54 Results Found

Ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract (EFE) was developed to reduce the adverse effects of Ephedra Herb, a constituent drug in Kampo medicines. It is produced by decocting Ephedra Herb with hot water and excluding the ephedrine alkaloids. EFE...

Food-borne transmission is a recognized route for many viruses associated with gastrointestinal, hepatic, or neurological diseases. Therefore, it is essential to identify new bioactive compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity to exploit innov...

Foodborne viruses such as human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are the major causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. These viruses have a low infectious dose and are persistent in the environment and food for weeks. Ready-to-eat (RTE)...

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in early 2020, has had a profound and lasting impact on global health, resulting in over 7.0 million deaths and persistent challenges. In addition to acute concerns, there is growing attention being given to the l...

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, declared in early 2020, has left an indelible mark on global health, with over 7.0 million deaths and persistent challenges. While the pharmaceutical industry raced to develop vaccines, the emergence of...

Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is a non-human pathogen betacoronavirus that is evolutionarily and structurally related to the human pathogenic viruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. However, unlike the human SARS and MERS viruses, MHV requires a b...

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against β-coronaviruses (β-CoVs), a family of viruses that includes SARS-CoV-2. Viral sensing via pattern recognition receptors triggers inflammation and cell death, which are ess...

Recognition of viruses invading the central nervous system (CNS) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is crucial to elicit early innate responses that stem dissemination. These innate responses comprise both type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated defe...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Despite decades of research, the pathogenic mechanisms of hepatitis A remain incompletely understood. As the replication of HAV is noncytopathic in vitro, a widel...

Kaempferol and its derivatives are flavonoids found in various plants, and a considerable number of these have been used in various medical applications worldwide. Kaempferol and its compounds have well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimi...

Ammonia is a common factor linking air in bat caves and air pollution in the proximity of agricultural fields treated with livestock farming sewage and slaughterhouses, where important clusters of COVID-19 have recently been reported all over the wor...

Coronaviruses, mainly including severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, human coronavirus OC43, chicken infectious bronchitis virus, porcine infectious gastroen...

The discovery of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) as a hepatitis B (HBV) and delta virus (HDV) entry receptor has encouraged the development of new animal models of infection. This review provides an overview of the different in...

New antiviral agents are essential to improving treatment and control of SARS-CoV-2 infections that can lead to the disease COVID-19. Antimicrobial peptoids are sequence-specific oligo-N-substituted glycine peptidomimetics that emulate the structure...

Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was discovered in 2001 as a cellular factor capable to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Successively, it was brought to new life as the most prevalent RNA-binding protein involved in several neur...

The emergence and mutation of pathogenic viruses have been occurring at an unprecedented rate in recent decades. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed int...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an important tick-borne human pathogen endemic throughout Asia, Africa and Europe. CCHFV is also an emerging virus, with recent outbreaks in Western Europe. CCHFV can infect a large number of wild and...

SERINC5 is a restriction factor that becomes incorporated into nascent retroviral particles, impairing their ability to infect target cells. In turn, retroviruses have evolved countermeasures against SERINC5. For instance, the primate lentiviruses (H...

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 caused a worldwide crisis, highlighting the importance of preventive measures in infectious diseases control. SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious on surfaces for up to several weeks; therefore, proper disinfection is requir...

Murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) was shown to induce pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis of infected cells, especially in the murine macrophages. However, whether ferroptosis, a recently identified form of lytic cell death, was involved...

The fatal acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, infection and mortality...

We investigated the occurrence of eight potential zoonotic viruses in 91 exotic companion mammals from pet shops in southern Italy via real-time PCR and end-point PCR. The animals were screened for aichivirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A, noro...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase seems to be very hard to express and purify sufficiently, which has long hampered the generation of anti-HBV drugs based on the nature of the polymerase. To date, there has been no useful system developed for drug s...

The development of potent antiviral agents is of utmost importance to combat the global burden of viral infections. Traditional antiviral drug development involves targeting specific viral proteins, which may lead to the emergence of resistant strain...

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disorder driven by immune dysregulation, marked by reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) and unchecked inflammation. Current therapies lack specificity and efficacy, necessitating novel approaches. This stud...

The hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) has been implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease primarily due to its enzymatic product trimethylamine-N oxide (TMAO), which has recently been shown...

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) sense viral infections and induce production of type I interferons (IFNs), other cytokines, and chemokines. Viral recognition by TLRs and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) has been proven to be cell-type specific....

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most impactful events in our lifetime, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants were reported globally, and a wide range of symptoms existed. Indivi...

Virus-encoded replicases often generate aberrant RNA genomes, known as defective viral genomes (DVGs). When co-infected with a helper virus providing necessary proteins, DVGs can multiply and spread. While DVGs depend on the helper virus for propagat...

Seroprevalence rates and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalent in the Lithuanian human population has not yet been evaluated. Immunosuppressed individuals have been recognized as a risk group for chronic hepatitis due to HEV...

Recently, we reported a 6-mer hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide, Poly6, that exerts antiviral effects against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we explored the immunotherapeutic potential of Poly6 via its administration into de...

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are potential sources of natural bioactive phytochemical compounds of an incredible worth for the food industry, such as polyphenols. Lamiaceae medicinal and aromatic plants from Granada’s high plateau, conc...

Foodborne viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis A virus cause frequent outbreaks associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked oysters. Viral particles are bioaccumulated in the oyster’s digestive glands, making RNA extraction and RT-PCR de...

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) results in over 1 million deaths annually. Although currently licensed treatments, including pegylated interferon-α and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, can inhibit viral replication, they rarely...

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains being a major public health threat, and currently existing CHB therapies have limited efficacy and side effects. We have recently developed a vaccine termed VVX001 based on a recombinant fusion protein co...

Background/Objectives: Glucan particles (GPs), derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, possess unique biomedical properties. Nevertheless, it is imperative that a comprehensive risk assessment is conducted during pre-clinical development. GPs ar...

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver autoimmune disease with augmented T helper (Th) 1 and corresponding cytokine IFN-γ immune responses. Using 2-octynoic acid (2-OA) coupled to OVA (2-OA-OVA)-induced mouse models of autoimmune cholan...

The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the lar...

Coronaviruses infect many species of animal including humans, causing acute and chronic diseases of many organ systems. Murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection of the mouse, provides animal models for the study of central nervous sy...

The membrane (M) glycoprotein of coronaviruses (CoVs) serves as the nidus for virion assembly. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the interaction of the cytosolic tail of Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-CoV) M protein with Myosin Vb (MYO5B),...

There is an urgent need for new approaches to limit the severity of coronavirus infections. Many cells of the immune system express receptors for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and GABA-receptor (GABA-R) agonists have anti-inflammat...

Hepatic lipogenesis combined with elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is central to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the therapeutic targeting of key molecules is considerably less accomplished. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-media...

Background: Coronaviral infection-induced acute lung injury has become a major threat to public health, especially through the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. Apta-1 is a newly discovered Aptamer that has anti-inflammatory effects on systemic septic re...

Gene networks have arisen as a promising tool in the comprehensive modeling and analysis of complex diseases. Particularly in viral infections, the understanding of the host-pathogen mechanisms, and the immune response to these, is considered a major...

The paucity of animal models that simulate the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an impediment to advancing new anti-viral treatments. The work reported here employed recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to model HBV subgenotype A1...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C is a prevalent HBV genotype in the Chinese population. Although genotype C shows higher sequence heterogeneity and more severe liver disease than other genotypes, its pathogenesis and immunological traits are not ye...

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive possibility for the development of vaccines. Recombinant core antigen (HBc) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was expressed in different systems, and the E. coli expression system was shown to be effective for...

In medicine, parasitic cysts (e.g., brain cysticerci) are believed to be sterile, and are primarily treated with antiparasitic medications, not antibiotics, which could prevent abscess formation and localized inflammation. This study quantified the m...

Infection by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma and remains a major cause of serious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, current treatment regimens remain inaccessible to most patients, partic...

The presence of co-infections or superinfections with bacterial pathogens in COVID-19 patients is associated with poor outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 and its components interact with the biofilm...