Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
2.1. Experimental Apparatus
2.2. Experimental Parameters
2.3. Characterization
3. Results
3.1. TEM Images
3.2. Raman Spectroscopy
3.3. XRD Patterns
3.4. XPS Spectra
3.5. BET Surface Area
3.6. Synthesis Rate/Yield
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test | Input Power I/U/P | Feedstock Gas | Buffer Gas |
---|---|---|---|
Ar | 85 A/61 V/~5.2 kW | C3H8 1 slm | Ar 35 slm |
He | 92 A/103 V/~9.5 kW | C3H8 1 slm | He 35 slm |
Ar-H2 | 90 A/84 V/~7.6 kW | C3H8 1 slm | Ar (32 slm), H2 (3 slm) |
Ar-N2 | 95 A/78 V/~7.4 kW | C3H8 1 slm | Ar (32 slm), N2 (3 slm) |
Sample | Position (cm−1) | FWHM (cm−1) | ID/IG Value | I2D/IG Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ar | 1575.58 | 42.37 | 0.54 | 0.53 |
He | 1573.28 | 31.40 | 0.46 | 0.64 |
Ar-H2 | 1571.17 | 30.81 | 0.37 | 0.69 |
Ar-N2 | 1581.56 | 29.36 | 0.25 | 0.82 |
Sample | C | O | N |
---|---|---|---|
Ar | 98.9% | 1.1% | - |
He | 98.7% | 1.3% | - |
Ar-H2 | 98.9% | 1.1% | - |
Ar-N2 | 95.8% | 2.3% | 1.9% |
N2 Flow Rate | N-Doped Content | Pyridinic N | Pyrrolic N | Graphitic N | Oxidized N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 slm | 0.7% | 0.16% | 0.31% | 0.12% | 0.11% |
3 slm | 1.9% | 0.43% | 0.85% | 0.36% | 0.26% |
5 slm | 2.8% | 0.76% | 1.31% | 0.41% | 0.32% |
Sample | BET Surface Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Average Pore Size (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
Ar | 138.26 | 0.57 | 19.18 |
He | 172.63 | 0.68 | 16.26 |
Ar-H2 | 281.94 | 0.94 | 14.89 |
Ar-N2 | 353.77 | 1.31 | 13.21 |
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Wang, C.; Song, M.; Chen, X.; Li, D.; Xia, W.; Xia, W. Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020309
Wang C, Song M, Chen X, Li D, Xia W, Xia W. Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(2):309. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020309
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Cheng, Ming Song, Xianhui Chen, Dongning Li, Weiluo Xia, and Weidong Xia. 2020. "Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure" Nanomaterials 10, no. 2: 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020309