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438 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
88 Citations
15,254 Views
34 Pages

A Review on the Production Methods and Applications of Graphene-Based Materials

  • Md Abdullah Al Faruque,
  • Md Syduzzaman,
  • Joy Sarkar,
  • Kadir Bilisik and
  • Maryam Naebe

16 September 2021

Graphene-based materials in the form of fibres, fabrics, films, and composite materials are the most widely investigated research domains because of their remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. In this era of scientific advanceme...

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
14,409 Views
11 Pages

24 December 2021

Graphene is a unique attractive material owing to its characteristic structure and excellent properties. To improve the preparation efficiency of graphene, reduce defects and costs, and meet the growing market demand, it is crucial to explore the imp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,624 Views
13 Pages

Graphene-Based Temperature Sensors–Comparison of the Temperature and Humidity Dependences

  • Jiří Štulík,
  • Ondřej Musil,
  • František Josefík and
  • Petr Kadlec

Four different graphene-based temperature sensors were prepared, and their temperature and humidity dependences were tested. Sensor active layers prepared from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (Gnp) were deposited on the substr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,318 Views
10 Pages

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene from Refined Benzene Extracted from Low-Rank Coal: Based on the CVD Technology

  • Dun Wu,
  • Meichen Wang,
  • Jiawei Zeng,
  • Jinyuan Yao,
  • Cheng Jia,
  • Hui Zhang and
  • Jiangtao Li

28 March 2021

Industrial preparation of graphene has been a research hotspot in recent years. Finding an economical and practical carbon source and reducing the cost of production and instrument is significant in industrial graphene production. Coal is a common ca...

  • Review
  • Open Access
179 Citations
12,422 Views
22 Pages

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

  • Vineet Kumar,
  • Anuj Kumar,
  • Dong-Joo Lee and
  • Sang-Shin Park

16 August 2021

Graphene, a two-dimensional nanosheet, is composed of carbon species (sp2 hybridized carbon atoms) and is the center of attention for researchers due to its extraordinary physicochemical (e.g., optical transparency, electrical, thermal conductivity,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,566 Views
19 Pages

Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure

  • Cheng Wang,
  • Ming Song,
  • Xianhui Chen,
  • Dongning Li,
  • Weiluo Xia and
  • Weidong Xia

11 February 2020

A thermal plasma process at atmospheric pressure is an attractive method for continuous synthesis of graphene flakes. In this paper, a magnetically rotating arc plasma system is employed to investigate the effects of buffer gases on graphene flakes s...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
117 Views
13 Pages

Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene from Lignin and Its Application for the Creation of Thermally Conductive and UV-Protective Coatings

  • Aleksei Vozniakovskii,
  • Alexander Voznyakovskii,
  • Anna Neverovskaya,
  • Nikita Podlozhnyuk,
  • Sergey Kidalov and
  • Evgeny Auchynnikau

2 December 2025

Coatings based on graphene nanostructures exhibit high thermal conductivity and are capable of effectively protecting materials from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation. However, due to the imperfections of the methods for synthesizing grap...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,669 Views
24 Pages

An Overview of Recycling Wastes into Graphene Derivatives Using Microwave Synthesis; Trends and Prospects

  • Nuralmeera Balqis,
  • Badrul Mohamed Jan,
  • Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar,
  • Akhmal Sidek,
  • George Kenanakis and
  • Rabia Ikram

14 May 2023

It is no secret that graphene, a two-dimensional single-layered carbon atom crystal lattice, has drawn tremendous attention due to its distinct electronic, surface, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties. Graphene also has opened up new possibilit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,282 Views
14 Pages

Microwave Plasma-Driven Synthesis of Graphene and N-Graphene at a Gram Scale

  • Neli Bundaleska,
  • Edgar Felizardo,
  • Ana Dias,
  • Ana Maria Ferraria,
  • Ana Maria Botelho do Rego,
  • Janez Zavašnik,
  • Uros Cvelbar,
  • Miroslav Abrashev,
  • Jivko Kissovski and
  • Amélia Almeida
  • + 3 authors

12 January 2025

The large-scale microwave plasma synthesis of graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene with tailored structural properties, crucial for their successful usage applications, has been demonstrated. The developed atmospheric pressure plasma method offers se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,703 Views
13 Pages

Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide

  • Apostolos Koutsioukis,
  • Konstantinos Spyrou,
  • Nikolaos Chalmpes,
  • Dimitrios Gournis and
  • Vasilios Georgakilas

28 January 2022

The dual use of potassium superoxide (KO2) to unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cut graphene under hydrothermal conditions is described in this work. The KO2-assisted hydrothermal treatment was proven to be a high-yield method for formi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,173 Views
15 Pages

7 August 2022

This study presents an easy and quick method for the synthesis of graphene from graphite in a set of solvents, including n-Hexadecane (n-Hexa), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 1-octanol (OCTA), perchloric acid (PA), N,N-Dimethylfor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,599 Views
17 Pages

Water Dispersible Few-Layer Graphene Stabilized by a Novel Pyrene Derivative at Micromolar Concentration

  • Eunice Cunha,
  • Maria Fernanda Proença,
  • Maria Goreti Pereira,
  • Maria José Fernandes,
  • Robert J. Young,
  • Karol Strutyński,
  • Manuel Melle-Franco,
  • Mariam Gonzalez-Debs,
  • Paulo E. Lopes and
  • Maria Da Conceição Paiva

30 August 2018

The search for graphene or few-layer graphene production methods that are simple, allow mass production, and yield good quality material continues to provoke intense investigation. The present work contributes to this investigation through the study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,847 Views
18 Pages

26 March 2024

Graphene-related two-dimensional materials available on the global market are manufactured using various production methods, with significant variations in properties and qualities causing serious concerns for the emerging multi-billion graphene indu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,171 Views
23 Pages

30 June 2023

The process of graphene growth by CVD involves a series of complex gas-phase surface chemical reactions, which generally go through three processes, including gas phase decomposition, surface chemical reaction, and gas phase diffusion. The complexity...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,481 Views
14 Pages

Graphene Production and Biomedical Applications: A Review

  • Klaudia Malisz and
  • Beata Świeczko-Żurek

23 September 2023

Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms with sp2 hybrid orbitals. Both graphene and graphene-based composite have gained broad interest among researchers because of their outstanding physiochemical, mechanical, and biologi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
114 Citations
9,384 Views
21 Pages

Graphene-Based Materials as Efficient Photocatalysts for Water Splitting

  • Josep Albero,
  • Diego Mateo and
  • Hermenegildo García

Photocatalysis has been proposed as one of the most promising approaches for solar fuel production. Among the photocatalysts studied for water splitting, graphene and related materials have recently emerged as attractive candidates due to their strik...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,647 Views
11 Pages

26 December 2022

Holey graphene, consisting of graphene sheets with in-plane nanopores, has recently attracted more attention as it expands graphene applications to other fields inaccessible by the pristine graphene. To ensure an effective implementation of holey gra...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,024 Views
15 Pages

Understanding the Synthesis of Turbostratic/Flash Graphene via Joule Heating

  • Faisal Mahmood,
  • Christian Fabrice Magoua Mbeugang,
  • Furqan Asghar,
  • Xing Xie,
  • Dan Lin,
  • Dongjing Liu and
  • Bin Li

18 June 2025

The introduction of the Joule heating (JH) method for synthesizing turbostratic graphene has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its promising potential for commercialization compared to earlier techniques. Numerous studies have...

  • Feature Paper
  • Communication
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,924 Views
9 Pages

19 February 2020

Among the several methods of producing graphene, the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite is attractive because of a simple and easy procedure, being expected for mass production. The dispersibility of graphene can be improved by adding a dispersant...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,681 Views
12 Pages

Seed-Assisted Synthesis of Graphene Films on Insulating Substrate

  • Qiqi Zhuo,
  • Yipeng Mao,
  • Suwei Lu,
  • Bolu Cui,
  • Li Yu,
  • Jijun Tang,
  • Jun Sun and
  • Chao Yan

28 April 2019

Synthesizing graphene at a large-scale and of high quality on insulating substrate is a prerequisite for graphene applications in electronic devices. Typically, graphene is synthesized and then transferred to the proper substrate for subsequent devic...

  • Review
  • Open Access
234 Citations
16,161 Views
15 Pages

Graphene, having a perfect two-dimensional crystal structure, has many excellent features such as a high specific surface area, and extraordinary electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. However, during the production process, lattice defects w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,279 Views
12 Pages

Qualitative Research of Composite Graphene Membranes Using the Electric Mode in SEM and AFM

  • Grzegorz Romaniak,
  • Konrad Dybowski,
  • Łukasz Kołodziejczyk and
  • Paulina Kowalczyk

3 January 2025

The development of new graphene-based materials necessitates the application of suitable material imaging techniques, especially for the identification of defects in the graphene structure and its continuity. For this purpose, it is natural to use on...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,182 Views
11 Pages

Characteristics of Graphene Growth at Different Temperatures from the Benzene Ring Structure in Coal Tar

  • Shuhan Zhao,
  • Zhongyang Luo,
  • Mengxiang Fang,
  • Qinhui Wang and
  • Jianmeng Cen

16 February 2023

A large number of aromatic substances can be found in so-called coal tar (containing >10,000 individual compounds), which is a mixture of heavy liquid fractions (dense viscous black liquor, tended to solidification) obtained after the pyrolysis of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,781 Views
9 Pages

14 November 2021

Scalable preparation of graphene with high adsorption capacity is an important prerequisite for fully realizing its commercial application. Herein, we propose an environmentally friendly route for exfoliation of graphene, which is established based o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,084 Views
11 Pages

Significant Improvement of Anticorrosion Properties of Zinc-Containing Coating Using Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Noncovalent Modified Graphene Dispersions

  • Jiehui Li,
  • Gang Niu,
  • Wei Bai,
  • Yanjie Ma,
  • Qingren Xiong,
  • Changyi Qin,
  • Junjie Zhang,
  • Ruihua An and
  • Wei Ren

25 November 2020

High-quality graphene zinc-containing anticorrosive coatings are highly and urgently desirable for effective, economical anticorrosion of metals and alloys in industrial products. The realization of such coatings is, however, hindered by the dispersi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,243 Views
12 Pages

Modelling the Structure and Optical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide Produced by Laser Ablation: Insights from XPS and Time-Dependent DFT

  • Igor V. Ershov,
  • Anatoly A. Lavrentyev,
  • Igor V. Bazhin,
  • Olga M. Holodova,
  • Natalia V. Prutsakova,
  • Tatiana P. Zhdanova and
  • Dmitry L. Romanov

1 April 2023

Graphene derivatives such as reduced graphene oxide and graphene-based composites are regarded as highly promising materials for optoelectronics and photodetection applications. Recently, considerable interest has arisen in using facile and environme...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,856 Views
12 Pages

Green Extraction of Graphene from Natural Mineral Shungite

  • Anastasia Novikova and
  • Alina Karabchevsky

7 December 2022

Conventional fabrication methods to produce graphene are cumbersome, expensive, and not ecologically friendly. This is due to the fact that the processing of a large volume of raw materials requires large amounts of acids and alkalis which, in turn,...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1,504 Views
6 Pages

Influence of Different Copper Treatment on the Formation of Single-Layer Graphene by CVD Method

  • Ivan Kondrashov,
  • Maxim Komlenok,
  • Pavel Pivovarov,
  • Sergei Savin,
  • Elena Obraztsova and
  • Maxim Rybin

11 November 2020

Chemical vapor deposition synthesis of graphene on copper foil from methane is the most promising technology for industrial production. However, an important problem of the formation of the second and subsequent graphene layers during synthesis arise...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,865 Views
12 Pages

Effect of Defects in Graphene/Cu Composites on the Density of States

  • Song Mi Kim,
  • Woo Rim Park,
  • Jun Seok Park,
  • Sang Min Song and
  • Oh Heon Kwon

20 January 2023

The process of handling and bonding copper (Cu) and graphene inevitably creates defects. To use graphene/Cu composites as electronic devices with new physical properties, it is essential to evaluate the effect of such defects. Since graphene is an ul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,677 Views
14 Pages

Improving the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of XNBR Using ILs/KH550-Functionalized Multilayer Graphene

  • Duoli Chen,
  • Chaoliang Gan,
  • Xiaoqiang Fan,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Wen Li,
  • Minhao Zhu and
  • Xin Quan

30 August 2019

Graphene has been considered an ideal nanoscale reinforced phase for preparing high-performance composites, but the poor compatibility and weak interfacial interaction with the matrix have limited its application. Here a highly effective and environm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,884 Views
10 Pages

Effect of Precursor on Antifouling Efficacy of Vertically-Oriented Graphene Nanosheets

  • Karthika Prasad,
  • Chaturanga D. Bandara,
  • Shailesh Kumar,
  • Gurinder Pal Singh,
  • Bastian Brockhoff,
  • Kateryna Bazaka and
  • Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Antifouling efficacy of graphene nanowalls, i.e., substrate-bound vertically-oriented graphene nanosheets, has been demonstrated against biofilm-forming Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Where graphene nanowalls are typically prepared using c...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,691 Views
32 Pages

Comprehensive Review of Graphene Synthesis Techniques: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

  • Joys Alisa Angelina Hutapea,
  • Yosia Gopas Oetama Manik,
  • Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru,
  • Jingfeng Huang,
  • Ronn Goei,
  • Alfred Iing Yoong Tok and
  • Rikson Siburian

21 August 2025

Graphene, a two-dimensional material with remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, has revolutionized the fields of electronics, energy storage, and nanotechnology. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of graphene synthesis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,114 Views
9 Pages

A Novel Sustainable Process for Multilayer Graphene Synthesis Using CO2 from Ambient Air

  • Matthew Colson,
  • Leandro Alvarez,
  • Stephanie Michelle Soto,
  • Sung Hee Joo,
  • Kai Li,
  • Andrew Lupini,
  • Kashif Nawaz,
  • Ignatius Fomunung,
  • Mbakisya A. Onyango and
  • Michael K. Danquah
  • + 2 authors

26 August 2022

Graphene produced by different methods can present varying physicochemical properties and quality, resulting in a wide range of applications. The implementation of a novel method to synthesize graphene requires characterizations to determine the rele...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,551 Views
13 Pages

13 September 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a versatile manufacturing method widely used in various industries due to its design flexibility, rapid production, and mechanical strength. Polyurethane (PU) is a biopolymer frequently employed in 3D printing appli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,264 Views
14 Pages

A Tape-Wrapping Strategy towards Electrochemical Fabrication of Water-Dispersible Graphene

  • Deyue Xiao,
  • Peng He,
  • Haolong Zheng,
  • Shujing Yang,
  • Siwei Yang and
  • Guqiao Ding

Graphene has achieved mass production via various preparative routes and demonstrated its uniqueness in many application fields for its intrinsically high electron mobility and thermal conductivity. However, graphene faces limitations in assembling m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,304 Views
10 Pages

Preparation of Copper Surface for the Synthesis of Single-Layer Graphene

  • Ivan Kondrashov,
  • Maxim Komlenok,
  • Pavel Pivovarov,
  • Sergey Savin,
  • Elena Obraztsova and
  • Maxim Rybin

22 April 2021

Chemical vapor deposition synthesis of graphene on copper foil from methane is the most promising technology for industrial production. However, an important problem of the formation of the additional graphene layers during synthesis arises due to th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
866 Views
18 Pages

Preliminary Study on Electrochemical Deposition of Graphene on Steel Substrate via In Situ Oxidation Using Cyclic Voltammetry

  • Mattia Pelucchi,
  • Brigida Alfano,
  • Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
  • Raphael Palucci Rosa and
  • Marina Cabrini

23 May 2025

This study explores an innovative method for depositing graphene directly onto metal surfaces, using cyclic voltammetry with a suspension of graphene in water. Most electrochemical deposition techniques up to now have concentrated on graphene oxide (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,926 Views
17 Pages

Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene is an environmentally friendly method, which enables mass production. Herein, three ionic liquids (ILs) with the same imidazole cation were used to exfoliate graphite into functionalized graphene, as a lubrican...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,292 Views
13 Pages

9 November 2023

Nanocomposites based on ferromagnetic nickel nanoparticles and graphene-related materials are actively used in various practical applications such as catalysis, sensors, sorption, etc. Therefore, maintaining their dispersity and homogeneity during de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,936 Views
14 Pages

Evaluation of Exfoliated Graphite to Graphene in Polyamide 66 Using Novel High Shear Elongational Flow

  • Justin W. Hendrix,
  • Ryan Szeto,
  • Thomas Nosker,
  • Jennifer Lynch-Branzoi and
  • Thomas J. Emge

17 December 2018

Graphene has been publicized as the game changing material of this millennium. To this day, scalable production leading to exceptional material properties has been difficult to attain. Most methods require harsh chemicals, which result in destroying...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
6,584 Views
15 Pages

13 February 2017

Graphene-based materials have aroused enormous focus on a wide range of engineering fields because of their unique structure. One of the most promising applications is gas adsorption and sensing. In electrical engineering, graphene-based sensors are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,998 Views
15 Pages

17 March 2021

In this work, we report a facile way to control crystalline structures of polyketone (PK) films by combining plasma surface treatment with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The crystalline structure of PKs grown on plasma-treated graphene an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
1,940 Views
9 Pages

28 December 2021

Scalable production of large size and high quality graphene is an important prerequisite to fully realize its commercial applications. Herein, we propose a high-efficient route for preparing few-layer graphene. The secondary exfoliation of unexfoliat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,240 Views
15 Pages

Antimicrobial Effect of Graphene in Dentistry: A Scoping Review

  • Ricardo Martuci,
  • Susana João Oliveira,
  • Mateus Martuci,
  • José Reis-Campos and
  • Maria Helena Figueiral

5 August 2025

Background/Objectives: The functionalization of various forms of graphene, such as graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide, in biomaterials is a promising strategy in dentistry, particularly regarding their antimicrobial po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,864 Views
8 Pages

Laser-Induced Generation of Hydrogen in Water by Using Graphene Target

  • Wieslaw Strek,
  • Przemysław Wiewiórski,
  • Włodzimierz Miśta,
  • Robert Tomala and
  • Mariusz Stefanski

22 January 2022

A new method of hydrogen generation from water, by irradiation with CW infrared laser diode of graphene scaffold immersed in solution, is reported. Hydrogen production was extremely efficient upon admixing NaCl into water. The efficiency of hydrogen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,411 Views
45 Pages

27 August 2022

High-quality graphene has demonstrated remarkable mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties. These features have paved the road for the introduction of graphene into numerous applications such as optoelectronics and energy devices, phot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
641 Views
11 Pages

CdZnS Nanowire Decorated with Graphene for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

  • Zemeng Wang,
  • Yunsheng Shen,
  • Qingsheng Liu,
  • Tao Deng,
  • Kangqiang Lu and
  • Zhaoguo Hong

20 July 2025

Harnessing abundant and renewable solar energy for photocatalytic hydrogen production is a highly promising approach to sustainable energy generation. To realize the practical implementation of such systems, the development of photocatalysts that sim...

  • Review
  • Open Access
44 Citations
10,977 Views
40 Pages

13 July 2017

In this review, the fundamental aspects (with particular focus to the microscopic thermodynamics and kinetics mechanisms) concerning the fabrication of graphene-metal nanoparticles composites are discussed. In particular, the attention is devoted to...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
7,670 Views
39 Pages

18 August 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, alternatively known as additive manufacturing, is a transformative technology enabling precise, customized, and efficient manufacturing of components with complex structures. It revolutionizes traditional processes, a...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
96 Citations
13,868 Views
11 Pages

Toward Large-Scale Production of Oxidized Graphene

  • Talia Tene,
  • Gabriela Tubon Usca,
  • Marco Guevara,
  • Raul Molina,
  • Francesco Veltri,
  • Melvin Arias,
  • Lorenzo S. Caputi and
  • Cristian Vacacela Gomez

6 February 2020

The oxidative exfoliation of graphite is a promising approach to the large-scale production of graphene. Conventional oxidation of graphite essentially facilitates the exfoliation process; however, the oxidation procedure releases toxic gases and req...

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