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  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
49 Citations
8,763 Views
19 Pages

A Review on Flexural Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

  • Bingyu Jian,
  • Sarah Mohrmann,
  • Haitao Li,
  • Yuanjie Li,
  • Mahmud Ashraf,
  • Jun Zhou and
  • Xiaoyan Zheng

21 September 2022

Wood–plastic composite (WPC) is a kind of composite material that is made of plastic and wood fiber or wood powder. Because it is mothproof, is resistant to corrosion, and has plasticity, among other advantages, it has been researched and used...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,612 Views
34 Pages

13 December 2022

Polyurethane cement composite is a new organic–inorganic composite material with high strength, corrosion resistance, and fast curing. It is a complement and alternative to traditional cement materials. The flexural properties of polyurethane c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,943 Views
19 Pages

Effects of Traffic Vibrations on the Flexural Properties of Newly Placed PVA-ECC Bridge Repairs

  • Xiaodong Zhang,
  • Shuguang Liu,
  • Changwang Yan,
  • Xiaoxiao Wang and
  • Huiwen Wang

13 October 2019

Polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineering cementitious composites (PVA-ECCs) exhibit excellent tight-cracking and super-high toughness behaviors and have been widely used in bridge repair projects. In reality, the conventional method in bridge r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,766 Views
19 Pages

Research on Flexural and Freeze–Thaw Properties of Polypropylene-Fiber-Reinforced Pavement Concrete Containing Waterborne Epoxy

  • Li Wang,
  • Bing Zhang,
  • Hongliang Zhang,
  • Bendong Zhao,
  • Biao Wang,
  • Quanman Zhao and
  • Min Sun

2 June 2023

In order to further enhance the reinforcing effectiveness of polypropylene (PP) fibers on pavement concrete, waterborne epoxy (WBE) was introduced in this research and its effect on the flexural properties and freeze–thaw resistance of PP-fiber...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,721 Views
19 Pages

5 June 2022

This study investigates an experimental and analytical study on the flexural, failure, and viscoelastic properties of hybrid and non-hybrid composite laminates at increasing temperatures and frequencies. Carbon, glass, and hybrids of the two fibre ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,481 Views
26 Pages

12 February 2023

In recent years, basalt-fiber-reinforced polymers (BFRPs) have been widely used in the field of corrosive aging resistance. In this paper, BFRPs are made into composite laminates, and the flexural properties of BFRPs modified with different types of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,724 Views
26 Pages

9 November 2025

Acrylic solid surface composites made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and aluminum trihydrate, Al(OH)3 (ATH) are widely used in furniture and interior applications. However, independent brand comparative data, especially on density-normalized (&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,915 Views
27 Pages

Mechanical Properties and Flexural Response of Palm Shell Aggregate Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beam

  • Md. Habibur Rahman Sobuz,
  • Md. Saiful Islam,
  • Abu Sayed Mohammad Akid,
  • Shuvo Dip Datta,
  • Turki S. Alahmari,
  • Noor Md. Sadiqul Hasan,
  • Md. Tareq Hossain Khondoker and
  • Fahim Shahriyar Aditto

9 November 2023

This work focuses on examining the mechanical characteristics and flexural response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams by incorporating oil palm shell (OPS) lightweight aggregate from oil palm shell waste. The OPS aggregates are replaced in various pe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,592 Views
21 Pages

16 March 2025

The article deals with the investigation of the flexural properties of 3D-printed Nylon CF12 with regard to the correlation between the loading and layering directions. It also discusses the prospective consideration of a suitable combination of ligh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,175 Views
10 Pages

27 June 2017

This study investigated the influence of porosity on the flexural property of a nanoporous alumina film. When the porosity of the alumina film increased, both bending strength and modulus declined. The results from the bending test revealed that the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,107 Views
22 Pages

24 August 2024

Despite ongoing research efforts aimed at understanding the structural response of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), there is very limited research on the failure characteristics and mesoscopic damage mechanism of SFRC, specifically when under...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,912 Views
15 Pages

9 May 2023

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) boxes are used for the packaging of perishable and vulnerable goods during transportation; for instance, fresh fish fillets. It is important to minimize the weight and cost of the packaging materials while maximizing streng...

  • Article
  • Open Access
150 Citations
13,770 Views
15 Pages

10 April 2019

Fused deposition modeling possesses great advantages in fabricating high performance composites with controllable structural designs. As such, it has attracted attention from medical, automatic, and aerospace fields. In this paper, the influence of s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
171 Citations
12,385 Views
23 Pages

27 March 2018

Fused-deposition modeling (FDM), one of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, is an advanced digital manufacturing technique that produces parts by heating, extruding and depositing filaments of thermoplastic polymers. The properties of FDM-p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,135 Views
13 Pages

The Effect of Acidic Immersion Media on the Flexural Properties of a High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced CAD/CAM Technopolymer

  • Hanin E. Yeslam,
  • Hazzaa H. Alqahtani,
  • Aws M. Filemban,
  • Sultan O. Jiffri and
  • Abeer K. Tashkandi

29 April 2025

Introduction: High-performance fiber-reinforced technopolymers for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of dental restorations offer superior durability and strength. However, exposure to acidic solutions may adversely affect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,501 Views
18 Pages

Influence of Cooling Rate on the Flexural and Impact Properties of Compression Molded Non-Woven Flax/PLA Biocomposites

  • Anurag Pisupati,
  • Marco Curto,
  • Thomas Laurent,
  • Benoit Cosson,
  • Chung Hae Park and
  • Hom Nath Dhakal

13 February 2025

This work investigates the influence of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of needle-punched non-woven flax/polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites with different flax fiber contents. Biocomposites were fabricated by a compression molding adoptin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,919 Views
19 Pages

24 July 2023

There is growing emphasis on developing green composites as a substitute for oil-based materials. In the pursuit of studying and enhancing the mechanical properties of these composites, tensile tests are predominantly employed, often overlooking the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,830 Views
17 Pages

20 October 2023

The material extrusion fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique has become a widely used technique that enables the production of complex parts for various applications. To overcome limitations of PLA material such as low impact toughness, commercia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,744 Views
17 Pages

Effect of Chemical Aggressive Media on the Flexural Properties of Cured-In-Place Pipes Supported by Microstructure Observation and Acoustic Emission

  • Jakub Hodul,
  • Jana Majerová,
  • Rostislav Drochytka,
  • Richard Dvořák,
  • Libor Topolář and
  • Luboš Pazdera

8 July 2020

The cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) method is currently the most frequently used approach for the renovation of piping without digging; this technology is suitable for pipes made from all types of material. The authors of this paper examined how chemical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,466 Views
15 Pages

Effect of Raster Angle and Infill Pattern on the In-Plane and Edgewise Flexural Properties of Fused Filament Fabricated Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene

  • Hamza Qayyum,
  • Ghulam Hussain,
  • Muhammad Sulaiman,
  • Malik Hassan,
  • Aaqib Ali,
  • Riaz Muhammad,
  • Hongyu Wei,
  • Tauheed Shehbaz,
  • Muhammad Aamir and
  • Khurram Altaf

11 December 2022

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a popular additive manufacturing process to produce printed polymer components, whereby their strength is highly dependent on the process parameters. The raster angle and infill pattern are two key process paramete...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,471 Views
25 Pages

10 April 2025

This study incorporated silane coupling agent KH550-modified nano-alumina (KH550-Al2O3) into vinyl ester resin (VER) for modification. The effect of KH550-Al2O3 on the flexural properties of VER and basalt fiber-reinforced vinyl ester resin (BF/VER)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,446 Views
16 Pages

30 October 2018

(1) In order to improve the interface bonding state between poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers and a polyimide (PI) polymer matrix, as well as its effectiveness under elevated temperature, rare earth solution (RES) and coupling agent were...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,919 Views
11 Pages

18 March 2024

Recently, short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (SFRTPCs) have been playing a more and more crucial role in the application of automotive interior materials due to their advantages of low density and environmental resistance properties. How...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,580 Views
25 Pages

3 October 2021

In response to the high demand for light automotive, manufacturers are showing a vital interest in replacing heavy metallic components with composite materials that exhibit unparalleled strength-to-weight ratios and excellent properties. Unidirection...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,443 Views
13 Pages

19 February 2025

A variety of printable resins for denture bases are available, without detailed instructions on print parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the printing build angle and the layer thickness of 3D-printed denture base resins before and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,112 Views
17 Pages

10 November 2022

Syntactic foam made from hollow glass microspheres (HGM) in an epoxy matrix has proven to be a good material with a strong structural strength. Understanding filler particle size variation is important in composite material formation, especially in s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,626 Views
12 Pages

Tensile, Flexural, and Morphological Properties of Jute/Oil Palm Pressed Fruit Fibers Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Hybrid Composites

  • Oluyemi Ojo Daramola,
  • Oluwatosin Abiodun Balogun,
  • Adeolu Adesoji Adediran,
  • Sheriff Olalekan Saka,
  • Isiaka Oluwole Oladele and
  • Esther Titilayo Akinlabi

2 November 2021

The incorporation of materials that were formally regarded as agricultural wastes into polymeric matrix has drawn the attention of many researchers in recent years. This research focused on reinforcing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix with tre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,606 Views
18 Pages

Hybridization Effect on Interlaminar Bond Strength, Flexural Properties, and Hardness of Carbon–Flax Fiber Thermoplastic Bio-Composites

  • Mohsen Bahrami,
  • Juan Carlos del Real,
  • Mahoor Mehdikhani,
  • José Antonio Butenegro,
  • Juana Abenojar and
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez

5 December 2023

Hybridizing carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers with natural fibers could be a solution to prevent delamination and improve the out-of-plane properties of laminated composites. Delamination is one of the initial damage modes in composite laminates, attr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,367 Views
23 Pages

6 December 2024

Carbon–glass hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer (C-GFRP) winding pipes integrated with the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness offer immense potential to mitigate corrosion issues in oil, g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,532 Views
17 Pages

Influence of Woven Glass-Fibre Prepreg Orientation on the Flexural Properties of a Sustainable Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Panel for Structural Applications

  • Abd Latif Amir,
  • Mohammad Ridzwan Ishak,
  • Noorfaizal Yidris,
  • Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri,
  • Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf and
  • Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria

15 July 2023

Owing to the high potential application need in the aerospace and structural industry for honeycomb sandwich composite, the study on the flexural behaviour of sandwich composite structure has attracted attention in recent decades. The excellent bendi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,158 Views
13 Pages

Flexural Properties and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Polyamide 11/Basalt Fiber Fabric Laminates

  • Libera Vitiello,
  • Pietro Russo,
  • Ilaria Papa,
  • Valentina Lopresto,
  • Davide Mocerino and
  • Giovanni Filippone

27 March 2021

Environmentally friendly composite plates intended for load-bearing applications were prepared and systematically characterized in terms of mechanical performances and morphological features. Sample plates combining two extrusion grades of bio-polyam...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,980 Views
17 Pages

31 January 2024

In this study, five three-dimensional angle-interlock fabrics with different warp and weft densities were fabricated using 1000D Kevlar filaments. The Kevlar/EP composites were prepared by vacuum-assisted molding techniques. The low-velocity impact p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,348 Views
21 Pages

Improvements of Flexural Properties and Thermal Performance in Thin Geopolymer Based on Fly Ash and Ladle Furnace Slag Using Borax Decahydrates

  • Ng Yong-Sing,
  • Liew Yun-Ming,
  • Heah Cheng-Yong,
  • Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah,
  • Phakkhananan Pakawanit,
  • Petrica Vizureanu,
  • Mohd Suhaimi Khalid,
  • Ng Hui-Teng,
  • Hang Yong-Jie and
  • Agata Śliwa
  • + 4 authors

13 June 2022

This paper elucidates the influence of borax decahydrate addition on the flexural and thermal properties of 10 mm thin fly ash/ladle furnace slag (FAS) geopolymers. The borax decahydrate (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) was incorporated to produce FAB geopolyme...

  • Article
  • Open Access
65 Citations
4,794 Views
11 Pages

18 November 2020

This paper investigates the influence of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of a unidirectional (UD) kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP) and hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (GKFRP) composites. In this study, thre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,893 Views
20 Pages

29 December 2023

This study prepares composite panels with three Polylactic acid (PLA)-based materials via the multi-material fused filament fabrication method. The influences of four processing parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples are invest...

  • Article
  • Open Access
308 Views
17 Pages

Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites: Flexural Properties, Roughness, Water Sorption and Solubility, and Color Stability

  • Khalid S. Almulhim,
  • Sarah M. Alghamdi,
  • Raghad S. Alqahtani,
  • Jood K. Alsahiem,
  • Afnan O. Al-Zain,
  • Mohammed M. Gad and
  • Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad

14 February 2026

Background/Objectives: Bulk-fill (BF) resin-based composites (RBCs) have become increasingly popular due to their efficient placement. However, there is a lack of comprehensive performance comparisons among commercially available BF RBCs. In standard...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,871 Views
14 Pages

A Study of the Flexural Properties of PA12/Clay Nanocomposites

  • Josip Stojšić,
  • Pero Raos,
  • Andrijana Milinović and
  • Darko Damjanović

21 January 2022

Polymer nanocomposites consist of a polymer matrix and reinforcing particles that have at least one dimension under 100 nm. The processing of nanocomposite polymers is the most important stage, determining the final properties of nanocomposites. Nano...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,360 Views
17 Pages

Flexural Behavior of HPFRCC Members with Inhomogeneous Material Properties

  • Kyung-Joon Shin,
  • Kyu-Hyeon Jang,
  • Young-Cheol Choi and
  • Seong-Cheol Lee

21 April 2015

In this paper, the flexural behavior of High-performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) has been investigated, especially focusing on the localization of cracks, which significantly governs the flexural behavior of HPFRCC members. F...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,178 Views
16 Pages

13 May 2022

Reinforcement corrosion poses a great threat to the safety of reinforced concrete structures, and the fiber-reinforced polymer is the ideal material to partially replace steel bars due to the high strength, light weight and good durability. However,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,181 Views
21 Pages

3 June 2024

This article is focused on the experimental study of flexural properties in different multi-layer carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and correlations with the results of finite element method (FEM) simulations of mechanical properties....

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,668 Views
12 Pages

Flexural Properties of Multiple Bamboo Beams with Connection Joints

  • Hui Zhou,
  • Yan Yan,
  • Na Su,
  • Changhua Fang,
  • Huanrong Liu,
  • Xiubiao Zhang,
  • Benhua Fei and
  • Xinxin Ma

5 November 2022

Bamboo is a natural material widely used in buildings and bridges that has good mechanical properties. However, the longitudinal connection of bamboo culms is a major problem for the bamboo industry. In this study, sleeve-nailed bamboo specimens were...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,834 Views
10 Pages

6 February 2018

In this article, hybrid composite laminates with shape memory alloy (SMA) and glass fiber (GF) as the reinforced phase, and epoxy resin as the host material, were manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin injection (VARI) processing. The SMA wires were e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
2,944 Views
17 Pages

Study on Flexural Fatigue Properties of POM Fiber Airport Pavement Concrete

  • Zhenhui Wang,
  • Rongxin Guo,
  • Guoshou Liu,
  • Luxin Guo and
  • Yong Yan

22 July 2022

Polyoxymethylene (POM) fiber is a new polymer fiber with the potential to improve the performance of airport pavement concrete. The effect of POM fiber on the flexural fatigue properties of concrete is an important issue in its application for airpor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,154 Views
18 Pages

9 May 2023

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has greater mechanical and durability performance than normal concrete (NC). Using a limited dosage of UHPC on the external surface of NC to form a gradient structure could significantly improve the strength and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,390 Views
12 Pages

Fiber factor strongly influences the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Theoretically, strong fiber-matrix bonds combined with long fibers can produce high composite strength, while short fibers influence the ductility of the composi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,144 Views
15 Pages

Optimization of Compression and Flexural Properties of Masonry Veneers with Recycled PET-1

  • Juan Paredes,
  • Willan Castillo,
  • Gabriela Salinas,
  • Henry Erazo and
  • Víctor H. Guerrero

23 February 2023

The study of new materials formulated using recycled polymers offers an ecological and sustainable alternative for the construction industry. In this work, we optimized the mechanical behavior of manufactured masonry veneers made from concrete reinfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,529 Views
11 Pages

7 January 2019

Z-pinning can significantly improve the interlaminar shear properties of carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (Cf/Al). However, the effect of the metal z-pin on the in-plane properties of Cf/Al is unclear. This study examines the effect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
11,519 Views
15 Pages

28 July 2023

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been the most-widely used denture base material in prosthetic dentistry for the last 80 years. It is still one of the best alternatives when new methods are inapplicable. Due to the lack of some physical inadequacies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,554 Views
16 Pages

Flexural Properties of Textile-Reinforced Concrete with Nonorthogonal Grids

  • Tianqi Zhang,
  • Boxin Wang,
  • Xinyu Lu and
  • Jiahuan Guo

28 November 2022

Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a cement-based composite material that uses textile as a reinforcement material. The weft-direction fiber bundles in the traditional orthogonally arranged warp–weft textile hardly bear force, and its bonding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,489 Views
23 Pages

Post-Heat Flexural Properties of Siloxane-Modified Epoxy/Phenolic Composites Reinforced by Glass Fiber

  • Yundong Ji,
  • Xinchen Zhang,
  • Changzeng Wang,
  • Shuxin Li and
  • Dongfeng Cao

5 March 2024

The post-heat mechanical property is one of the important indices for the fire-resistance evaluation of fiber-reinforced polymers. At present, the primary approach to improving the post-heat mechanical property of a material involves incorporating in...

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