In this article, we focus on kynurenic acid metabolism in neuropsychiatric disorders and the biochemical processes involved in memory and cognitive impairment, followed by different approaches in the fight against dementia. Kynurenic acid—a bio...
Kynurenic acid, a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, acts as an antagonist for both the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and glycine coagonist sites of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor at endogenous brain con...
By being an antagonist of glutamate and other receptors, kynurenic acid serves as an endogenous neuroprotectant in several pathologies of the brain. Unfortunately, systemic administration of kynurenic acid is hindered by its low permeability through...
Kynurenic acid is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolite formed along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway in the brain and in peripheral tissues. The disturbed formation of kynurenic acid, which targets glutamate-mediated neurotransmission, GPR35, and aryl hydrocarb...
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has increased greatly worldwide due to the rise in life expectancy. In spite of notable development in the understanding of these disorders, there has been limited success in the development of neuroprotect...
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor (HCAR) family belongs to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) implicated in a diverse array of physiological and pathological mechanisms. Kynurenic acid, a metabolite of the tryptophan catabolic pathway, has been pr...
Background and Objectives: It is known that inflammatory processes play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is also reported that immune activation induces the kynurenine pathway (KP), as known as the tryptophan destructi...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, as an excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist is an effective neuroprotective agent in case of excitotoxicity, which is the hallmark of brain ischemia and several neurodegenerative processes. There...
The application of kynurenic acid (KYNA) as an electron-rich aromatic system in the modified Mannich reaction has been examined. The extension possibility of the reaction was tested by using amines occurring in a number of bioactive products, such as...
Kynurenic acid was included in the three compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kynurenic acid) that showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential among the phenolic compounds contained in Gynura procumbens. In this study, the mecha...
Kynurenic Acid (KYNA) is a metabolite of tryptophan pathway and also an endogenous antagonist of glutamate receptors. Several studies indicated that glutamate antagonists have anti-proliferative potential. Moreover, subunits of the NMDA receptor whic...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. A lower level of KYNA is observed in patients with neuro...
The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate sarcosine, uracil, and kynurenic acid in urine as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer detection and progression monitoring. Sarcosine, uracil, and kynurenic acid were measured in urine samples of 32 pros...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, is an endogenous substance produced intracellularly by various human cells. In addition, KYNA can be synthesized by the gut microbiome and delivered in food. However, its content in food is very low...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), tryptophan metabolite synthesized in the kynurenine pathway, is present in human body fluids as well as in variety of foods, herbal medicines and honeybee derived foodstuffs. KYNA is an endogenous antagonist of all ionotropic g...
The enzymatic formation of kynurenic acid (KYNA), a neuromodulator metabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism, in the mammalian brain is widely attributed to kynurenine aminotransferase II (KATII). However, an alternative bios...
Kynurenic acid is an endogenous modulator of ionotropic glutamate receptors and a suppressor of the immune system. Since glutamate and microglia are important in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, we investigated the possible action of the synthetic kynur...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a metabolite of tryptophan formed on the kynurenine pathway. Its pharmacological effects are relatively well characterized in mammals, whereas its role in fish is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to expa...
The in vivo investigation of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its analogs is one of the recent exciting topics in pharmacology. In the current study we assessed the biological effects of these molecules on bdelloid rotifers (Philodina acuticornis and Adinet...
Y. lipolytica remains a nonpathogenic, unconventional yeast, which can be applied for the production of bioactive compounds. Our previous study confirmed the ability of yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce kynurenic acid (KYNA). Here, we investigated...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antioxidant degradation product of tryptophan that has been shown to have a variety of cytoprotective, neuroprotective and neuronal signalling properties. However, mammalian transporters and receptors display micromolar bi...
Persistent systemic chronic inflammatory conditions are linked with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death across the globe. Among various risk factors, one of the new possible contributors to CVDs is the...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous compound with a multidirectional effect. It possesses antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of corneal injuries. Moreover, KYNA has been used succ...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a bioactive compound exhibiting multiple actions and positive effects on human health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. KYNA has been found to have a beneficial effect on wound healing...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA, 4-oxoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid), an intermediate of the tryptophan metabolism, has been recognized to exert different neuroactive actions; however, the need of how it or its aminoalkylated amide derivative N-(2-(dimethylamino)...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is derived from tryptophan, formed by the kynurenic pathway. KYNA is being widely studied as a biomarker for neurological and cardiovascular diseases, as it is found in ischemic conditions as a protective agent; however, little...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a functional deterioration of the brain. Currently, there are selected biomarkers for its diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid. However, its extraction has several disadvantages f...
Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide; hence, there is an urgent need to discover novel cardioprotective strategies. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, has been previously re...
Encapsulation possibilities of an extensively investigated neuroprotective drug (kynurenic acid, KYNA) are studied via lipid-based nanocarriers to increase the blood–brain barrier (BBB) specific permeability. The outcomes of various preparation...
Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and involves the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which leads to blindness in patients. We investigated the role of the neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) in RGC death against r...
Background and aim. Kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) are key intermediate metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses in the kynurenine pathway. It remains unknown whether KYN or KYNA is associated with the risk of adult m...
G-quadruplexes are secondary structures originating from nucleic acid regions rich in guanines, which are well known for their involvement in gene transcription and regulation and DNA damage repair. In recent studies from our group, kynurenic acid (K...
Cytoprotective and neurotoxic kynurenines formed along the kynurenine pathway (KP) were identified as possible therapeutic targets in various neuropsychiatric conditions. Memantine, an adamantane derivative modulating dopamine-, noradrenaline-, serot...
Excessive fibrosis following surgical procedures is a challenging condition with serious consequences and no effective preventive or therapeutic option. Our group has previously shown the anti-fibrotic effect of kynurenic acid (KynA) in vitro and as...
Fluctuations in kynurenic acid (KYNA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain reflect its neurological status. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of transiently elevated KYNA concentrations in the cerebroventr...
Kidney dysfunction significantly increases the cardiovascular risk, even in cases of minor functional declines. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common lipid abnormality reported in patients with kidney disorders. PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferato...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite, is believed to exert neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain. This study aimed to examine KYNA’s capacity to modify gene expression and the activity of cellular antioxidant enzyme...
Coenurosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, typically found in the central nervous system of different livestock such as sheep and goats. The blood plasma from fifteen clinically healthy shee...
The over-activation of NMDA receptors and oxidative stress are important components of neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI). Kynurenic acid (KYNA) acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist and is known as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, which makes it...
The tryptophan (Trp) metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an α7-nicotinic and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist. Elevated brain KYNA levels are commonly seen in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and may be related to co...
The central nervous system (CNS) is the final frontier in drug delivery because of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which poses significant barriers to the access of most drugs to their targets. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan (Trp) metabolit...
Tryptophan (TRP) catabolites exert neuroactive effects, with the plethora of evidence suggesting that kynurenic acid (KYNA), a catabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP), acts as the regulator of glutamate and acetylcholine in the brain, contributing...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a small molecule derived from the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway, can readily diffuse across biological membranes and act as an endogenous ligand for receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr). While KYNA dysreg...
Acute myocardial infarction, often associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), is a major healthcare issue ranking among the leading causes of death globally. Although kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, has been previo...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a putative neuroprotective agent, modulates glutamatergic pathways in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease but is limited by acute motor activity impairments (e.g., ataxia). Research leveraging animal disease models expl...
The prefrontal cortex (PCx) is involved in many higher-order cognitive processes, including decision making, reasoning, personality expression, and social cognition. These functions are associated with high energy demand and the production of harmful...
Kynurenic acid (KA), a key metabolite of tryptophan (TRP) via the kynurenine pathway, plays a significant role in various physiological and pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia. This study aims...
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite, possesses immunomodulatory properties, although the molecular mechanism of this action has not yet been resolved. In the present study, the effects of KYNA on the secretion of selected cytokines and che...
Deficiency of neurotrophic factors and oxidative DNA damage are common causes of many neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the importance of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an active metabolite of tryptophan, has increased as a neuroprotective molecule in th...
Cisplatin (CIS) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent primarily used to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including lymphomas, sarcomas, and some carcinomas. Patients receiving this treatment for tumors outside the nervous system develop...
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