Steam Pyrolysis of Oil Sludge for Energy-Valuable Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Oil Sludge
2.2. Methods Structure
2.3. Setup for Steam Gasification of OS
2.4. Study of Semi-Coke Characteristics
2.5. Study of Liquid Hydrocarbon Characteristics
2.5.1. Characterization of Materials
2.5.2. Experimental Study on Atomization Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil Jet
2.5.3. Ignition and Combustion
3. Results
3.1. Material Balance of the Obtained Products of Steam Pyrolysis
3.2. Characteristics of Semi-Coke
3.3. Liquid Hydrocarbons
3.3.1. Physical and Chemical Characteristics
3.3.2. Spray
3.3.3. Ignition and Combustion
3.3.4. Analysis of Gas-Phase Combustion Products
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
OS | oil sludge |
Tp | pour point |
Tf | flash point |
ti | ignition delay time |
TG | thermogravimetry |
DTG | derivative thermogravimetry |
Pf | fuel pressure |
Pa | air pressure |
PC | personal computer |
NCG | non-condensable gas-phase |
Wa | humidity |
Ad | ash content |
Vdaf | volatile yield |
LHV | lower heating value |
tc | ash melting point |
Ti | initial temperature |
Te | final temperature |
wmax | maximum reaction rate |
Tmax | maximum temperature |
MS | mass spectrometry |
Tg | air temperature |
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Parameter | Value, mm |
---|---|
Nozzle outer diameter d1 | 20 |
Fuel inlet channel diameter d2 | 8 |
Air inlet channel diameter d3 | 4 |
Height of the annular gap d4 | 2 |
Nozzle outlet diameter d5 | 2.5 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Humidity Wa, wt% | 0.8 |
Ash content Ad, wt% | 63.7 |
Volatile yield Vdaf, wt% | 62.7 |
Heating value LHV, MJ/kg | 14.6 |
Elemental compositiond, wt% | |
C | 25.3 |
H | 2.0 |
N | 0.3 |
S | 1.7 |
O | 1.0 |
Elemental composition of the ash residued, % | |
SiO2 | 63,4 |
Al2O3 | 12.1 |
Fe2O3 | 10.4 |
SO3 | 2.4 |
CaO | 4.7 |
MgO | 2.9 |
K2O + Na2O | 4.1 |
Parameter | Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Sample | Fuel Oil [19] | Pyrolysis Oil from Tires at 500 °C (in Steam Environment) [19] | Classic Pyrolysis Oil from Tires at 500 °C [36] | Pyrolysis Oil from Plastic at 500 °C [37] | |
Density, kg/m3 | |||||
At 15 °C | 884.2 | 950.6 | 928.9 | 937 | 734 |
At 20 °C | 880.7 | - | - | - | - |
At 40 °C | 866.7 | - | - | - | - |
Dynamic viscosity, mPa·s | |||||
At 15 °C | 13.6 | - | - | - | - |
At 20 °C | 10.1 | - | - | - | - |
At 40 °C | 4.9 | 545.7 | 9.7 | - | - |
Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s | |||||
At 15 °C | 15.4 | - | - | - | - |
At 20 °C | 11.5 | - | - | - | - |
At 40 °C | 5.6 | 583.7 | 10.6 | 4.7 | 2.9 |
Pour point Tp, °C | 5 | 10 | −52 | −11 | −3 |
Flash point Tf, °C | 89 | 175 | 82 | 31 | 46 |
Water content, % | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | - | - |
Ash content, % | traces | traces | traces | - | <1.0 |
pH | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.0 | - | - |
Surface tension, mN/m | 31.2 | - | - | - | - |
Lower heating value LHV, MJ/kg | 42.6 | 43.9 | 43.3 | 42.4 | 41.3 |
Fractional composition | |||||
10 vol.% | 41 °C | - | - | - | - |
20 vol.% | 125 °C | - | - | - | - |
30 vol.% | 188 °C | - | - | - | - |
40 vol.% | 243 °C | - | - | - | - |
50 vol.% | 307 °C | - | - | - | - |
60 vol.% | 336 °C | - | - | - | - |
70 vol.% | 360 °C | - | - | - | - |
Elemental composition, wt.% | |||||
C | 83.4 | 87.8 | 86.2 | 85.4 | - |
H | 11.4 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 10.1 | - |
N | - | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | - |
S | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | - |
O | 4.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 2.8 | - |
H/C | 1.64 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | - |
O/C | 0.04 | - | 0.01 | 0.02 | - |
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Larionov, K.; Kaltaev, A.; Slyusarsky, K.; Gvozdyakov, D.; Zenkov, A.; Kirgina, M.; Bogdanov, I.; Gubin, V. Steam Pyrolysis of Oil Sludge for Energy-Valuable Products. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031012
Larionov K, Kaltaev A, Slyusarsky K, Gvozdyakov D, Zenkov A, Kirgina M, Bogdanov I, Gubin V. Steam Pyrolysis of Oil Sludge for Energy-Valuable Products. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(3):1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031012
Chicago/Turabian StyleLarionov, Kirill, Albert Kaltaev, Konstantin Slyusarsky, Dmitriy Gvozdyakov, Andrey Zenkov, Maria Kirgina, Ilya Bogdanov, and Vladimir Gubin. 2022. "Steam Pyrolysis of Oil Sludge for Energy-Valuable Products" Applied Sciences 12, no. 3: 1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031012