This paper presents techniques for the application of tertiary and secondary voltage control through the use of intelligent proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers and the wide area measurement system (WAMS) in the IEEE 39 bus system (New...
This paper presents secondary voltage control by extracting reactive power from renewable power technologies to control load buses voltage in a power system at different operating conditions. The study is performed on a 100% renewable 14-bus system....
This paper presents the application of fuzzy logic PID secondary voltage control to the Egyptian power system model. The study included tertiary voltage control, Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) configuration, a selection of pilot buses, and fuzzy...
Microgrids deal with challenges presented by intermittent distributed generation, electrical faults and mode transition. To address these issues, to understand their static and dynamic behavior, and to develop control systems, it is necessary to repr...
This paper introduces a distributed secondary control algorithm for automatic generation control (AGC) and automatic voltage control (AVC), which aims at matching area generation to area load and minimizing the total generation cost in an alternating...
To achieve accurate reactive power sharing and voltage frequency and amplitude restoration in low-voltage microgrids, a control strategy combining an improved droop control with distributed secondary power optimization control is proposed. The active...
This paper focuses on the robust distributed secondary voltage restoration control of AC microgrids (MGs) under multiple communication delays and nonlinear model uncertainties. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the generators’ l...
The proposed hierarchical secondary voltage control is a spatially distributed control system using communication networks which are disturbed by both a time delays and packet data dropouts. A state feedback integral control is adopted to eliminate t...
As an important form of distributed renewable energy utilization and consumption, the multi-parallel inverter microgrid system works in both an isolated and grid-connected operation mode. Secondary-frequency and voltage-regulation control are very im...
A high share of distributed energy resources (DERs) in power distribution grids has posed many challenges for system operation and control. Microgrid (MG) application with different distributed control approaches for DERs has been drawn a lot of atte...
This paper studies the distributed secondary control of DC microgrids (MGs) in the case of asynchronous sampling, including both the stability condition and accurate consensus algorithm. The asynchrony means that the update actions of each distribute...
This paper proposes a novel cooperative voltage control strategy for an isolated microgrid based on the multi-agent advantage actor-critic (MA2C) algorithm. The proposed method facilitates the collaborative operation of a distributed energy system (D...
Multiphase electric drives (EDs) offer important advantages for high-demand applications. However, they require appropriate high-performance control strategies. In this context, finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) emerges as a promi...
To solve the problems of frequency and voltage deviation caused by the droop control while meeting the requirements of rapid response, a distributed finite-time secondary control scheme is presented. Unlike the traditional cooperative controllers, th...
In this paper, a new voltage cooperative control strategy for a distributed power generation system is proposed based on the multi-agent advantage actor-critic (MA2C) algorithm, which realizes flexible management and effective control of distributed...
This paper proposes an optimal control scheme based on a synchronized phasor (synchrophasor) for power system secondary voltage control. The framework covers voltage stability monitoring and control. Specifically, a voltage stability margin estimatio...
Stand-alone DC microgrids have multiple distributed generation (DG) sources that meet the required demand (load) by using droop control to achieve load (current) sharing between the DGs. The use of droop control leads to a voltage drop at the DC bus....
In an islanded DC microgrid with multiple distributed generators (DGs), the droop control is employed to realize proportional current sharing among the DGs in the microgrid. The action of the droop control causes a deviation in the DC bus voltage whi...
Performance analysis is challenging in modern power distribution networks due to the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) interfaced by voltage source converters (VSCs). Parameter uncertainty, black-box models of the componen...
In this research study, a multiterminal voltage source converter (VSC) medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution network hierarchical control scheme is proposed for renewable energy (RE) integration in a co-simulation environment of MATLAB and PSCAD/EMTD...
The operation of power systems has been complicated by the rapid diversification of loads. Analyzing load characteristics becomes necessary to different utilities in energy management systems to ensure the reliability of power systems. Here, we descr...
An innovative distributed secondary control technique for balanced current sharing and voltage regulation for an off-grid DC microgrid setup is presented in this research. The droop control scheme is conventionally used for current sharing amongst di...
Although voltage regulation in distributed generation (DG) in offshore wind power systems has been deeply studied, information on the global communication network structure and high communication bandwidths still remain key factors restricting the in...
There is a growing focus on exploring direct current (DC) microgrids in traditional power grids. A key challenge in operating these microgrids is ensuring proper current distribution among converters. While conventional droop control has been used to...
In a stand-alone DC microgrid featuring several distributed energy resources (DERs), droop control is adopted to achieve a proportional distribution of current among the DERs within the microgrid. The operation of the droop control mechanism leads to...
This research presents the design and simulation of a distributed secondary control based on a consensus algorithm for the efficient management of an isolated DC microgrid (MG-DC) that secures the distribution of active power according to the capacit...
Standalone DC microgrids can potentially influence intelligent energy systems in the future. They accomplish this by employing droop control to smoothly integrate various renewable energy sources (RESs) to satisfy energy demands. This method ensures...
Integration of renewable energy sources is important in limiting the continuous environmental degradation and emissions caused by energy generation from fossil fuels and thus becoming a better alternative for a large-scale power mix. However, an adeq...
Sustainable energy-based generation systems, such as photovoltaic and wind turbine generation systems, normally adopt inverters to connect to the grid. These power electronic interfaces possess the characteristics of small inertia and small output im...
The current paradigm in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents various technical challenges in terms of reliable operation and control. This paper performs a comprehensive justification of microgrid trends in domin...
This paper presents a novel approach to manage distributed DC microgrids (DCMG) by integrating a time-of-use (ToU) electricity pricing scheme and an internal price rate calculation mechanism. The proposed power-management system is designed to effect...
In this paper, the voltage regulation in power systems is addressed from the perspective of the modern paradigm of control logic supported by phasor measurement units. The information available from measurements is used to better adapt the regulation...
The high penetration of new device technologies, such as Electric Vehicles (EV), and Distributed Generation (DG) in Distribution Networks (DNs) has risen new consumption requirements. In this context, it becomes crucial to implement a flexible, funct...
The inductive power transfer (IPT) method is an emerging charging technology that has some advantages over traditional plug-in systems. For example, it is safer, more convenient, and efficient, leading to its widespread acceptance. To design an IPT c...
Aiming at the challenges of design complexity and parameter adjustment difficulties in existing distributed controllers, a novel power flow sensitivity-based distributed cooperative control approach is proposed for voltage regulation and power sharin...
This paper proposes a sophisticated, fault-tolerant, and centralized secondary controller that is designed for inverter-based, islanded microgrids. The proposed controller enhances system resilience to unexpected network partitions, which typically o...
In order to achieve the flexible and efficient utilization of distributed energy resources, microgrids (MGs) can enhance the self-healing capability of distribution systems. Conventional primary droop control in microgrids exhibits deviations in volt...
The increase in the use of converter-interfaced generators (CIGs) in today’s electrical grids will require these generators both to supply power and participate in voltage control and provision of grid stability. At the same time, new possibili...
Based on the droop control, voltage regulation at the secondary control is required to eliminate the deviation of the average voltage across the microgrid. Meanwhile, to prevent any of energy storage (ESs) from over-charging or over-discharging, Stat...
This research presents a secondary control for a grid-supporting microgrid with photovoltaics sources to guarantee grid code compliance and ancillary services. The secondary control accomplishes the fault ride-through, which implements a delayed sign...
Voltage control is becoming a key issue in active distribution systems, which are electric distribution networks characterized by a large penetration of DERs. Traditional voltage control devices, as well as the active and reactive powers injected by...
In power systems, the secondary control is a very useful way to restore the system frequency and voltage to the rated value. This paper tries to propose a secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids based on the distributed synerge...
Islanded DC microgrids are poised to become a crucial component in the advancement of smart energy systems. They achieve this by effectively and seamlessly integrating multiple renewable energy resources to meet specific load requirements through dro...
This paper presents a detailed and accurate small-signal analysis model for a four-terminal low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution network with distributed secondary control strategy. To tackle the contradiction between power sharing accuracy...
With high penetrations of renewable energy sources (RES), distributed battery systems (DBS) are widely adopted in standalone DC microgrids to stabilize the bus voltages by balancing the active power. This paper presents an Adaptive Differential Evolu...
Communication-based distributed secondary control is extensively used in DC microgrids. Compared to centralized control, it can provide better voltage regulation and load sharing in microgrids. A conventional secondary control technique that converge...
Wireless power transfer via magnetic couple resonance has been widely studied as an attractive research target. In order to improve the transmitting efficiency, not only increasing performance of antenna is important but also controlling secondary (r...
Recently, increased use of non-linear loads has intensified the harmonic distortion and voltage unbalance in distribution systems. Inverter Based Distributed Generators (IBDGs) can be employed as distributed compensators to improve the power quality,...
Distributed cooperative control methods are widely used in the islanded microgrid control system. To solve the deviation of frequency and voltage caused by the droop control, it is necessary to recovery the frequency and voltage to the rated value us...
This paper studies control strategies for an AC/AC system based on a modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) when an asymmetric fault occurs in the secondary side ac system. Firstly, the operating principle of M3C is briefly introduced and verified...
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