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394 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,105 Views
17 Pages

As virtual reality (VR) technology advances, research has focused on enhancing VR content for a more realistic user experience. Traditional emotion analysis relies on surveys, but they suffer from delayed responses and decreased immersion, leading to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,345 Views
11 Pages

24 March 2019

Optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator-based sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit down to single unlabeled biomolecules show high potential for disease diagnosis and clinical application. However, most WGM microresonato...

  • Article
  • Open Access
125 Citations
15,907 Views
18 Pages

17 May 2017

This paper proposes a portable hand haptic system using Leap Motion as a haptic interface that can be used in various virtual reality (VR) applications. The proposed hand haptic system was designed as an Arduino-based sensor architecture to enable a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,595 Views
36 Pages

Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application

  • A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki,
  • Mohamad Hafiz Mamat,
  • Musa Mohamed Zahidi,
  • Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah,
  • I. B. Shameem Banu,
  • Nagamalai Vasimalai,
  • Mohd Khairul Ahmad,
  • Nafarizal Nayan,
  • Suriani Abu Bakar and
  • Azmi Mohamed
  • + 2 authors

This study synthesized pristine and aluminum (Al)-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) nanostructures through a simplistic low-temperature ultrasonicated solution immersion method. Al:ZnO nanostructures were synthesized as a sensing material using different imm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
12,630 Views
18 Pages

A 316MP, 120FPS, High Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor for Next Generation Immersive Displays

  • Abhinav Agarwal,
  • Jatin Hansrani,
  • Sam Bagwell,
  • Oleksandr Rytov,
  • Varun Shah,
  • Kai Ling Ong,
  • Daniel Van Blerkom,
  • Jonathan Bergey,
  • Neil Kumar and
  • Tim Lu
  • + 3 authors

11 October 2023

We present a 2D-stitched, 316MP, 120FPS, high dynamic range CMOS image sensor with 92 CML output ports operating at a cumulative date rate of 515 Gbit/s. The total die size is 9.92 cm × 8.31 cm and the chip is fabricated in a 65 nm, 4 metal BSI...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,115 Views
20 Pages

Automation of the Photobioreactor Lighting System to Manage Light Distribution in Microalgae Cultures

  • Beata Brzychczyk,
  • Jan Giełżecki,
  • Krzysztof Kijanowski,
  • Tomasz Hebda and
  • Filip Rzepka

21 October 2023

Automation of the lighting system for phototrophiccultures in photobioreactors is a process of automation and control of lighting inside. Photosynthetic microorganisms, in order to develop and grow, require a species-specific type of visible light ra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
10,796 Views
21 Pages

Low-Latency Haptic Open Glove for Immersive Virtual Reality Interaction

  • Donghyun Sim,
  • Yoonchul Baek,
  • Minjeong Cho,
  • Sunghoon Park,
  • A. S. M. Sharifuzzaman Sagar and
  • Hyung Seok Kim

25 May 2021

Recent advancements in telecommunications and the tactile Internet have paved the way for studying human senses through haptic technology. Haptic technology enables tactile sensations and control using virtual reality (VR) over a network. Researchers...

  • Article
  • Open Access
974 Views
35 Pages

The Application of VR Technology in Engineering Issues: Geodesy and Geomatics, Mining, Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety

  • Paweł Strzałkowski,
  • Kinga Romańczukiewicz,
  • Paweł Bęś,
  • Barbara Delijewska,
  • Magdalena Sitarska and
  • Mateusz Janiszewski

9 November 2025

Sensors are a key component of virtual reality (VR) technology, as they enable motion tracking, interaction with the environment, and realistic representation of user behaviour in virtual space. VR technology is gaining increasing importance in engin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,068 Views
19 Pages

Evaluating Different TiO2 Nanoflower-Based Composites for Humidity Detection

  • Musa Mohamed Zahidi,
  • Mohamad Hafiz Mamat,
  • Mohd Firdaus Malek,
  • Muhamad Kamil Yaakob,
  • Mohd Khairul Ahmad,
  • Suriani Abu Bakar,
  • Azmi Mohamed,
  • A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki and
  • Mohamad Rusop Mahmood

3 August 2022

Unique three-dimensional (3D) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoflowers (TFNA) have shown great potential for humidity sensing applications, due to their large surface area-to-volume ratio and high hydrophilicity. The formation of a composite with other ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,004 Views
12 Pages

9 August 2025

This article describes an external refractive index (RI) sensor based on a spectral analysis of the light transmission through a long tapered side-hole optical fiber (S-H OF). A section of the S-H OF was fusion-spliced with SMFs at both ends and conn...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2,531 Views
15 Pages

11 September 2025

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, often resulting in persistent impairments in gait and balance. Traditional rehabilitation methods—though beneficial—are limited by factors such as therapist dependency, low...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,683 Views
15 Pages

14 September 2024

Using first-principles theory, this work purposes Ru-doped Janus WSSe (Ru-WSSe) monolayer as a potential gas sensor for detection of three typical gas species (CO, C2H2, and C2H4), in order to evaluate the operation status of the oil-immersed transfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,147 Views
16 Pages

Determining the Nutrient Content of Hydroponically-Cultivated Microgreens with Immersible Silicon Photonic Sensors: A Preliminary Feasibility Study

  • Aristi Christofi,
  • Georgia Margariti,
  • Alexandros Salapatas,
  • George Papageorgiou,
  • Panagiotis Zervas,
  • Pythagoras Karampiperis,
  • Antonis Koukourikos,
  • Petros A. Tarantilis,
  • Eleftheria H. Kaparakou and
  • Konstantinos Misiakos
  • + 1 author

26 June 2023

Microgreens have gained attention for their exceptional culinary characteristics and high nutritional value. The present study focused on a novel approach for investigating the easy extraction of plant samples and the utilization of immersible silico...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,935 Views
24 Pages

20 July 2024

Partial discharge (PD) is one of the major causes of insulation accidents in oil-immersed transformers, generating a large number of signals that represent the health status of the transformer. In particular, acoustic signals can be detected by senso...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,461 Views
22 Pages

9 October 2013

In this article, we present an approach that uses both two force sensitive handles (FSH) and a flexible capacitive touch sensor (FCTS) to drive a haptic-based immersive system. The immersive system has been developed as part of a multimodal interface...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
5,299 Views
12 Pages

Detection and Analysis of Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers Using Low-Cost Acoustic Sensors

  • Hamidreza Besharatifard,
  • Saeed Hasanzadeh,
  • Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani,
  • Hassan Haes Alhelou and
  • Pierluigi Siano

16 March 2022

Partial Discharge (PD) is one of the symptoms of an electrical insulation problem, and its permanence can lead to the complete deterioration of the electrical insulation in high-voltage equipment such as power transformers. The acoustic emission (AE)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,143 Views
17 Pages

Gait Characteristics Analyzed with Smartphone IMU Sensors in Subjects with Parkinsonism under the Conditions of “Dry” Immersion

  • Alexander Y. Meigal,
  • Liudmila I. Gerasimova-Meigal,
  • Sergey A. Reginya,
  • Alexey V. Soloviev and
  • Alex P. Moschevikin

18 October 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasingly being studied using science-intensive methods due to economic, medical, rehabilitation and social reasons. Wearable sensors and Internet of Things-enabled technologies look promising for monitoring motor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
224 Views
23 Pages

Tip Discharge Evolution Characteristics and Mechanism Analysis via Optical–Electrical Sensors in Oil-Immersed Transformers

  • Zehao Chen,
  • Yong Qian,
  • Gehao Sheng,
  • Fenghua Wang,
  • Bing Xue,
  • Chunhui Zhang and
  • Chengxiang Liu

4 January 2026

Tip discharge in oil-immersed transformers poses a significant threat to insulation integrity. Conventional detection methods, such as gas and electrical analysis, are limited by slow response times or susceptibility to interference. Additionally, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,616 Views
21 Pages

Aging populations across the world are facing a number of challenges in the context of health and healthcare. These challenges are driven by the aging process and the illnesses associated with aging. Healthcare for older people has become a point of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,042 Views
20 Pages

11 March 2025

With the emergence of artificial intelligence and advancements in network technologies, the imminent arrival of 6G is not very far away. The 6G technology will introduce unique and innovative applications of the Tactile Internet in the near future. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
7,742 Views
22 Pages

Automatic 360° Mono-Stereo Panorama Generation Using a Cost-Effective Multi-Camera System

  • Hayat Ullah,
  • Osama Zia,
  • Jun Ho Kim,
  • Kyungjin Han and
  • Jong Weon Lee

30 May 2020

In recent years, 360° videos have gained the attention of researchers due to their versatility and applications in real-world problems. Also, easy access to different visual sensor kits and easily deployable image acquisition devices have played...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,743 Views
21 Pages

A Novel Gesture-Based Control System for Fluorescence Volumetric Data in Virtual Reality

  • Vratislav Cmiel,
  • Larisa Chmelikova,
  • Inna Zumberg and
  • Martin Kralik

13 December 2021

With the development of light microscopy, it is becoming increasingly easy to obtain detailed multicolor fluorescence volumetric data. The need for their appropriate visualization has become an integral part of fluorescence imaging. Virtual reality (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
7,210 Views
18 Pages

Comparison between Full Body Motion Recognition Camera Interaction and Hand Controllers Interaction used in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Acrophobia

  • Iakovos Kritikos,
  • Chara Zoitaki,
  • Giannis Tzannetos,
  • Anxhelino Mehmeti,
  • Marilina Douloudi,
  • George Nikolaou,
  • Giorgos Alevizopoulos and
  • Dimitris Koutsouris

25 February 2020

Virtual Reality has already been proven as a useful supplementary treatment tool for anxiety disorders. However, no specific technological importance has been given so far on how to apply Virtual Reality with a way that properly stimulates the phobic...

  • Review
  • Open Access
49 Citations
7,840 Views
54 Pages

The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Fused Twins: A Review of Access to Digital Twins In Situ in Smart Cities

  • Jascha Grübel,
  • Tyler Thrash,
  • Leonel Aguilar,
  • Michal Gath-Morad,
  • Julia Chatain,
  • Robert W. Sumner,
  • Christoph Hölscher and
  • Victor R. Schinazi

27 June 2022

Smart Cities already surround us, and yet they are still incomprehensibly far from directly impacting everyday life. While current Smart Cities are often inaccessible, the experience of everyday citizens may be enhanced with a combination of the emer...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
465 Views
22 Pages

Motion capture (MoCap) is increasingly recognized as a powerful multimodal immersive learning technology, providing embodied interaction and real-time motion visualization that enrich educational experiences. Although MoCap is gaining prominence with...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,982 Views
13 Pages

Guided Acoustic Waves in Polymer Rods with Varying Immersion Depth in Liquid

  • Klaus Lutter,
  • Alexander Backer and
  • Klaus Stefan Drese

18 December 2023

Monitoring tanks and vessels play an important part in public infrastructure and several industrial processes. The goal of this work is to propose a new kind of guided acoustic wave sensor for measuring immersion depth. Common sensor types such as pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
105 Citations
14,036 Views
10 Pages

12 April 2012

A fiber optic interferometric sensor with an intrinsic transducer along a length of the fiber is presented for ultrasound measurements of the acoustic emission from partial discharges inside oil-filled power apparatus. The sensor is designed for high...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,362 Views
23 Pages

Milling Chatter Control in Low Immersion Condition with an Active Electromagnetic Tool Holder System

  • Chen Wang,
  • Haifeng Ma,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Qinghua Song and
  • Zhanqiang Liu

25 February 2025

Chatter commonly emerges during milling procedures, resulting in an array of problems such as defective workpiece surface and diminished machining efficiency. To control chatter, an active electromagnetic tool holder system is proposed, including the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,158 Views
14 Pages

Development, Optimization, Biological Assays, and In Situ Field Immersion of a Transparent Piezoelectric Vibrating System for Antifouling Applications

  • Lucas Grilli,
  • Fabrice Casset,
  • Christine Bressy,
  • Hugues Brisset,
  • Jean-François Briand,
  • Raphaëlle Barry-Martinet and
  • Mikael Colin

2 February 2022

This paper presents the development and experimentations of transparent vibrating piezoelectric micromembranes dedicated to protecting immersed measurement instruments from marine biofouling. As any surface immersed is subject to the adhesion and set...

  • Review
  • Open Access
58 Citations
12,897 Views
27 Pages

Recent Progress of Tactile and Force Sensors for Human–Machine Interaction

  • Jiandong Xu,
  • Jiong Pan,
  • Tianrui Cui,
  • Sheng Zhang,
  • Yi Yang and
  • Tian-Ling Ren

7 February 2023

Human–Machine Interface (HMI) plays a key role in the interaction between people and machines, which allows people to easily and intuitively control the machine and immersively experience the virtual world of the meta-universe by virtual realit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,465 Views
14 Pages

21 March 2022

This work proposes a novel virtual reality system which makes use of wearable sensors for testing and validation of cooperative workplaces from the ergonomic point of view. The main objective is to show, in real time, the ergonomic evaluation based o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,073 Views
11 Pages

Fabrication of MEMS Directional Acoustic Sensors for Underwater Operation

  • Alberto Espinoza,
  • Fabio Alves,
  • Renato Rabelo,
  • German Da Re and
  • Gamani Karunasiri

25 February 2020

In this work, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based directional acoustic sensors operating in an underwater environment are explored. The studied sensors consist of a free-standing single wing or two wings pivoted to a substrate. The sensors op...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,265 Views
20 Pages

16 August 2024

Audio presentation is often attributed as being capable of influencing a viewer’s feeling of immersion during an audiovisual experience. However, there is limited empirical research supporting this claim. This study aimed to explore this effect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,376 Views
26 Pages

Usability Analysis of a Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Serious Game for Blood Phobia Treatment: Phobos

  • João Petersen,
  • Vítor Carvalho,
  • João Tiago Oliveira and
  • Eva Oliveira

Phobias are characterized as the excessive or irrational fear of an object or situation, and specific phobias affect about 10% of the world population. Blood-injection-injury phobia is a specific phobia that has a unique physical response to phobic s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,800 Views
9 Pages

Investigation of Gas-Sensitive Properties of Thin-Film Thermovoltaic Sensor Elements Based on Zinc Oxide

  • Igor Pronin,
  • Nadejda Yakushova,
  • Igor Averin,
  • Andrey Karmanov,
  • Vyacheslav Moshnikov and
  • Dimitre Dimitrov

24 October 2019

Systematic research on a new type of gas sensor devices based on the thermovoltaic effect in zinc oxide, inhomogeneously doped with impurities of variable valence, is presented in the article. The ZnO–ZnO–Me two-layer sandwich structure,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,771 Views
17 Pages

Beyond Reality—Extending a Presentation Trainer with an Immersive VR Module

  • Jan Schneider,
  • Gianluca Romano and
  • Hendrik Drachsler

7 August 2019

The development of multimodal sensor-based applications designed to support learners with the improvement of their skills is expensive since most of these applications are tailor-made and built from scratch. In this paper, we show how the Presentatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
11,129 Views
15 Pages

Design and Test of a Low-Cost RGB Sensor for Online Measurement of Microalgae Concentration within a Photo-Bioreactor

  • Micaela Benavides,
  • Johan Mailier,
  • Anne-Lise Hantson,
  • Gerardo Muñoz,
  • Alejandro Vargas,
  • Jan Van Impe and
  • Alain Vande Wouwer

26 February 2015

In this study, a low-cost RGB sensor is developed to measure online the microalgae concentration within a photo-bioreactor. Two commercially available devices, i.e., a spectrophotometer for offline measurements and an immersed probe for online measur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,313 Views
10 Pages

Water Plume Temperature Measurements by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)

  • Anthony DeMario,
  • Pete Lopez,
  • Eli Plewka,
  • Ryan Wix,
  • Hai Xia,
  • Emily Zamora,
  • Dan Gessler and
  • Azer P. Yalin

7 February 2017

We report on the development and testing of a proof of principle water temperature measurement system deployed on an unmanned aerial system (UAS), for field measurements of thermal discharges into water. The primary elements of the system include a q...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,086 Views
17 Pages

25 August 2014

The solution-phase self-assembly of bidentate 16-[3,5-bis(mercapto-methyl)phenoxy]hexadecanoic acid (BMPHA) on Au(111) was studied using nano-fabrication protocols with scanning probe nanolithography and immersion particle lithography. Molecularly th...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,174 Views
12 Pages

26 June 2019

Recently, many studies have been conducted to apply virtual reality (VR) technology to the mining industry. To accomplish this, it is necessary to develop user interface devices that can effectively control software. Most VR content in the mining ind...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,514 Views
13 Pages

Development of an Immunocapture-Based Polymeric Optical Fiber Sensor for Bacterial Detection in Water

  • Rafaela Nascimento Lopes,
  • Paulo Henrique Silva Pinto,
  • Juan David Lopez Vargas,
  • Alex Dante,
  • Andrew Macrae,
  • Regina Célia Barros Allil and
  • Marcelo Martins Werneck

21 March 2024

Conventional methods for pathogen detection in water rely on time-consuming enrichment steps followed by biochemical identification strategies, which require assay times ranging from 24 hours to a week. However, in recent years, significant efforts h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,098 Views
10 Pages

Copper Oxide Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for the Production of a Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor

  • Chung-En Cheng,
  • Sripansuang Tangsuwanjinda,
  • Hsin-Ming Cheng and
  • Po-Han Lee

4 August 2021

The glucose concentration in human blood can have a worrisome impact on human health, so the distribution of blood glucose contaminants in the human body is an important indicator that can be used to monitor diabetes. Diabetes affects many parts of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,947 Views
32 Pages

Driver Stress Detection from Physiological Signals by Virtual Reality Simulator

  • Nuria Mateos-García,
  • Ana-Belén Gil-González,
  • Ana Luis-Reboredo and
  • Belén Pérez-Lancho

One of the many areas in which artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are used is the development of systems for the recognition of vital emotions to control human health and safety. This study used biometric sensors in a multimodal approach to capt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,505 Views
21 Pages

Detection of Lunar Regolith Acquired by Excavator Using Radiofrequency (RF) Sensors

  • Krzysztof Kurek,
  • Karol Seweryn,
  • Arkadiusz Tkacz and
  • Gunter Just

26 January 2025

This paper presents the concept of a radiofrequency (RF) sensor designed to estimate the mass of the regolith acquired by a sampling device or excavator in planetary environments. The sensor utilizes a microstrip line with an open end as the sensing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,851 Views
14 Pages

Enhancing Smart Sensor Tag Sensing Performance-Based on Modified Plasma-Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliated Graphite Nanosheet

  • Tzu-Hsuan Lin,
  • Alan Putranto,
  • Yan-Ting Wang,
  • Qing-Hao Yang,
  • Ren-Jang Wu,
  • Chia-Hao Liu,
  • Che-Kuan Lin and
  • Murthy Chavali

22 November 2022

Water that penetrates through cracks in concrete can corrode steel bars. There is a need for reliable and practical seepage sensing technology to prevent failure and determine the necessary maintenance for a concrete structure. Therefore, we propose...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,174 Views
11 Pages

Sensors for Continuous Measuring of Sucrose Solutions Using Surface Plasmon Resonance

  • Francisco Pérez-Ocón,
  • Antonio M. Pozo,
  • José M. Serrano and
  • Ovidio Rabaza

27 January 2022

We propose two new sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and optical fibers to determine the concentration of sucrose in products such as beverages, honey, condensed milk, etc., in real-time during the fabrication process or when the produ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,179 Views
15 Pages

Research on Very-Low-Frequency Hydroacoustic Acoustic Velocity Sensor Based on DFB Fiber Laser

  • Chenxia Ruan,
  • Mo Chen,
  • Yang Yu,
  • Yichi Zhang,
  • Jianfei Wang,
  • Zhenrong Zhang,
  • Junbo Yang,
  • Shuolong Zhu and
  • Boyuan Qu

We have conducted a study on a very-low-frequency acoustic-velocity sensor which is based on a cantilever of distributed-feedback (DFB) fiber laser immersed in castor oil. A mathematical model of the frequency dependent response of the proposed senso...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,173 Views
13 Pages

The effect of impedance measurements of applied voltage on the detection of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water samples using interdigitated electrodes (IDE) coated or not with thin films, is described. Firstly, the effect of immersion in EE2 a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
8,891 Views
17 Pages

Development of Virtual Reality Automotive Lab for Training in Engineering Students

  • Macaria Hernández-Chávez,
  • José M. Cortés-Caballero,
  • Ángel A. Pérez-Martínez,
  • Luis F. Hernández-Quintanar,
  • Karen Roa-Tort,
  • Josué D. Rivera-Fernández and
  • Diego A. Fabila-Bustos

31 August 2021

A Virtual Reality application was developed to be used as an immersive virtual learning strategy for Oculus Rift S Virtual Reality glasses and through Leap Motion Controller™ infrared sensors, focused on students of the Automotive Systems Engineering...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,860 Views
22 Pages

27 May 2024

As the demand for renewable energy sources continues to increase, solar energy is becoming an increasingly popular option. Therefore, effective training in solar energy systems design and operation is crucial to ensure the successful implementation o...

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