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228 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,694 Views
14 Pages

External Transport Costs and Implications for Sustainable Transport Policy

  • Rafał Koba,
  • Patryk Lipka,
  • Marcin Kalinowski,
  • Krzysztof Czaplewski,
  • Joanna Witkowska and
  • Adam Weintrit

7 November 2024

This study investigated the external costs of different transport modes and their implications for sustainable transport policy. Utilising the INCONE60 Cargo Flow Model, we quantified and compared road and maritime transport’s environmental and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
7,617 Views
19 Pages

21 July 2020

Sustainable transport, such as using inland waterway transport (IWT), represents a major pillar of the European Green Deal to reduce global warming. To evaluate the different inland transport modes (road, rail, IWT), it is crucial to know the externa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,219 Views
22 Pages

Exploring External Costs on the Example of Sea–Land Transport Chains of Refrigerated Cargo Between Spain and Poland

  • Marcin Kalinowski,
  • Rafał Koba,
  • Patryk Lipka,
  • Krzysztof Czaplewski,
  • Adam Weintrit and
  • Joanna Witkowska

28 December 2024

The aim of this study is to identify sea–land transport chains of refrigerated cargo against the background of direct road transport on the Valencia–Warsaw route based on the analysis of external costs with particular consideration of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,269 Views
10 Pages

15 November 2021

External transport costs are becoming an increasingly important factor in the choice of transport routes. According to sustainability principles, the first choice criterion should be the route with the least harmful impact on the environment and heal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,922 Views
20 Pages

Given the need to reduce fuel emissions from transport many research studies have been devoted to the development of technologies and identification of new policies to tackle this problem. The majority of these strategies either increase the costs (e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,453 Views
16 Pages

Port Cooperation and Bundling: A Way to Reduce the External Costs of Hinterland Transport

  • Joost Hintjens,
  • Edwin van Hassel,
  • Thierry Vanelslander and
  • Eddy Van de Voorde

29 November 2020

The present paper studies the bundling of road cargo flows of neighbouring seaports to a common hinterland. In specific cases, some hinterland flows can be too small to make bundling in a sufficient frequency possible. By combining the road freight f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
8,584 Views
27 Pages

22 March 2012

This article examines the inefficient use of resources in the Brazilian transportation system. The energy use growth and external cost generation in this essential economic sector are considerable, and the trend is towards an increasing problem in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,376 Views
21 Pages

6 January 2021

Under the background of economic globalization, the air transport industry developed rapidly. It turns out that the city-to-city network has not been able to adapt well to the development of the society, and the hub-and-spoke network came into being....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,340 Views
16 Pages

9 October 2024

The primary objectives of transportation system development in European countries include improving transport efficiency, enhancing national economic competitiveness, and promoting sustainable mobility. A key aspect of achieving these goals is the ev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,803 Views
18 Pages

3 September 2021

This paper applies a methodology for computing external costs in an intermodal transport network that includes short sea shipping to explore the impact of external costs in its competitiveness. The network, which includes roads, freight railways, mar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,815 Views
22 Pages

7 December 2023

This article addresses certain issues related to the application of various cargo delivery systems that facilitate energy transition in cities and agglomerations. The main purpose of this article was to estimate the effects resulting from the applica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,295 Views
24 Pages

18 October 2021

This paper addresses the issue of incorporating rail transport into an urban delivery system. Its main purpose was to identify the possibilities of utilising rail transport in a Zero-emission Urban Delivery System (ZUDS) by applying Light Freight Rai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,921 Views
15 Pages

24 August 2022

To ensure the development of sustainability, the Europe Union (EU) set the goal of becoming a climate-neutral economy by 2050. The EU’s ambitious new target cannot be achieved without the involvement of all modes of transport in order to reduce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
8,737 Views
20 Pages

Does Sustainable Transport Deliver Societal Value? Exploring Concepts, Methods, and Impacts with Case Studies

  • Andrea Marcello Bassi,
  • Georg Pallaske,
  • Nathalia Niño and
  • Liesbeth Casier

2 February 2022

Transportation is one of the main enablers of development. It connects communities, allows the trade of goods among territories, and provides equitable access to public services. However, it is also one of the main causes of climate change, impacting...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,029 Views
18 Pages

22 January 2025

Decision making in city logistics (CL) is complex due to the numerous concepts and alternatives, as well as the intricate relationships between measures and effects. This study introduces a novel approach to evaluating urban freight transport (UFT) b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,740 Views
14 Pages

30 April 2021

It is now widely accepted that the locations of intermediate facilities, such as logistics platforms or inland ports, are key elements of multimodal freight distribution networks and heavily influence their effectiveness. This crucial role of localiz...

  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
7,049 Views
15 Pages

15 January 2019

Active mode (walking, bicycling, and their variants) users are exposed to various negative externalities from motor vehicle traffic, including injury risks, noise, and air pollutants. This directly harms the users of these modes and discourages their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
10,426 Views
16 Pages

10 November 2020

The paper deals with the economic efficiency of decentralized and centralized strategies of distribution goods in terms of both internal efficiency of firms and external costs of logistics processes (first of all external costs of transport). The aut...

  • Article
  • Open Access
280 Views
30 Pages

19 December 2025

Road transport constitutes a crucial element of the European economy, but it also generates significant external costs. In the process of reducing the impact of road transport on the environment and society, numerous actions are being undertaken to i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,423 Views
20 Pages

25 October 2025

Traffic accidents remain a major global burden, causing mortality, disability, and socio-economic losses that hinder sustainable development. Beyond human suffering, crashes place long-term pressures on health systems, labor markets, and national eco...

  • Article
  • Open Access
56 Citations
10,029 Views
19 Pages

Retailers and consumers are increasingly “omnichannel”. This means that retailers offer multiple integrated offline and online channels to their customers, while consumers use multiple offline and online channels throughout their shopping...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,634 Views
17 Pages

Tools and Methodologies for the Analysis of Home-to-Work Shuttle Service Impacts: The ENEA “Casaccia” Case Study

  • Fabio Carapellucci,
  • Valentina Conti,
  • Maria Lelli,
  • Carlo Liberto,
  • Silvia Orchi,
  • Gaetano Valenti and
  • Maria Pia Valentini

Mobility management is a regulatory framework designed to streamline systematic mobility and mitigate energy, environmental and economic impacts. In this work, we propose a flexible methodology for evaluating the sustainability of home-to-work travel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,463 Views
21 Pages

7 February 2022

While many previous studies have suggested well-defined procedures to find appropriate supply chains, a limited number of studies have been conducted with uncertain values relating to transportation costs. Most of these have included only limited det...

  • Article
  • Open Access
903 Views
14 Pages

Modelling Energy Demands of Cross-Country Tests in 2-Star to 5-Star Eventing Competitions

  • Anna M. Liedtke,
  • Hans Meijer,
  • Stephanie Horstmann,
  • Caroline von Reitzenstein,
  • Insa Rump and
  • Katharina Kirsch

17 June 2025

Eventing is an Olympic equestrian discipline comprising dressage, cross-country, and show jumping, with the cross-country phase imposing the greatest physical demands on horses. This study presents a composite model to estimate energy expenditure dur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,292 Views
22 Pages

17 December 2019

Comparisons of emissions and external environmental costs between transport modes usually focus on a distance-based approach. Emissions, and consequently the external costs of transport modes, are measured either per kilometer or passenger kilometer....

  • Article
  • Open Access
381 Citations
42,662 Views
18 Pages

A Review of Last Mile Logistics Innovations in an Externalities Cost Reduction Vision

  • Luigi Ranieri,
  • Salvatore Digiesi,
  • Bartolomeo Silvestri and
  • Michele Roccotelli

12 March 2018

In this paper, a review of the recent scientific literature contributions on innovative strategies for last mile logistics, focusing on externalities cost reduction, is presented. Transport is causing problems in urban areas, in particular in freight...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,952 Views
22 Pages

13 June 2021

The aim of the research is to identify and quantify the direct economic effects resulting from the improved seaport nautical access and capacity expansion. This case study considers a regional port located in the Baltic sea and relates to port users,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,865 Views
16 Pages

23 September 2020

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a useful method for determining relative efficiency in many types of businesses, including the transport sector. In line with the European Union’s (EU) policy of sustainable development of transport, external...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,085 Views
26 Pages

Assessment of the External Costs of Life Cycle of Coal: The Case Study of Southwestern China

  • Xiaonan Wang,
  • Licheng Wang,
  • Jianping Chen,
  • Shouting Zhang and
  • Paolo Tarolli

3 August 2020

Coal will continue to be the main energy source in China for the immediate future, although the environmental pollution and ecological impacts of each stage in the full life cycle of coal mining, transportation, and combustion generate large quantiti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,558 Views
17 Pages

14 July 2023

Intelligent transport systems are used in various transport systems, among which a special place is occupied by crewed autonomous transport systems such as space stations for deep space habitation. These objects have a complex and critical requiremen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,817 Views
30 Pages

13 March 2025

Advancements in transport engineering and technology play a crucial role in improving multimodal transport systems and optimizing logistics operations. This study focuses on efficient material flow management in an industrial enterprise, directly sup...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,077 Views
15 Pages

8 February 2016

Facing sharp competition in the market for shipping companies, it is necessary to make reasonable and efficient decisions to optimize the container shipping line network so as to improve the shipping efficiency and reduce the transportation cost, as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,863 Views
15 Pages

1 July 2022

The main objective of this paper is to present an analytical methodological framework for the estimation of the external costs of air emissions from passenger ships. We used as a case study the two main ports of Crete (Souda and Heraklion) and studie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
19,284 Views
35 Pages

Evaluating Impacts of Overweight in Road Freight Transportation: A Case Study in Brazil with System Dynamics

  • Verônica Ghisolfi,
  • Glaydston Mattos Ribeiro,
  • Gisele de Lorena Diniz Chaves,
  • Rômulo Dante Orrico Filho,
  • Ivone Catarina Simões Hoffmann and
  • Leonardo Roberto Perim

3 June 2019

Overweight vehicles in ornamental stone transportation reduce the lifespan of the pavement and increase accidents on Brazilian highways. This paper evaluates the relationship between different policies for the loading of ornamental stone vehicles and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
70 Citations
10,566 Views
13 Pages

15 July 2020

With solar photovoltaics (PV) playing an increasing role in our global energy market, it is now timely and critical to understand the end of life management of the solar panels. Recycling the panels can be an important pathway, possibly recovering a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,900 Views
18 Pages

7 January 2017

Earthwork in road construction projects is the major activity that accounts for about 20%–30% of the total construction cost, and the internal/external hauling plan is the key factor for determining the successful completion of the project. However,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,017 Views
22 Pages

23 March 2021

External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise are among the most important environmental externalities that are generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
11,755 Views
19 Pages

21 January 2022

The article concerns the problem of efficiency of the Just-In-Time (JIT) system, taking into account the benefits for the company and external costs. The aim of the article was to present the conditions conducive to the effective implementation of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,748 Views
23 Pages

11 October 2021

The aim of the research is to identify and quantify the direct sustainable effects resulting from the improved road infrastructure in the local urban-port transport system. This case study considers the city port of Szczecin (Poland). The effects are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,235 Views
24 Pages

Assessment of Implementing Green Logistics Principles in Railway Transport: The Case of Lithuania

  • Kristina Čižiūnienė,
  • Jonas Matijošius,
  • Edgar Sokolovskij and
  • Justė Balevičiūtė

26 March 2024

Today, green transport is a growing trend in terms of transport costs, CO2 emissions and satisfaction with logistics services. Green logistics is an environmentally friendly and sustainable logistics system that encompasses activities affecting logis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
497 Views
16 Pages

Multi-Objective Optimization for Refined Oil Resource Allocation: Towards Energy and Carbon Saving

  • Jingjun Chen,
  • Bozhuo Dong,
  • Zhen Bao,
  • Guangtao Fu,
  • Jingkai Lu,
  • Zhengfang Qi,
  • Haochong Li and
  • Rui Qiu

20 November 2025

In light of the ambitious “dual carbon” targets, the refined oil supply chain faces challenges in balancing economic viability with environmental sustainability. Traditional resource allocation methods predominantly prioritize cost minimi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
5,424 Views
17 Pages

3 July 2020

The paper aims to investigate short sea shipping services as a competitive, sustainable freight transport system which is able to respond to economic, social and environmental needs. An assessment methodology is proposed which considers an aggregate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
9,332 Views
20 Pages

16 April 2021

Business to consumer e-commerce (B2C) has increased sharply in recent years driven by a growing online population and changes in consumer behavior. In metropolitan areas, the “Amazon effect” (online retailers’ vast selection, fast shipping, free retu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,108 Views
18 Pages

4 July 2022

For green and sustainable supply chains, transportation resilience is a critical issue. Car Sharing is an effective way to improve transportation resilience. The emerging car-sharing industry continues to attract a lot of investment, but few companie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,877 Views
16 Pages

Cost and Environmental Impacts of a Mixed Fleet of Vehicles

  • Justin Fraselle,
  • Sabine Louise Limbourg and
  • Laura Vidal

22 August 2021

Urban parcel delivery is increasingly restricted by regulations limiting access to certain heavy or high emitting vehicles to reduce emissions and noise pollution in cities. Cargo bikes represent an alternative solution that enables deliveries with l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,592 Views
9 Pages

The Epidemiology, Cost, and Occupational Context of Spinal Injuries Sustained While ‘Working for Income’ in NSW: A Record-Linkage Study

  • Lisa N. Sharwood,
  • Holger Mueller,
  • Rebecca Q. Ivers,
  • Bharat Vaikuntam,
  • Tim Driscoll and
  • James W. Middleton

This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, the occupational context, and the cost of hospitalised work-related traumatic spinal injuries, across New South Wales, Australia. A record-linkage study of hospitalised cases of work-r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,113 Views
14 Pages

10 February 2023

Progressive urban density affects city centers especially and results in growing congestion, lack of parking spaces, and increasing environmental costs of transportation, causing increased air pollutant emissions and noise. These phenomena reduce the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,712 Views
20 Pages

10 September 2021

Socio-technical systems have a very complex structure presenting multidimensional co-evolutionary dynamics between people and technical factors. Each urban area has a different sociocultural structure, where the built environment and user choices var...

  • Article
  • Open Access
295 Views
32 Pages

19 December 2025

Characterized by zero-carbon, congestion-free, and high-capacity features, the utilization of metro systems for collaborative passenger-and-freight transport (the metro-based underground logistics system, M-ULS) has been recognized as a favorable alt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
178 Citations
26,694 Views
28 Pages

Designing a Model for the Global Energy System—GENeSYS-MOD: An Application of the Open-Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS)

  • Konstantin Löffler,
  • Karlo Hainsch,
  • Thorsten Burandt,
  • Pao-Yu Oei,
  • Claudia Kemfert and
  • Christian Von Hirschhausen

22 September 2017

This paper develops a path for the global energy system up to 2050, presenting a new application of the open-source energy modeling system (OSeMOSYS) to the community. It allows quite disaggregate energy and emission analysis: Global Energy System Mo...

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