Classroom Standing Desks and Time-Series Variation in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity among Primary School Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Measurements
2.4. Questionnaire Data
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Children’s Perceptions | Strongly Agree | Agree | Disagree | Strongly Disagree |
---|---|---|---|---|
Attitude to the standing desks | ||||
I like using the standing desk during class (% (n)) | 16.7 (3) | 50.0 (9) | 27.8 (5) | 5.6 (1) |
I want to continue using the standing desk (% (n)) | 27.8 (5) | 44.4 (8) | 16.7 (3) | 11.1 (2) |
In the standing desk classroom… | ||||
I can express my thoughts more effectively (% (n)) | 5.6 (1) | 61.1 (11) | 22.2 (4) | 11.1 (2) |
It is easier to work (% (n)) | 44.4 (8) | 33.3 (6) | 11.1 (2) | 11.1 (2) |
I am fatigued (% (n)) | 5.6 (1) | 5.6 (1) | 38.9 (7) | 50.0 (9) |
I feel less sleepy (% (n)) | 55.6 (10) | 38.9 (7) | 5.6 (1) | 0 (0) |
Standing Desk Usage | Mean ± SD or (% (n)) |
---|---|
Frequency | |
Average standing desk use time (min/day) | 21.4 ± 5.9 |
Average frequency of posture change during a class (time/class) | 1.8 ± 0.8 |
In which subject do you stand up the most? (Multiple choices) | |
Mathematics (% (n)) | 5.6 (1) |
Social studies (% (n)) | 77.8 (14) |
Japanese language (% (n)) | 94.4 (17) |
Science (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
English (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
Music (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
Home economics (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
Technical course (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
Ethics (% (n)) | 66.7 (12) |
Calligraphy (% (n)) | 44.4 (8) |
Art and Handcraft (% (n)) | 50.0 (9) |
When do you stand up the most? (Multiple choices) | |
During morning activities (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
When I feel sleepy (% (n)) | 22.2 (4) |
When I feel tired (% (n)) | 11.1 (2) |
When I want to concentrate (% (n)) | 16.7 (3) |
During group activities (% (n)) | 94.4 (17) |
When I read a book | 22.2 (4) |
When I write | 22.2 (4) |
When I make handicrafts | 44.4 (8) |
When I draw a picture | 0 (0) |
When I perform calculations (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
When I talk with a friend (% (n)) | 33.3 (6) |
When I present my ideas to others (% (n)) | 16.7 (3) |
When I talk to people at a distance (% (n)) | 33.3 (6) |
Other (% (n)) | 0 (0) |
Characteristic of the Participants | Intervention Class (n = 18) | Control Class (n = 20) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 11.3 ± 0.5 | 11.3 ± 0.5 | 0.805 |
Height (cm) | 144.6 ± 7.0 | 145.3 ± 6.6 | 0.748 |
Weight (kg) | 38.7 ± 9.7 | 37.0± 8.5 | 0.534 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.3 ± 3.1 | 17.4 ± 3.3 | 0.379 |
%Boys (% (n)) | 50 (9) | 65 (13) | 0.350 |
SB (%) | 61.7 ± 7.9 | 67.1 ± 6.1 | 0.023 |
LPA (%) | 28.8 ± 4.9 | 24.2 ± 4.4 | 0.005 |
MPA (%) | 6.2 ± 2.6 | 5.6 ± 2.2 | 0.429 |
VPA (%) | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 0.695 |
MVPA (%) | 9.5 ± 3.8 | 8.7 ± 3.7 | 0.490 |
Step count (steps/day) | 11,295 ± 3,229 | 11,796 ± 2,140 | 0.573 |
Accelerometer wear time (min/day) | 764.5 ± 95.4 | 827.2 ± 89.6 | 0.045 |
Sport club activity (% (n)) | 38.9 (7) | 40.0 (8) | 0.944 |
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Kidokoro, T.; Shimizu, Y.; Edamoto, K.; Annear, M. Classroom Standing Desks and Time-Series Variation in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity among Primary School Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111892
Kidokoro T, Shimizu Y, Edamoto K, Annear M. Classroom Standing Desks and Time-Series Variation in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity among Primary School Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(11):1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111892
Chicago/Turabian StyleKidokoro, Tetsuhiro, Yasuo Shimizu, Kanako Edamoto, and Michael Annear. 2019. "Classroom Standing Desks and Time-Series Variation in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity among Primary School Children" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111892