Adding water to fuel droplets is known to lead to puffing and micro-explosion. Puffing and micro-explosion lead to a rapid increase in the liquid fuel surface area. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the fuel evaporation rate and the formation of...
The number and size distributions of the water dispersed phase have a significant effect on both the long-term stability of an emulsion, and the probability of micro-explosions inside an engine. The emulsions are subjected to intense pressure and she...
The environmental, economic, and energy problems of the modern world motivate the development of alternative fuel technologies. Multifuel technology can help reduce the carbon footprint and waste from the raw materials sector as well as slow down the...
Under the continuous tightening of global carbon emission policies, the search for sustainable low-emission energy sources is of great significance to reduce the reliance on the use of fossil fuels and to save energy and reduce emissions. Biodiesel&n...
Water-in-diesel emulsions potentially favor the occurrence of micro-explosions when exposed to elevated temperatures, thereby improving the mixing of fuels with the ambient gas. The distributions and sizes of both spray and dispersed water droplets h...
The increasing demand for high energy density fuels and the concern for their safety have propelled research in the field of gelled propellants, where understanding the combustion of single gelled fuel droplets is the first stage to predict the spray...
An Al/JP-10/oleic acid nanofluid fuel system has demonstrated potential in advanced combustion for aviation turbine engines. To improve the energy density of nanofluid fuel, a higher Al concentration requirement needs to be met. Correspondingly, a hi...
The evaporation, autoignition and micro-explosion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene droplets under sub-atmospheric pressure (0.2–1.0 bar) and elevated temperature (473–1023 K) were experimentally investigated using high-speed camera techno...
As the initial energetic device and driving force of weapon systems, pyrotechnics serve as the core and most sensitive explosive initiating device of weaponry. To accommodate the development requirements of various informatized and miniaturized weapo...
Aluminum/tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene/oleic acid (Al/JP-10/OA) nanofluid fuel is considered a potential fuel for aircraft powered by aviation turbine engines. However, an optimized formula for an Al/JP-10/OA system inducing a secondary atomization and...
In this study, the constant temperature control system of a heating plate was established, ethanol–diesel fuel with different proportions was prepared, and a series of experiments were carried out. The experimental system was used to observe, s...
To address the problems of the reduced evaporation rate and increased ignition time of kerosene droplets at sub-atmospheric pressures and high temperatures, boron and ethanol/water were selected as additives to be blended with RP-3 kerosene, respecti...
It was found in our previous work that hyperbranched polyester (HPE) can generate radicals and accelerate the chemical reactions of hydrocarbon fuels used as initiators. In this work, the evaporation and autoignition characteristics of JP-10 droplets...
To solve the problems associated with micron-sized aluminum (Al), including sintering, agglomeration, and slag deposition during the combustion of aluminized propellants, aluminum–lithium (Al-Li) alloy, prepared by introducing a small amount of...
An experimental system for observing the drop vaporization and microexplosion characteristics of emulsified droplets in high-temperature environments was conducted to analyze the effects of environmental temperature, droplet size, and water content o...
In solid propellants, the combustion of aluminum particles often occurs in a hydrocarbon combustion atmosphere. In order to study the combustion energy release process of aluminum particles during propellant combustion, we carried out a study of the...
The expansion of the research on nanoscale particles demonstrates several advantages in terms of stability and an increased surface area to volume ratio compared to micron-sized particles. Based on this, the present work explores the addition of alum...
The main barrier to the wide use of composite liquid fuels in the energy sector is the significant sedimentation of solid particles during fuel storage and transportation. As a result, the composition of fuel slurries changes quite fast and considera...
Diesel fuel exhibits excellent combustion characteristics and stability. However, diesel use is becoming restricted because of its associated environmental problems. Fuel emulsification, which increases efficiency and reduces pollution, became the so...
To improve our understanding of the interactive effects in combustion of binary multicomponent fuel droplets at sub-atmospheric pressure, combustion experiments were conducted on two fibre-supported RP-3 kerosene droplets at pressures from 0.2 to 1.0...
Compression ignition engines used as marine engines are the most efficient internal combustion engines. They are well-established products, and millions are already on the market. Water-in-MDO (marine diesel oil) emulsions are the best alternative fu...
The combustion of metal fuels as energy carriers in a closed-cycle carbon-free process is a promising approach for reducing CO2 emissions in the energy sector. For a possible large-scale implementation, the influence of process conditions on particle...
The evaporation characteristics of n-decane-based bi-component or multi-component droplets have been veiled for application in advanced combustion. This paper proposes to experimentally investigate the evaporation of n-decane/ethanol bi-component dro...
We formulated and experimentally proved a hypothesis on the causes of dispersion (puffing and microexplosion) of binary fuel droplets, including those in the composition of gel fuels. This hypothesis is based on the concepts of wetting thermodynamics...
This article discusses the atomization of composite liquid fuels. A large group of injectors is considered. A comparative analysis of the atomization characteristics (droplet sizes and velocities, jet opening angles) and the influence of the fuel cha...
Diesel engines are known for their excellent efficiency and are therefore used in a variety of applications. However, they are also one of the main sources of hazardous emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke. Water-in-Diesel Emulsion (WiDE...
The main characteristics of ignition and combustion of fuel droplets (organic coal-water fuel, oil emulsion, and oil in the usual state) placed on the heated surfaces of structural steel (DIN standard grade X16CrNi25-20) were experimentally determine...
The search for alternative fuels is driven by increasing environmental and health concerns across the globe. Water-in-diesel emulsions (WiDEs) have been explored over the years as a potential fuel for diesel engines to mitigate emissions of greenhous...
Laser shaping technology and its applications have gained widespread attention in different fields. Using laser repair technology prolongs the service life of micro-explosive products and reduces the production cost, as well as enables the recycling...
We describe the optical and electrical analysis of a micro-explosion of silicon and micro-thermite micro-bridges with a spectral temporal resolution within a 2 ms time range. The intensity of peaks and their mean lifetimes are calculated to identify...
We propose a fluctuation model of the photochemical initiation of an explosive chain reaction in energetic materials. In accordance with the developed model, density fluctuations of photo-excited molecules serve as reaction nucleation sites due to th...
In this study, the exhaust gas characteristics of marine diesel oil (MDO) and emulsion fuels, which are currently used to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matters emitted from ship engines, were investigated through experimental and numerical a...
This study evaluates the risk assessment and hazard identification of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)-derived bio-oil from the MARINES project, which converts military organic waste into fuel. The high oxygen content (35–50 wt%), acidic pH (2&n...
Currently, the exhaust gas of a ship is regulated for nitrogen oxides and sulphur compounds; however, there is no IMO regulation on smoke under discussion. This study investigated the reduction of exhaust gas through ship emulsion fuel, which can sim...
Ultrafast non-diffractive Bessel laser beams provide strong light confinement and show robust advantages for fabricating high-aspect-ratio nanoscale structures inside transparent materials. They take the form of nanoscale voids with typical diameters...
Experimental studies of the steam pyrolysis of oil sludge were performed using a flow-type pilot plant with 300 kg/h capacity (raw material) to obtain energy-valuable products, such as liquid hydrocarbons (30.4 wt%), semi-coke (39.6 wt%), non-condens...
Gold nanowires with diameters ranging from 20 to 90 nm were fabricated by the electrochemical deposition technique in etched ion track polycarbonate templates and were then irradiated by Xe and Kr ions with the energy in MeV range. The surface modifi...
The investigation of droplet and nanoparticle formation in spray flame synthesis requires sophisticated measurement techniques, as often both are present simultaneously. Here, wide-angle light scattering (WALS) was applied to determine droplet and na...
The characteristics of black carbon and nitrogen oxide reduction versus the water content of emulsion fuel were studied by numerical methods, and a method of reducing fuel consumption was achieved by adjusting the turbocharger compression ratio. The...
The oil boom in the North Dakota oilfields has resulted in improved energy security for the US. Recent estimates of oil production rates indicate that even completion of the Keystone XL pipeline will only fractionally reduce the need to ship this oil...
In this study, an alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines called tri-fuel emulsion was prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of emulsifying settings and formulation ratio on th...
The process of anthracite and its semi-coke combustion in the presence of 5 wt.% (in terms of dry salt) additives of copper salts Cu(NO3)2 and Cu(CH3COO)2 was studied. The activating additives were introduced by an incipient wetness procedure. The ig...
To investigate the energy transfer mechanisms during the micro-explosive initiator-driven flyer process and to guide the performance evaluation of micro-sized charges and the structural design of micro-initiators, a combined approach of numerical sim...
The present investigation uses a blend of Nigella sativa biodiesel, diesel, n-butanol, and graphene oxide nanoparticles to enhance the performance, combustion and symmetric characteristics and to reduce the emissions from the diesel engine of a modif...
The backflow of high-temperature products in an engine’s combustion chamber is a key issue which can significantly reduce combustion efficiency. This is particularly problematic for hypergolic propellants, as the high-temperature products may s...