In this paper a high capacitance ratio and low actuation voltage RF MEMS switch is designed and fabricated for Ka band RF front-ends application. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors is employed on a signal line to improve the capacitance ratio...
This paper proposes a reconfigurable sensor analog front-end using low-noise chopper-stabilized delta-sigma capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) for capacitive microsensors. The proposed reconfigurable sensor analog front-end can drive both capacit...
Growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) spurs need for new ways of delivering power. Wireless power transfer (WPT) has come into the spotlight from both academia and industry as a promising way to power the IoT devices. As one of the well-known WPT te...
In the present work, a methodology for the low-cost crafting of an interactive layered dashboard is proposed. Our aim is that the tangible surface be constructed using domestic materials that are easily available in every household. Several tests wer...
MXene has drawn widespread attention as a potential material for electrode use in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, the applications of MXene are limited by its property of low electrical capacity. Herein, a MnO2/MXene composite was firstly eva...
Soil volumetric water content (
In this work, we present a capacitance-to-voltage converter (CVC) for capacitive accelerometers based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Based on a fully-differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA), it features a 34-dB transimpedance gain cont...
In experimental chambers for simulating the atmospheric near-surface conditions of Mars, or in situ measurements on Mars, the measurement of the humidity in carbon dioxide gas at low temperature and under low pressure is needed. For this purpose, pol...
This paper presents a contactless measurement system for a mixed array of resistive and capacitive sensors exploiting a low-frequency radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based approach. The system is composed of a reader unit which provides power t...
A high end-fire gain, low-profile surface wave antenna with capacitive feed structure is presented in this paper. The proposed dielectric-metal surface wave antenna is composed of a dielectric slab that is mounted on a metal carrier and a low-profile...
This paper presents a fabrication method of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) by wafer direct bonding, which utilizes both the wet chemical and O2plasma activation processes to decrease the bonding temperature to 400 °C. Two key...
Capacitance and resistivity sensors can be used to continuously monitor soil volumetric water content (θ) and pore-water electrical conductivity (ECp) with non-destructive methods. However, dielectric readings of capacitance sensors operating at low...
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) represent an accepted technology for ultrasonic transducers, while high bias voltage requirements and limited output pressure still need to be addressed. In this paper, we present a design for u...
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. Affinity sensing based on the principle of reversible binding to glucose does not produce intermediates, and the specificity of concanavalin A (Con A) to glucos...
With the increase in capacity of large ship electric power systems, medium-voltage electric power systems have gradually become an inevitable choice. Among China’s large ships, the neutral point of the power system is usually grounded by high r...
This paper presents the design and experimental characterization of a portable high-precision single-phase lock-in instrument with phase adjustment. The core consists of an analog lock-in amplifier IC prototype, integrated in 0.18 µm CMOS techn...
The suspension electromagnet (SEM) is one of the most critical components of the low-speed maglev train to achieve the stable suspension and non-contact operation with the track. Therefore, it is valuable for optimizing the maglev system to study the...
Background and Objectives: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is defined as back pain that lasts longer than 12 weeks. Capacitive and resistive electric transfer (TECAR) therapy utilizes radiant energy to generate endogenous heat and is wide...
An arsenic doping technique for depositing up to 40-μm-thick high-resistivity layers is presented for fabricating diodes with low RC constants that can be integrated in closely-packed configurations. The doping of the as-grown epi-layers is controlle...
Moisture content is one of the most important parameters related to the quality of wood chips that affects both the calorific and economic value of fuel chips. For industrial applications, moisture content needs to be detected quickly. For this purpo...
Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) has been used as a real-time impedance-based method to quantify cell behavior in tissue culture. The method is capable of measuring both the resistance and capacitance of a cell-covered microelectrode...
In order to meet the application requirements for high-precision and low-noise accelerometers in micro-vibration measurement and navigation fields, this paper presents the design and testing of an ultra-high-capacitance resolution capacitive readout...
The reset noise sampling feedforward (RNSF) technique is proposed in this paper to reduce the noise floor of the readout circuit for micro-electromechanically systems (MEMS) capacitive accelerometer. Because of the technology-imposed size restriction...
There is a problem of excessively large sub-module capacitance in modular multilevel converter (MMC) applications for medium-voltage motor drive systems, which is particularly noticeable during the low-speed operation of the motor. This paper propose...
In the present day, IoT technology is widely applied in the field of medical devices to facilitate real-time monitoring and management by medical staff, thereby better-ensuring patient safety. In IoT intravenous infusion monitoring sensors, it is par...
In this paper, parameters related to the sensitivity of the interface circuits for capacitive sensors are determined. Both the input referred noise and capacitance of the input transistors are important for capacitive sensitivity. Chopping is an effe...
Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMSs) are essential for maintaining driving safety by continuously monitoring critical tire parameters, such as pressure and temperature, in real time during vehicle operation. Among these parameters, tire pressure...
The amount of anodically dissolved charge of silver by linear sweep stripping voltammetry has been observed to be smaller than that of the potentiostatically deposited charge. The imbalance in the charge is opposite to the participation in the double...
Presented is a flexible capacitive strain sensor, based on the low cost materials silicone (PDMS) and carbon black (CB), that was fabricated by casting and curing of successive silicone layers—a central PDMS dielectric layer bounded by PDMS/CB...
Analyzing the electrical double layer (EDL) in electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement at low frequencies remains a challenging task for sensing purposes. In this work, we propose two approaches to deal with the EDL in measuring impedance...
In this paper, two versions of capacitive accelerometers based on low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology are developed, different with respect to the detection technique, as well as the mechanical structure. Fabrication of the key structu...
This paper reports a 3-axis fully integrated differential capacitive tactile sensor surface-mountable on a bus line. The sensor integrates a flip-bonded complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) with capacitive sensing circuits on a low temperat...
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based mass sensors are proposed as potential candidates for highly sensitive chemical and gas detection applications owing to their miniaturized structure, low power consumption, and ease of integration with reado...
This paper presents a capacitive differential bridge structure with both AC and DC excitation and balancing capability for low cost electrode-solution interfacial capacitance biosensing applications. The proposed series RC balancing structure offers...
Parallel-type slew-rate enhancers (PSREs) improve the driving capability of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) for large capacitive loads. While capacitive-boosting (CB) techniques enhance PSRE efficiency in fully-differential designs, th...
This paper presents a 2.4 GHz LC digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) at near-threshold supplies (0.5~0.7 V). It was a challenge to achieve a low voltage, low power, and high resolution simultaneously. DCOs with metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) varac...
This is the first review of conductive electrets (unpoled carbons and metals), which provide a new avenue for low-power electronics. The electret provides low DC voltage (μV) while allowing low DC current (μA) to pass through. Ohm’s Law i...
Understanding hydrological, agricultural, and environmental processes in soils relies on accurately measuring volumetric water content (θ), matric potential (h), and hydraulic conductivity (K). These parameters are fundamental for quantifying p...
Myoelectric prostheses help amputees to regain independence and a higher quality of life. These prostheses are controlled by state-of-the-art electromyography sensors, which use a conductive connection to the skin and are therefore sensitive to sweat...
The world population is growing in an accelerated way urging the need for a more efficient and sustainable agricultural industry. Initially developed for smart cities which face the same challenges caused by an increasing population, Internet of Thin...
Waste heat is a potential source for powering our living environment. It can be harvested and transformed into electricity. Ohmic heat is a common type of waste heat. However, waste heat has the following limitations: wide distribution, insufficient...
This paper presents an ultra low-power and low-voltage pulse-width modulation based ratiometric capacitive sensor interface. The interface was designed and fabricated in a standard 90 nm CMOS 1P9M technology. The measurements show an effective resolu...
Harvesting energy for IoT nodes in places that are permanently poorly lit is important, as many such places exist in buildings and other locations. The need for energy-autonomous devices working in such environments has so far received little attenti...
This paper presents a multi-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) in the 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The LNA consists of three stages, with the differential cascode amplifier as the core structure. The first stage is mainly responsible fo...
This study proposes negative capacitance vacuum channel transistors. The proposed negative capacitance vacuum channel transistors in which a ferroelectric capacitor is connected in series to the gate of the vacuum channel transistors have the followi...
In this paper, a fast-transient-response NMOS low-dropout regulator (LDO) with a wide load-capacitance range was presented to provide a V/2 read bias for cross-point memory. To utilize the large dropout voltage in the V/2 bias scheme, a fast loop con...
Circulation of salty and fresh water through the electrodes of a deionization cell produces a voltage between the electrodes caused by the Capacitive Donnan Potential (CDP). The voltage so generated is very low (100 mV), but this work demonstrates th...
Automated soil moisture systems are commonly used in precision agriculture. Using low-cost sensors, the spatial extension can be maximized, but the accuracy might be reduced. In this paper, we address the trade-off between cost and accuracy comparing...
Sensors based on capacitance detection are common in the field of inertial measurement and have the potential for miniaturization and low power consumption. In order to control and process such sensors, a novel digital-analog hybrid system-on-chip (S...
The insufficient durability of solar energy systems is an important problem in low-voltage situations in the electrical grid. This problem can cause PV systems to become difficult to operate during periods of low voltage and may disconnect PV systems...
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