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  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,943 Views
11 Pages

Relationship Between Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Force, Sprint Acceleration Mechanics and Performance in National-Level Track and Field Athletes

  • Ioannis Stavridis,
  • Maria Zisi,
  • Gavriil G. Arsoniadis,
  • Gerasimos Terzis,
  • Charilaos Tsolakis and
  • Giorgos P. Paradisis

22 January 2025

This study aimed to examine the relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull maximal force (IMTPF), sprint mechanics, and performance. Fifteen national-level track and field athletes (sprinters and hurdlers) performed three maximal-effort isometric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,907 Views
14 Pages

Kinetic Responses to Acute Blood Flow Restriction Exposure in Young Physically Active Women During Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull

  • Sebastián Aliste-Flores,
  • Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos,
  • Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos and
  • Daniel Jerez-Mayorga

23 May 2025

The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) during resistance exercise enhances muscular adaptations under low-load conditions. However, its acute effects on explosive neuromuscular performance, particularly on kinetic variables such as the rate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
14,159 Views
11 Pages

Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate: Their Effects on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance in a Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

  • Celil Kaçoğlu,
  • İzzet Kirkaya,
  • Halil İbrahim Ceylan,
  • Gilmara Gomes de Assis,
  • Paulo Almeida-Neto,
  • Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu,
  • César Chaves Oliveira,
  • Ali Özkan and
  • Pantelis T. Nikolaidis

29 July 2024

Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate are extensively researched ergogenic aids known for their potential to enhance exercise performance. The stimulant properties of caffeine on the central nervous system, coupled with the buffering capacity of sodium bic...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
12,649 Views
18 Pages

The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is a multi-joint test of whole-body force production relevant to rugby players. “Rugby AND (mid-thigh pull OR midthigh pull OR mid thigh pull” were searched in PubMed, Sportdiscus, Academic Search Premi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,690 Views
14 Pages

The Acute Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance

  • W. Guy Hornsby,
  • Mark A. South,
  • Jason D. Stone,
  • Hugh S. Lamont,
  • G. Gregory Haff and
  • Michael H. Stone

22 April 2020

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the acute effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on isometric mid-thigh pull force–time curve (FTC) characteristics. Eleven recreationally trained subjects were randomly assigned to three t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
329 Views
16 Pages

Accuracy of Voluntary Force Modulation During the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull

  • S. Alexander Long,
  • Olivia Vadas,
  • Stephanie Balint,
  • Michael H. Stone and
  • Christopher B. Taber

14 February 2026

The purpose of this study was to investigate voluntary force modulation accuracy during the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and to investigate biological sex and relative strength as factors relating to error. Strength-trained males (n = 18) and fema...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
9,830 Views
10 Pages

Changes in Dynamic Strength Index in Response to Strength Training

  • Paul Comfort,
  • Christopher Thomas,
  • Thomas Dos’Santos,
  • Timothy J. Suchomel,
  • Paul A. Jones and
  • John J. McMahon

19 December 2018

The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of a four-week period of in-season strength training on the dynamic strength index (DSI). Pre and post a four-week period of strength-based training, twenty-four collegiate athletes (...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,787 Views
9 Pages

Validity and Reliability of a Load Cell Sensor-Based Device for Assessment of the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Test

  • Raynier Montoro-Bombú,
  • Beatriz Branquinho Gomes,
  • Amândio Santos and
  • Luis Rama

22 June 2023

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of devices developed to measure or estimate physical exercise. However, before these devices can be used in a practical and research environment, it is necessary to determine their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,517 Views
12 Pages

26 August 2024

Prescribing correct training loads in strength- and power-based sports is essential to eliciting performance improvements for athletes. Concurrently, testing strength for the prescription of training loads should be accurate and safe with minimal dis...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,357 Views
11 Pages

Attempting to understand on-field sport performance from dynamic performance tests of athleticism (i.e., sprinting, jumping, strength) is common practice in sport. In recent years, the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) has gained popularity in the spor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,492 Views
9 Pages

25 September 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of coupling WBV and acute muscular fatigue to determine its effects on countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) performance and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Twenty-eight healthy active adults volu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
9,152 Views
10 Pages

24 August 2017

The countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) are commonly used to compare one’s force capacity during dynamic and isometric assessments, respectively. However, little research has investigated the influence of maximum isometric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,049 Views
9 Pages

Influence of Isometric and Dynamic Fatiguing Protocols on Dynamic Strength Index

  • Darjan Smajla,
  • Nejc Šarabon,
  • Amador García Ramos,
  • Danica Janicijevic and
  • Žiga Kozinc

24 March 2024

Background: Strength and conditioning experts widely recognize the dynamic strength index (DSI) as a tool for assessing an athlete’s ability to utilize strength in dynamic actions. The DSI is calculated as the ratio of peak force in dynamic act...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,665 Views
11 Pages

The Influence of Maturity Offset, Strength, and Movement Competency on Motor Skill Performance in Adolescent Males

  • Andrew W. Pichardo,
  • Jon L. Oliver,
  • Craig B. Harrison,
  • Peter S. Maulder,
  • Rhodri S. Lloyd and
  • Rohan Kandoi

9 July 2019

This study aimed to examine the extent to which maturity offset, strength, and movement competency influences motor skill performance in adolescent boys. One hundred and eight secondary school boys completed anthropometric and physical testing on two...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
16,166 Views
18 Pages

Maximum Strength, Rate of Force Development, Jump Height, and Peak Power Alterations in Weightlifters across Five Months of Training

  • W. Guy Hornsby,
  • Jeremy A. Gentles,
  • Christopher J. MacDonald,
  • Satoshi Mizuguchi,
  • Michael W. Ramsey and
  • Michael H. Stone

13 October 2017

The purpose of this monitoring study was to investigate how alterations in training affect changes in force-related characteristics and weightlifting performance. Subjects: Seven competitive weightlifters participated in the study. Methods: The weigh...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
10,262 Views
8 Pages

A Comparison of Dynamic Strength Index between Team-Sport Athletes

  • Christopher Thomas,
  • Thomas Dos’Santos and
  • Paul A. Jones

20 September 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in countermovement jump peak force (CMJ-PF), isometric mid-thigh pull peak force (IMTP-PF), and resultant dynamic strength index (DSI) values between team-sport athletes. One hundred and fiftee...

  • Article
  • Open Access
488 Views
10 Pages

Lower-Limb Neuromuscular Profiles from Force Plate Testing During Elite Women’s Basketball National Team Camps: A Retrospective Comparison by Final Roster Status

  • Hiroki Ogata,
  • Kazuya Yamazaki,
  • Tomohiro Usui,
  • Kotaro Shinchi,
  • Katsuya Ikeda,
  • Frederick James Henderson and
  • Daichi Yamashita

15 February 2026

This study compared force plate-derived lower-limb strength and power metrics between selected and non-selected female basketball players for major international competitions. Thirty-two female players attending the final national team camps for the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
7,939 Views
13 Pages

Phase-Specific Changes in Rate of Force Development and Muscle Morphology Throughout a Block Periodized Training Cycle in Weightlifters

  • Dylan G. Suarez,
  • Satoshi Mizuguchi,
  • William Guy Hornsby,
  • Aaron J. Cunanan,
  • Donald J. Marsh and
  • Michael H. Stone

28 May 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and morphological adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in weightlifters. Athlete monitoring data from nine experienced collegiate weightlifters was...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
10,230 Views
12 Pages

Relationships between Isometric Force-Time Characteristics and Dynamic Performance

  • Thomas Dos’Santos,
  • Christopher Thomas,
  • Paul Comfort,
  • John J. McMahon and
  • Paul A. Jones

13 September 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force-time characteristics (peak force and time-specific force vales (100–250 ms)) and dynamic performance and compare dynamic performance between stro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,945 Views
19 Pages

The Reliability of Neuromuscular and Perceptual Measures Used to Profile Recovery, and the Time-Course of Such Responses Following Academy Rugby League Match-Play

  • Hendrickus G. J. Aben,
  • Samuel P. Hills,
  • Darren Higgins,
  • Carlton B. Cooke,
  • Danielle Davis,
  • Ben Jones and
  • Mark Russell

22 May 2020

In professional academy rugby league (RL) players, this two-part study examined; (A) the within- and between-day reliability of isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), countermovement jumps (CMJ), and a wellness questionnaire (n = 11), and (B) profiled the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,891 Views
11 Pages

1 September 2025

Isometric strength is widely used to monitor training adaptations, assess neuromuscular fatigue, and play a critical role in the maintenance of muscle health. This study assessed repeatability (intra-session) and reliability (inter-session) of a forc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,596 Views
15 Pages

The Association between Countermovement Rebound Jump Metrics and Independent Measures of Athletic Performance

  • Jiaqing Xu,
  • Anthony Turner,
  • Thomas M. Comyns,
  • Shyam Chavda and
  • Chris Bishop

26 April 2024

This study investigates the associations between countermovement rebound jump (CMRJ) performance metrics and various independent measures of athletic performance, including the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), 20 m linear sprint, and 505 change-of-di...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
8,666 Views
10 Pages

The purpose of this study was to compare countermovement jump force–time measures between strength-matched male and female soccer players. Males (n = 11) and females (n = 11) were strength-matched via isometric mid-thigh pull testing, whereby p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
64 Citations
13,440 Views
13 Pages

31 December 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intrasession reliability of countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force–time characteristics, as well as relationships between CMJ and IMTP metrics. Division I sport and club at...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
10,160 Views
12 Pages

Identifying a Test to Monitor Weightlifting Performance in Competitive Male and Female Weightlifters

  • S. Kyle Travis,
  • Jacob R. Goodin,
  • George K. Beckham and
  • Caleb D. Bazyler

23 May 2018

Monitoring tests are commonly used to assess weightlifter’s preparedness for competition. Although various monitoring tests have been used, it is not clear which test is the strongest indicator of weightlifting performance. Therefore, the purpo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,136 Views
11 Pages

Physical Exercise and Psychophysical Learnings on Basic Strength Development

  • Gaetano Raiola,
  • Giovanni Esposito,
  • Sara Aliberti,
  • Francesca D’Elia and
  • Tiziana D’Isanto

Strength development through physical exercise enhances neuromodulator production, neural connectivity, and motor unit efficiency. Beyond physical benefits, understanding individuals’ perceptions, opinions, and knowledge can optimize engagement...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,113 Views
15 Pages

30 November 2018

Seventeen strength and power athletes (n = 11 males, 6 females; height: 177.5 ± 7.0 cm, 165.8 ± 11.4 cm; body mass: 90.0 ± 14.1 kg, 66.4 ± 13.9 kg; age: 30.6 ± 10.4 years, 30.8 ± 8.7 years), who regularly per...

  • Article
  • Open Access
707 Views
12 Pages

Acute Effects of Flywheel Eccentric Overload on Vertical Jump, Change of Direction, and Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance in Top-Level Team Sports Athletes

  • Nikola Andrić,
  • Tatjana Jezdimirović-Stojanović,
  • Mladen Mikić,
  • Bojan Međedović,
  • Damjan Jakšić and
  • Marko D. M. Stojanović

1 January 2026

We examined the acute effects of flywheel eccentric overload (FEO) on countermovement jumps (CMJs), changes of direction (COD), and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTPs) in top-level team sports athletes (three females and seven males). FEO was carried o...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
12,747 Views
23 Pages

Applying Force Plate Technology to Inform Human Performance Programming in Tactical Populations

  • Justin J. Merrigan,
  • Jason D. Stone,
  • Joel R. Martin,
  • William Guy Hornsby,
  • Scott M. Galster and
  • Joshua A. Hagen

16 July 2021

Force plate assessments, such as countermovement jumps and isometric mid-thigh pulls, examine performances (e.g., jump height, force, power) and movement strategies (e.g., asymmetries, durations), and are best suited to characterize and monitor physi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4,518 Views
11 Pages

Test–Retest Reliability and Concurrent Validity of FysioMeter C-Station Assessing Lower-Limb Muscle Strength via Isometric Mid-Thigh Pulls

  • Mathias G. Sakstrup,
  • Andreas Schmidt,
  • Seth O’Neill,
  • Brady Green,
  • Martin G. Jørgensen and
  • Andrew J. T. Stevenson

25 January 2025

The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is a reliable method to assess lower limb isometric muscle strength. A portable device (FysioMeter C-station) could serve as a suitable alternative. The reliability and concurrent validity of the FysioMeter C-stati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
876 Views
10 Pages

18 December 2025

This study investigated the test–retest reliability of strength and power-related measures assessed with a portable IMTP set-up and with CMJ in elite ice hockey players from the Swedish Hockey League. Twenty-two male ice hockey players (age: 26...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
11,336 Views
13 Pages

16 February 2019

This study investigated relationships between shorter (505, change-of-direction (COD) deficit as a derived physical quality) and longer (Illinois agility test; IAT) COD tests with linear speed, lower-body power (multidirectional jumping), and strengt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,648 Views
21 Pages

Effect of On-Duty Resistance Training Fatigue on Neuromuscular Function in Structural Firefighters

  • Jamal L. Thruston,
  • Stuart A. Best,
  • Nicholas R. Heebner,
  • Lance M. Bollinger and
  • Mark G. Abel

Background: Participation in on-duty exercise is critical to enhance firefighter safety and readiness. However, these sessions are often interrupted with emergency responses and require firefighters to work in a fatigued state that may increase injur...

  • Review
  • Open Access
53 Citations
9,367 Views
26 Pages

Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance in Military Personnel

  • Justin J. Merrigan,
  • Jason D. Stone,
  • Andrew G. Thompson,
  • W. Guy Hornsby and
  • Joshua A. Hagen

A necessarily high standard for physical readiness in tactical environments is often accompanied by high incidences of injury due to overaccumulations of neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). To account for instances of overtraining stimulated by NMF, close m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,971 Views
9 Pages

Polo is an equestrian team sport consisting of four players per team, with level of play determined by cumulative player handicap (−2 to +10 goals), with a higher handicap denoting a better player. There is minimal literature investigating Polo playe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
399 Views
16 Pages

Objectives: This study examined whether integrating an isometric exercise program into physical education (PE) lessons influences functional outcomes and cardiovascular risk markers in adolescents beyond the effects of standard PE alone. Methods: Boy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
622 Views
12 Pages

Isometric Force–Time Characteristics of Different Positions in the Clean in Competitive Weightlifters

  • Kyle Rochau,
  • Kristen Dieffenbach,
  • Mike Ryan,
  • Sean Bulger,
  • Michael H. Stone and
  • W. Guy Hornsby

30 November 2025

This study examined isometric force–time characteristics of weightlifters at three key positions of the clean and their ability to predict competition performances. The three key positions were the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), the isometric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,219 Views
15 Pages

As powerful actions commonly proceed goal scoring opportunities within soccer, enhancing powerful actions could be essential to optimize performance. There is a large body of evidence supporting the positive associations between maximal isometric mid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
15,957 Views
11 Pages

19 September 2024

There is conflicting evidence on whether concurrent aerobic endurance and resistance training (RT) leads to synergistic enhancements in aerobic capacity and muscular strength or causes interference, limiting performance gains. We developed a concurre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,150 Views
23 Pages

Neuromuscular and Psychological Performance Monitoring During One Season in Spanish Marine Corps

  • Beltrán Cáceres-Diego,
  • Pedro E. Alcaraz and
  • Cristian Marín-Pagán

Background: Training planning in military environments is complex due to diverse operational demands and constant exposure to stressors. When combined with high training volumes and insufficient recovery, this can result in physical and mental overlo...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,408 Views
8 Pages

Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study

  • W. Guy Hornsby,
  • Abigail L. Tice,
  • Jason D. Stone,
  • Justin J. Merrigan,
  • Joshua Hagen,
  • John P. Wagle,
  • Aaron J. Cunanan and
  • Michael H. Stone

The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
6,350 Views
11 Pages

Between-Session Reliability of Common Strength- and Power-Related Measures in Adolescent Athletes

  • Christopher Thomas,
  • Thomas Dos’Santos,
  • Paul Comfort and
  • Paul A. Jones

14 February 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the between-session reliability of common strength- and power-related measures in adolescent athletes. Seventeen adolescent athletes (males: n = 8: age 17.1 ± 2.2 years; height 175.6 ± 3.5 cm; mass 80.2 ±...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,305 Views
16 Pages

21 October 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of 3 mg.kg−1 acute caffeine ingestion on muscular strength, power and strength endurance and the repeatability of potential ergogenic effects across multiple trials. Twenty-two university standard male r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,372 Views
17 Pages

17 January 2025

This study aimed to assess the acute impact of a simulated kumite bout (WKF formula) on peak isometric strength performance of the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs in elite karate athletes of different age categories (U16, U18, Senior), in the c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,124 Views
12 Pages

Post-activation Performance Enhancement after a Bout of Accentuated Eccentric Loading in Collegiate Male Volleyball Players

  • Kuo-Wei Tseng,
  • Jyun-Ru Chen,
  • Jun-Jie Chow,
  • Wei-Chin Tseng,
  • Giancarlo Condello,
  • Hsia-Ling Tai and
  • Szu-Kai Fu

The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefit of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) compared to traditional resistance loading (TR). Sixteen male volleyball athletes were divided in AEL...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,188 Views
9 Pages

The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes

  • Christopher B. Taber,
  • Roy J. Colter,
  • Jair J. Davis,
  • Patrick A. Seweje,
  • Dustin P. Wilson,
  • Jonathan Z. Foster and
  • Justin J. Merrigan

There has been limited research to explore the use of body tempering and when the use of this modality would be most appropriate. This study aimed to determine if a body tempering intervention would be appropriate pre-exercise by examining its effect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,113 Views
8 Pages

Physical Characteristics of Elite Male Bandy Players

  • Henrik Petré,
  • Alexander Ovendal,
  • Niklas Westblad,
  • Lasse Ten Siethoff and
  • Niklas Psilander

Physical characteristics of elite male bandy players have not been studied for the last 30 years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of elite male bandy players with respect to playing positions. A cross...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
13,141 Views
11 Pages

23 September 2017

The dynamic strength index (DSI), often calculated as the ratio of countermovement jump (CMJ) propulsion peak force to isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) peak force, is said to inform whether ballistic or maximal strength training is warranted for a giv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,622 Views
12 Pages

Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

  • Russ Best,
  • Dani Temm,
  • Holly Hucker and
  • Kerin McDonald

17 June 2020

This study aimed to assess the effects of repeated menthol mouth swilling upon strength and power performance. Nineteen (10 male) participants completed familiarisation and experimental trials of repeated menthol mouth swilling (0.1% concentration) o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,639 Views
16 Pages

Effects of a 30 K Military Loaded Carriage on the Neuromuscular System in Spanish Army Marines

  • Beltrán Cáceres-Diego,
  • Cristian Marín-Pagán,
  • Pablo Martínez de Baños and
  • Pedro E. Alcaraz

5 March 2025

Infantry soldiers must cover long distances carrying heavy and bulky combat equipment. Since the beginning of their training, Spanish Marines have undergone this characteristic and demanding test. However, little is known about its effects on neuromu...

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