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397 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,173 Views
12 Pages

15 April 2025

Student misbehaviour in the classroom is a challenge for many teachers. The aim of this study is to identify the main behavioural problems and highlight the Positive Discipline techniques used by teachers in primary classrooms. The study was carried...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,855 Views
18 Pages

Impacts of a Standing Desk Intervention within an English Primary School Classroom: A Pilot Controlled Trial

  • Aron P. Sherry,
  • Natalie Pearson,
  • Nicola D. Ridgers,
  • William Johnson,
  • Sally E. Barber,
  • Daniel D. Bingham,
  • Liana C. Nagy and
  • Stacy A. Clemes

Traditional classroom furniture dictates that children predominantly sit during class time. This study evaluated the impact of providing standing desks within a deprived UK primary school setting over 8 months using mixed-method approaches. All child...

  • Article
  • Open Access
599 Views
24 Pages

5 November 2025

Indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort influence the health and cognitive performance of school occupants. This study investigated carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), thermal comfort, and ventilation rates (VRs) in eight naturally ven...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,514 Views
23 Pages

Classroom Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jeddah Primary Schools, Saudi Arabia: Level, Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment

  • Mansour A. Alghamdi,
  • Salwa K. Hassan,
  • Noura A. Alzahrani,
  • Marwan Y. Al Sharif and
  • Mamdouh I. Khoder

Data concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jeddah’s schools, Saudi Arabia, and their implications for health risks to children, is scarce. Classroom air conditioner filter dusts were collected from primary schools in urban, subu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
3,455 Views
19 Pages

15 November 2020

In Northeast China, most classrooms in primary and secondary schools still use natural ventilation during cold days in winter. This study investigated the thermal comfort and the perceived air quality of children in primary schools in severe cold reg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,358 Views
27 Pages

21 August 2025

Primary school students, as the main users of classrooms, are directly affected by the lighting environment, which not only affects their visual comfort but also their cognitive performance. This study investigated the effects of different correlated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,707 Views
22 Pages

Navigating Teachers’ Occupational Well-Being in the Tides of Classroom Processes and School Structures

  • Joy C. Nwoko,
  • Emma Anderson,
  • Oyelola Adegboye,
  • Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli and
  • Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli

7 November 2024

The well-being of primary school teachers is vital for fostering effective teaching and learning, yet they face a range of challenges that negatively impact their occupational health. This phenomenological study explores the multifaceted factors infl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,730 Views
23 Pages

15 August 2024

This study examines how different primary school campus layouts impact the wind environment and classroom ventilation in Xi’an, using simulations for winter and summer conditions. It evaluates four typical floorplans to find the best for outdoo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
10,193 Views
27 Pages

17 November 2022

Children differ from adults in their physiology and cognitive ability. Thus, they are extremely vulnerable to classroom thermal comfort. However, very few reviews on the thermal comfort of primary school students are available. Further, children-focu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,831 Views
9 Pages

1 September 2021

This study aimed to evaluate whether primary school classroom teachers reported changes in physical education teaching self-efficacy (SE-PE) and work engagement (WE) during the first COVID-19 wave. A total of 622 classroom teachers filled in an onlin...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
9,440 Views
30 Pages

17 December 2024

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools significantly impacts occupant health and academic performance, especially in naturally ventilated (NV) classrooms, where CO2 levels are often elevated. This systematic review synthesises findings from 125 studies,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,002 Views
12 Pages

Proposal for a Flipped Classroom Program with Massive Open Online Courses to Improve Access to Information and Information Literacy in Primary School Teachers

  • Ana Lendínez Turón,
  • José Manuel Ortiz Marcos,
  • Oswaldo Lorenzo Quiles and
  • Fiorela Anaí Fernández-Otoya

15 May 2024

The objective of this study was to propose a teacher training program based on the flipped classroom model with MOOCs to strengthen access to information and information literacy among primary education teachers in the Lambayeque region of Peru. The...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,721 Views
16 Pages

10 August 2024

A well-designed learning environment is crucial for enhancing both the physical and mental health of students, which in turn improves their learning outcomes. However, many classrooms in China, particularly in rural areas, were constructed and design...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,239 Views
17 Pages

30 December 2024

The increase in the provision of English language teaching programs in primary school contexts in Asia has resulted in a concomitant increase in non-specialist teachers, often generalist homeroom teachers, to address the shortage. However, non-specia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,532 Views
19 Pages

17 January 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate goal orientations and classroom goal structures and their relationship with strategies of self-regulated learning (SRL) in students with and without learning disabilities (LD) and reading comprehension...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,345 Views
22 Pages

The Challenge of Multiple Thermal Comfort Prediction Models: Is TSV Enough?

  • Betty Lala,
  • Amogh Biju,
  • Vanshita,
  • Anmol Rastogi,
  • Kunal Dahiya,
  • Srikant Manas Kala and
  • Aya Hagishima

Classroom thermal comfort has a direct effect on student health and educational outcomes. However, measuring thermal comfort (TC) is a non-trivial task. It is represented by several subjective metrics e.g., Thermal Sensation Vote, Thermal Comfort Vot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,060 Views
19 Pages

23 September 2022

In northern Shaanxi, China, the air quality and thermal insulation properties of primary school classrooms should be given more attention due to the relatively low temperatures in the winter, which are significant to the learning processes of student...

  • Article
  • Open Access
606 Views
31 Pages

26 November 2025

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is crucial for effective learning, supporting academic achievement and lifelong competencies. Fostering SRL in primary education is important, yet teachers’ understanding and use of strategies are underexplored. Th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
9,101 Views
12 Pages

20 July 2021

Educational reforms worldwide have resulted in schools increasingly incorporating open and flexible classroom designs. Open learning spaces may contribute to a student’s behavioral and emotional school engagement directly and by facilitating classroo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,413 Views
25 Pages

Healthy indoor environments influence the comfort, health and wellbeing of the occupants. Monitoring the indoor temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels in primary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic was mandated by a local authority in Scotlan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,781 Views
11 Pages

A Pilot Study on the Relationship between Primary-School Teachers’ Well-Being and the Acoustics of their Classrooms

  • Suvi Karjalainen,
  • Jonas K. Brännström,
  • Jonas Christensson,
  • Birgitta Sahlén and
  • Viveka Lyberg-Åhlander

Although teachers’ well-being and vocal health are affected by noise, research on classroom sound environment from the teachers’ perspective is scarce. This study investigated the relationship between teachers’ well-being and classr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,873 Views
15 Pages

Extended Reality as an Educational Resource in the Primary School Classroom: An Interview of Drawbacks and Opportunities

  • José María Fernández-Batanero,
  • Marta Montenegro-Rueda,
  • José Fernández-Cerero and
  • Eloy López-Meneses

8 February 2024

The use of Extended Reality in Primary Education classrooms has emerged as a transformative element that enhances the teaching and learning process of students. In this context, examining the various effects that this tool can generate is essential t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,989 Views
11 Pages

19 August 2024

From a public health perspective, it is necessary to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools. This study aims to assess the state of perceived IAQ in Slovenian school classrooms and its association with the selected IAQ factors to improve the und...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,120 Views
13 Pages

Objective Assessment of Binaural Benefit from Acoustical Treatment in Real Primary School Classrooms

  • Greta Minelli,
  • Giuseppina Emma Puglisi,
  • Arianna Astolfi,
  • Christopher Hauth and
  • Anna Warzybok

Providing students with an adequate acoustic environment is crucial for ensuring speech intelligibility in primary school classrooms. Two main approaches to control acoustics in educational facilities consist of reducing background noise and late rev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,467 Views
19 Pages

26 November 2021

The classroom environment is of great significance for the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires higher energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method based...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,536 Views
17 Pages

21 December 2022

Influenced by educational policies and newly emerging educational philosophies, the proportion of public space is expanding in primary and secondary schools in China. Consequently, the atrium in school design is increasingly drawing attention due to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,904 Views
38 Pages

Carbon Dioxide Concentration Levels and Thermal Comfort in Primary School Classrooms: What Pupils and Teachers Do

  • Maria Gabriela Zapata-Lancaster,
  • Miltiadis Ionas,
  • Oluyemi Toyinbo and
  • Thomas Aneurin Smith

8 March 2023

The current climate emergency concerns and the COVID-19 pandemic demand urgent action to maintain healthy indoor environments in energy efficient ways. Promoting good indoor environments, in particular, increasing ventilation levels, has been a promi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,850 Views
16 Pages

13 October 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of digital storytelling in enhancing communicative competence—encompassing both linguistic and narrative skills—and fostering inclusivity in a multicultural primary classroom in Genoa, Italy. The quas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,156 Views
23 Pages

Perceptions of Primary School Children About the Roles and Responsibilities of Teachers in Co-Taught Classrooms

  • Aglaia Stampoltzis,
  • Eleni Peristeri,
  • Katerina Antonopoulou,
  • Dimitrios Zbainos and
  • Antigoni Boti

1 October 2025

Classrooms have become increasingly diverse worldwide. Respect for diversity, including the participation of students with disabilities/special educational needs in all aspects of school life, has made the need for adopting an inclusive education mod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,989 Views
31 Pages

Impact of Window-Opening Behaviors on Energy Consumption in Primary School Classrooms

  • Zhen Peng,
  • Pei Li,
  • Tong He,
  • Mingli Liu,
  • Haiping Liu,
  • Mingzhe Jiang and
  • Risheng Zhang

16 April 2025

In the context of global climate warming, the issue of building energy consumption has become increasingly prominent, with a particular focus on energy management in educational buildings. This study investigates the impact of window usage behaviors...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
261 Views
21 Pages

Systematised Review of Know-How in Teacher Training: Science–Technology–Society Teaching in the Primary School Classroom

  • Carmela García-Marigómez,
  • Vanessa Ortega-Quevedo,
  • Noelia Santamaría-Cárdaba and
  • Cristina Gil-Puente

13 January 2026

Scientific literacy is a key element in today’s society, shaping everyday life and fostering informed decision-making and critical thinking. However, the traditional transmission of science, among other factors, has fostered a simplistic and ne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
471 Views
13 Pages

Teaching has always been recognized as one of the professions with the highest risk of burnout, thus highlighting the need to take into account how organizations could promote a “healthier” work life. Accordingly, literature has gone beyo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,951 Views
12 Pages

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of height-adjustable standing desks on time-series variation in sedentary behavior (SB) among primary school children. Thirty-eight children aged 11–12 years (22 boys and 16 girls) fro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
10,233 Views
16 Pages

Rural older adults often feel disconnected from the ever-expanding digital world. To bridge the digital divide, researchers have investigated the effectiveness of formal education and training offered by various social institutions. However, existing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,929 Views
12 Pages

26 January 2022

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are faced with multiple challenges both in the classroom and in the homework situation. While there are many studies on pedagogical interventions by teachers in the classroom, this is hard...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,815 Views
19 Pages

This study analyses the relation between student misbehaviour and teacher coercion from a teacher perspective by taking further contextual variables into account. Our participants were 480 male/female secondary education and 351 primary education tea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4,355 Views
19 Pages

1 January 2025

The lower academic performance of boys in compulsory school has long been a well-known fact, but only in the last decade has it been shown in the public debate. Various explanations for boys’ underperformance mainly include background, expectat...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,715 Views
18 Pages

A Process Evaluation of A UK Classroom-Based Physical Activity Intervention—‘Busy Brain Breaks’

  • Alice Cline,
  • Gareth Knox,
  • Luciana De Martin Silva and
  • Stephen Draper

20 January 2021

The gap between development of effective physical activity interventions and the wide-scale adoption of these interventions in real-world settings has been reported since the early 2000s. Evaluations have been criticised for failing to report details...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,795 Views
17 Pages

Despite the increasing use of technologies in the classroom, there are concerns that technology-enhanced learning environments may hinder students’ communication and interaction. In this study, we investigated how tangible technologies can enha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,509 Views
19 Pages

In this study, we explored the insights that Chinese primary mathematics teachers gained into their students’ mathematical understanding from using classroom assessment techniques (CATs). CATs are short teacher-initiated targeted assessment act...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
9,248 Views
13 Pages

Examining the Effects of Rabbit-Assisted Interventions in the Classroom Environment

  • Marcell Molnár,
  • Réka Iváncsik,
  • Barbara DiBlasio and
  • István Nagy

20 December 2019

The effect of rabbit-assisted interventions on the anxiety levels of first-grade children at a primary school was analyzed. At the beginning of our research, no rabbit-assisted intervention was applied for 6 weeks in order to establish the level of s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,366 Views
18 Pages

This study investigated the effect of a school-based violence prevention programme implemented in Grade 1 classrooms in Jamaican primary schools. Fourteen primary schools were randomly assigned to receive training in classroom behaviour management (n...

  • Article
  • Open Access
617 Views
19 Pages

Self-Regulation as a Mediator and Moderator Between School Stress and School Well-Being: A Multilevel Study

  • Maja Gajda,
  • Aleksandra Jasińska-Maciążek,
  • Paweł Grygiel,
  • Sylwia Opozda-Suder and
  • Roman Dolata

This study examines the relationship between school stress and school well-being, focusing on the mediating and moderating role of self-regulation. This cross-sectional study uses hierarchical linear modeling to assess how two aspects of school stres...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
70,225 Views
17 Pages

7 June 2023

Children in developing countries such as India will experience severe consequences of climate change. Primary school students, in particular, are the most vulnerable to extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves intensifying due to climate change...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,269 Views
13 Pages

28 October 2021

Limited information about exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in primary schools in Vietnam is available. In this study, we aimed to characterize indoor VOCs in four primary schools situated in Ho Chi Minh City, a metropolis in the south of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,456 Views
16 Pages

Children’s Exposure to Radon in Nursery and Primary Schools

  • Pedro T. B. S. Branco,
  • Rafael A. O. Nunes,
  • Maria C. M. Alvim-Ferraz,
  • Fernando G. Martins and
  • Sofia I. V. Sousa

The literature proves an evident association between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, even at low doses. This study brings a new approach to the study of children’s exposure to radon by aiming to evaluate exposure to indoor radon concentrations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,576 Views
14 Pages

7 April 2020

This article reports the results of a longitudinal study on the development of context-specific locus of control related to situations of success and failure in Polish adolescents. The participants were 90 primary school students, including 30 who le...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
8,587 Views
33 Pages

The Potentials of Tangible Technologies for Learning Linear Equations

  • Daranee Lehtonen,
  • Lucas Machado,
  • Jorma Joutsenlahti and
  • Päivi Perkkilä

Tangible technologies provide interactive links between the physical and digital worlds, thereby merging the benefits of physical and virtual manipulatives. To explore the potentials of tangible technologies for learning linear equations, a tangible...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,110 Views
17 Pages

Primary School Teachers’ Conceptions about the Use of Robotics in Mathematics

  • María José Seckel,
  • Adriana Breda,
  • Vicenç Font and
  • Claudia Vásquez

10 December 2021

Learning about the conceptions used by primary school teachers towards the use of robotics in class is essential as the first step towards its application in the classroom. Therefore, with the purpose of describing the understanding applied when teac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,587 Views
18 Pages

7 February 2024

In Pakistan, where the subject of special/inclusive education is still taboo, there is a need to promote inclusivity in education. However, the journey begins at the grassroots level by accommodating children with disabilities in a mainstream setup a...

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