 2022
Lakes play an important role in providing various ecosystem services. However, stressors such as climate change, land use, or land-cover change threaten the ecological functions of lakes. National and international legislations address these threats...
Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR) is now a key geophysical tool for surface deformation studies. The European Commission’s Sentinel-1 Constellation began acquiring data systematically in late 2014. The data, whic...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can deliver rapid, spatially resolved measurements of volcanic gases that often precede eruptions, yet most deployments remain manual or preplanned and are slow to react to seismic unrest. In the present work, we prese...
This paper describes the development of a low-cost multiparameter acquisition system for volcanic monitoring that is applicable to gravimetry and geodesy, as well as to the visual monitoring of volcanic activity. The acquisition system was developed...
Fumaroles represent evidence of volcanic activity, emitting steam and volcanic gases at temperatures between 70 and 100 ∘ C . Due to the well-known advantages of thermoelectricity, such as reliability, reduced maintenance and scalability, t...
Sakurajima in Japan is one of the world’s most active volcanoes. This paper presents the results of a petrological study of the Showa Crater volcanic ash samples ejected from January 2011 to November 2012 from Sakurajima. The aim of this paper is to...
On Vulcano Island (Italy), many geochemical crises have occurred during the last 130 years of solfataric activity. The main crises occurred in 1978–1980, 1988–1991, 1996, 2004–2007, 2009–2010 and the ongoing 2021 anomalous deg...
Although there is an important lack of commercial thermoelectric applications mainly due to their low efficiency, there exist some cases in which thermoelectric generators are the best option thanks to their well-known advantages, such as reliability...
In this paper, we present a method for hyperspectral retrieval using multispectral satellite images. The method consists of the use of training spectral data with a compressive capability. By using principal component analysis (PCA), a proper number...
Land Surface Temperature (LST) from satellite data is a key component in many aspects of environmental research. In volcanic areas, LST is used to detect ground thermal anomalies providing a supplementary tool to monitor the activity status of a part...
Volcanic gas emissions, particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2), are crucial for volcano monitoring. SO2 has a significant impact on air quality, the climate, and human health, making it a critical component of volcano monitoring programs. Additionally, SO...
One of the major concerns of concrete industries is to develop materials that consume less natural virgin resources and energy to make sustainable construction practices. Efforts have been made and even implemented to use the waste/by product materia...
Soil temperature, a key factor in subsurface geochemical processes, is influenced by environmental and geological dynamics. This study analyzed hourly soil temperature variations at depths of 10 to 100 cm near the Sakurajima volcano, alongside concur...
Thermal infrared (TIR) ground observations are a well-established method for investigating surface temperature variations in thermally anomalous areas. However, commercially available technical solutions are currently limited, often offering propriet...
In recent years, some volcanic eruptions have focused scientists’ attention on the detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds, as their impact on the air traffic control system has been unprecedented. In 2010, the Eyjafjallajökull eruptio...
Since 2016, Stromboli volcano has shown an increase of both frequency and energy of the volcanic activity; two strong paroxysms occurred on 3 July and 28 August 2019. The paroxysms were followed by a series of major explosions, which culminated on Ja...
Monitoring volcanic phenomena is a key question, for both volcanological research and for civil protection purposes. This is particularly true in densely populated volcanic areas, like the Campi Flegrei caldera, which includes part of the large city...
This study employs advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques, specifically the small baseline subset (SBAS) method, to analyze ground deformation dynamics on Aegina, a volcanic island within the Hellenic Volcanic Arc. Using Sentinel-1 satell...
Improving the capability to detect volcanic explosive activity could be strategic for the task of a volcano observatory to inform civil protection authorities and air traffic controllers. The detection of explosive volcanic activity can be done in re...
Satellite data provide crucial information to better understand volcanic processes and mitigate associated risks. In recent years, exploiting the growing number of spaceborne polar platforms, several automated volcanic monitoring systems have been de...
In volcanic areas, where it can be difficult to perform direct surveys, digital photogrammetry techniques are rarely adopted for routine volcano monitoring. Nevertheless, they have remarkable potentialities for observing active volcanic features (e.g...
During January–February 2025, the Santorini volcanic complex experienced intense seismic activity, increasing interest and concern regarding the possible reactivation of the magmatic system. This study investigates the spatial and magnitude dis...
Stromboli’s volcanic activity fluctuates in intensity and style, and periods of heightened activity can trigger hazardous events such as crater collapses and lava overflows. This study investigates the volcano’s explosive behavior surroun...
Tephra plumes from explosive volcanic eruptions can be hazardous for the lives and livelihoods of people living in the proximity of volcanoes. Monitoring and forecasting tephra plumes play essential roles in the detection, characterization and hazard...
Modern volcano monitoring commonly involves Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements to identify ground motions caused by volcanic activity. However, InSAR is largely affected by changes in atmospheric refractivity, in particular...
Fuego volcano (Guatemala) is one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in the world. Its persistent activity generates lava flows, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), and lahars that threaten the surrounding areas and produce frequent morpholog...
Surface temperatures derived by 208 ASTER and L8 satellite imagery were analysed to test multiscale and multitemporal capability through available sets of thermal data to support the volcanic monitoring of Vulcano Island in Italy. The analysis of the...
Volcanic eruptions stand as destructive threats to adjacent communities, unleashing multiple hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, pyroclastic flows, and toxic gases. The imperative for proactive management of volcanic risks and communities’ a...
Mild thermal anomalies are sensitive to change in the advection processes in a volcanic system. A mild thermal anomaly, near the top of the North-East Rift of Mt. Etna (Italy), has been monitored from January 2010 to September 2012 by means of four t...
The presence of volcanic clouds in the atmosphere affects air quality, the environment, climate, human health and aviation safety. The importance of the detection and retrieval of volcanic SO2 lies with risk mitigation as well as with the possibility...
Expansive soils undergo significant volume changes with moisture fluctuations, posing persistent challenges for infrastructure due to heave, settlement, and loss of bearing capacity. Stabilization is a common mitigation strategy, though traditional b...
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the most-used sensors for monitoring volcanoes and has been providing time series of Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP) on a global scale for two decades now. In this work, we analyzed t...
Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being embedded into assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynami...
Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system se...
In this study, we present the hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterisation and monitoring activity of a closed landfill located in the northern sector of the Phlegrean Fields groundwater body in the Campania Region (Southern Italy)...
The Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) instrument aboard the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG-I) geostationary satellite, launched in December 2022 and operational since September 2024, by providing shortwave infrared (SWIR), medium infrared (MIR) and ther...
On 21 May 2023, a hidden eruption occurred at the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Etna (Italy); indeed, bad weather prevented its direct and remote observation. Tephra fell toward the southwest, and two lava flows propagated along the SEC’s southern...
La Palma is one of the youngest of the Canary Islands, and historically the most active. The recent activity and unrest in the archipelago, the moderate seismicity observed in 2017 and 2018 and the possibility of catastrophic landslides related to th...
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