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  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
4,605 Views
13 Pages

27 June 2019

The performance of alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste using activators of strong alkali components is affected by the type, composition, and dosage of the alkaline activators. Promoting the reaction of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) by a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,975 Views
21 Pages

Influence of Silica Modulus and Curing Temperature on the Strength of Alkali-Activated Volcanic Ash and Limestone Powder Mortar

  • Adeshina Adewale Adewumi,
  • Mohd Azreen Mohd Ariffin,
  • Mohammed Maslehuddin,
  • Moruf Olalekan Yusuf,
  • Mohammad Ismail and
  • Khaled A. Alawi Al-Sodani

10 September 2021

This present study evaluates the effect of silica modulus (Ms) and curing temperature on strengths and the microstructures of binary blended alkali-activated volcanic ash and limestone powder mortar. Mortar samples were prepared using mass ratio of c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,632 Views
14 Pages

20 January 2024

In this study, a nanofluid composed of molten solar salt (MSS) and 1.0% SiO2 nanoparticles by mass was created and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine its specific heat capacity (SHC). The SHC of the nanofluid was foun...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,572 Views
12 Pages

11 July 2023

The increased use of silica and silicon-containing nanoparticles (Si-NP) in agricultural applications has stimulated interest in determining their potential migration in the environment and their uptake by living organisms. Understanding the fate and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,969 Views
13 Pages

11 July 2023

A hybrid process of slag and solvent refining was used to remove boron and phosphorus from silicon. Quaternary slag of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O was employed to remove boron (B) and phosphorus (P) from Si-20 wt% Fe alloy at 1300 °C. A slag-to-metal rat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,563 Views
22 Pages

Long-Term Strength Evolution in Ambient-Cured Solid-Activator Geopolymer Compositions

  • Vincent Wong,
  • William Jervis,
  • Benjamin Fishburn,
  • Takafumi Numata,
  • William Joe,
  • Aditya Rawal,
  • Charles Christopher Sorrell and
  • Pramod Koshy

30 January 2021

The major downsides of cement manufacturing are the high CO2 emissions and high energy usage. Geopolymers, which are fabricated by activation of blends of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) using an alkaline activator, offe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
247 Views
17 Pages

29 January 2026

Cemented tailings backfill (CTB) is widely used in mining operations due to its operational simplicity, reliable performance, and environmental benefits. However, the poor consolidation of fine tailings with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) remains a c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,311 Views
17 Pages

Geochemistry and Zircon U–Pb Chronology of Jinchanshan Gold-Hosted Granitoids, Inner Mongolia: Implications for Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution

  • Yujiao Shi,
  • Jianchao Wang,
  • Qian Liao,
  • Wenguang Wei,
  • Qiming Zhou,
  • Yanping Tang,
  • Yi Tian,
  • Jiacai Li,
  • Saleh Ibrahim Bute and
  • Yigan Lu

22 October 2024

Jinchanshan is a medium-sized, granitoid-hosted gold deposit located in the Kalaqin area of Inner Mongolia. Mineralization predominantly occurs in the contact zone between biotite granites and quartz porphyry rocks, associated with the Jinchanshan mi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,811 Views
16 Pages

7 February 2022

This study proposes the use of a non-destructive testing technique, based on piezoelectric bender element tests, to determine the initial and final setting times of metakaolin geopolymer pastes. (1) Background: Metakaolin geopolymer is a new eco-frie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,336 Views
18 Pages

Extraction of Alumina and Alumina-Based Cermets from Iron-Lean Red Muds Using Carbothermic Reduction of Silica and Iron Oxides

  • Rita Khanna,
  • Dmitry Zinoveev,
  • Yuri Konyukhov,
  • Kejiang Li,
  • Nikita Maslennikov,
  • Igor Burmistrov,
  • Jumat Kargin,
  • Maksim Kravchenko and
  • Partha Sarathy Mukherjee

26 July 2025

A novel strategy has been developed for extracting value-added resources from iron-lean, high-alumina- and -silica-containing red muds (RMs). With little or no recycling, such RMs are generally destined for waste dumps. Detailed results are presented...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,594 Views
22 Pages

20 January 2022

Two types of alkali-activated material (AAM) concretes were exposed to various sulphate bearing-solutions for over two years. Physical changes to the concrete specimen and chemical changes in the exposure liquid were studied in an attempt to understa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,952 Views
27 Pages

23 June 2024

This paper presents a detailed study including LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, geochemical, zircon Hf isotope, and whole rock Sr-Nd isotope analysis of magmatic rocks from the Yitong County, Jilin Province, NE China. These data are used to better const...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,523 Views
19 Pages

28 September 2019

The Kengdenongshe Au–Ag–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered large-scale polymetallic deposit in the southeastern section of the East Kunlun Orogen (EKO), contains an Au resource of 40 t, Ag resource of 690 t and Pb–...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,325 Views
23 Pages

Geology, Pyrite Geochemistry and Metallogenic Mechanism of the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton

  • Zhichao Zhang,
  • Yuwang Wang,
  • Jiyu He,
  • Dedong Li,
  • Haicheng Qiu,
  • Fuxing Liu and
  • Chunkit Lai

30 November 2022

The Wulong deposit is a large gold deposit in the Liaodong peninsula (North China Craton). Silicic and pyrite alterations are well-developed in the deposit and closely related to mineralization. The least altered and silicified microdiorite samples w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,510 Views
23 Pages

3 October 2019

The Daocheng batholith consists of granite, granodiorite and K-feldspar megacrystic granite, which is located in the north Yidun Arc. It is a barren batholith in contrast to plutons of the same age that contain major copper deposits, such as Pulang t...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,407 Views
26 Pages

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous High Ba-Sr Granitoids in the Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Insights into Regional Tectonic Transition

  • Zhongliang Wang,
  • Rongxin Zhao,
  • Tong Ye,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Mingchao Wu,
  • Xuan Wang,
  • Rifeng Zhang,
  • Mingyun Li,
  • Yabo Liu and
  • Jiahao Qiao

11 January 2023

Element geochemistry, Sr and Nd isotope, and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope data have been obtained for the granitoids of Dazesan pluton in the Jiaodong Peninsula, East China, and their intermediate microgranular dark enclaves so as to reveal their pe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,357 Views
21 Pages

29 January 2024

The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), located in southern Poland, is the major coal basin in Poland, and all technological types of hard coal, including coking coal, are exploited. It is also an area of high potential for coal-bed methane (CBM). Desp...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,396 Views
14 Pages

Metallogenic Epoch and Tectonic Setting of Saima Niobium Deposit in Fengcheng, Liaoning Province, NE China

  • Nan Ju,
  • Yun-Sheng Ren,
  • Sen Zhang,
  • Zhong-Wei Bi,
  • Lei Shi,
  • Di Zhang,
  • Qing-Qing Shang,
  • Qun Yang,
  • Zhi-Gao Wang and
  • Tong Wu
  • + 2 authors

29 January 2019

The Saima deposit is a newly discovered niobium deposit which is located in the eastern of Liaoning Province, NE China. Its mineralization age and geochemical characteristics are firstly reported in this study. The Nb orebodies are hosted by the grey...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,413 Views
12 Pages

15 May 2025

This study investigates the mineralogical, chemical, and fusibility characteristics of feldspar samples collected from eight pegmatitic bodies in central Portugal. The primary aim was to evaluate their suitability for use in ceramic applications, dri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,354 Views
17 Pages

30 June 2024

This study investigates how different sodium silicate SiO2/Na2O MS ratios (0.75, 0.9, and 1.2) affect the hydration behavior of amorphous wollastonitic hydraulic (AWH) binders containing various amounts of Al2O3 content (4, 7, 10, and 12%wt). The eff...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,648 Views
23 Pages

15 December 2020

Geological, geochemical and ground magnetic techniques are used to characterize the University alkaline-gabbroid pluton and crosscutting N-S trending alkaline dikes, located northeast of the Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, Siberia. Trace element concentration...

  • Article
  • Open Access
296 Views
30 Pages

27 January 2026

Recent discoveries of fluorite–barite deposits in the Donghai–Linshu area in northern Jiangsu Province, China, underscore the region’s mineral potential, yet detailed geological investigations remain limited. In this study, we exami...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,012 Views
19 Pages

12 November 2020

Slags from the historic metallurgy of Zn-Pb ores are known for unique chemical and phase compositions. The oxides, silicates, aluminosilicates, and amorphous phases present therein often contain in the structure elements that are rare in natural cond...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,626 Views
18 Pages

31 May 2022

The Weishan REE deposit is located in the southwest of the Luxi Terrane of the North China Craton (NCC), where a large number of lamprophyre dikes are spatially exposed with the deposit. Here, we report petrology, geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,973 Views
15 Pages

14 September 2022

The paleo-environmental setting of an organic-rich shale remains an essential controlling factor for shale reservoir distribution. The scarcity of generalised data on paleo-environment settings has been spurred using a simple investigative approach t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
1,544 Views
16 Pages

Investigation of Cotton Stalk-Derived Hydrothermal Bio-Oil: Effects of Mineral Acid/Base and Oxide Additions

  • Libo Zhang,
  • Jianing Wang,
  • Hui Ming,
  • Hanjun Hu,
  • Xintong Dou,
  • Yepeng Xiao,
  • Lihua Cheng and
  • Zhun Hu

27 September 2024

Hydrothermal liquefaction technology (HTL) is a promising thermochemical method to convert biomass into novel liquid fuels. The introduction of oxides and inorganic acids/bases during the hydrothermal process significantly impacts the yield and compo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,243 Views
20 Pages

17 August 2024

The Uhelchulu quartz diorite-granodiorite intrusions in Xiwuqi, Inner Mongolia, are exposed along the northwestern margin of the Xilinhot microcontinental block, located within the central and eastern parts of the southeastern Hegenshan suture zone....

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
3,462 Views
16 Pages

A Novel Bioactive Glass Containing Therapeutic Ions with Enhanced Biocompatibility

  • Rachele Sergi,
  • Devis Bellucci,
  • Roberta Salvatori,
  • Alexandre Anesi and
  • Valeria Cannillo

15 October 2020

A novel bioactive glass containing therapeutic ions with enhanced biocompatibility was designed and produced by the classical melt-quenching route. Starting from a very promising composition (Bio_MS), which combined bioactivity and high crystallizati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,586 Views
21 Pages

Effect of Coir Fiber Reinforcement on Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Composite

  • Olugbenga Ayeni,
  • Assia Aboubakar Mahamat,
  • Numfor Linda Bih,
  • Tido Tiwa Stanislas,
  • Ibrahim Isah,
  • Holmer Savastano Junior,
  • Emmanuel Boakye and
  • Azikiwe Peter Onwualu

28 May 2022

This study explored the use of coir fibers extracted from coconut husks, an agro-waste material that constitutes sanitation and environmental pollution problems, as a reinforcing element in the production of metakaolin-based geopolymer composites wit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
87 Citations
5,944 Views
14 Pages

Rheological Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill with Alkali-Activated Slag

  • Yunpeng Kou,
  • Haiqiang Jiang,
  • Lei Ren,
  • Erol Yilmaz and
  • Yuanhui Li

22 March 2020

This study investigates the time-dependent rheological behavior of cemented paste backfill (CPB) that contains alkali-activated slag (AAS) as a binder. Rheological measurements with the controlled shear strain method have been conducted on various AA...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,374 Views
19 Pages

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous High-Mg Adakitic Pluton in the North Lhasa Block, Tibet Plateau: Implications for the Tethyan Orogeny

  • Qian-Ru Xiao,
  • Yong-Feng Wei,
  • Zhong-Yuan Liu,
  • Fu-Hao Xiong,
  • Lei Fan,
  • Jian-Xin Wu and
  • Han Zhao

7 February 2022

Late Mesozoic igneous rocks from the north Lhasa block record the Neo-Tethyan orogeny in the southern Tibet Plateau. This study presents geochronological and geochemical data of Bieruozecuo quartz diorite pluton in the northern margin of the Lhasa bl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
373 Views
18 Pages

Calcium Effect in PLR–PCR Geopolymers: Peak Compressive Strength at 30% PCR and Evidence of C-A-S-H/N-A-S-H Synergy

  • Oscar Graos-Alva,
  • Aldo Castillo-Chung,
  • Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Soto,
  • Carlos Vásquez-Boyer and
  • Alexander Vega-Anticona

5 February 2026

Valorizing construction and demolition waste (CDW) via alkaline activation enables low-carbon binders. This study assesses binary geopolymers formulated with recycled brick powder (PLR) and recycled concrete powder (PCR) in seven precursor ratios (0&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
188 Views
14 Pages

27 February 2026

This study examined the geopolymerization behavior of granite waste powder and reactive silica powder (GWS), utilizing granite waste powder as a sustainable precursor material, to develop an environmentally friendly substitute for Ordinary Portland c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
2,908 Views
15 Pages

26 April 2021

Due to its high activation efficiency, waterglass has been widely used for alkali activations in geopolymer. In this study, the n(SiO2)/n(Na2O) (Ms) of waterglass was selected as the variable to investigate the role of the silicate structure on the m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,619 Views
25 Pages

Geological, Geochronological, and Geochemical Insights into the Formation of the Giant Pulang Porphyry Cu (–Mo–Au) Deposit in Northwestern Yunnan Province, SW China

  • Qun Yang,
  • Yun-Sheng Ren,
  • Sheng-Bo Chen,
  • Guo-Liang Zhang,
  • Qing-Hong Zeng,
  • Yu-Jie Hao,
  • Jing-Mou Li,
  • Zhong-Jie Yang,
  • Xin-Hao Sun and
  • Zhen-Ming Sun

21 March 2019

The giant Pulang porphyry Cu (–Mo–Au) deposit in Northwestern Yunnan Province, China, is located in the southern part of the Triassic Yidun Arc. The Cu orebodies are mainly hosted in quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP) intruding quartz diorit...

  • Article
  • Open Access

2 March 2026

A vast suite of intermediate–felsic intrusive rocks, the Wulanwuzhuer intrusion, which intrude the Jinshuikou Group in the Qimantag area of the Eastern Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, has an unclear formation age and petrogenesis. In this p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,813 Views
27 Pages

26 October 2023

The Yuhaixi Mo(Cu) deposit is a new discovery in the eastern section of the Dananhu-Tousuquan island arc, Eastern Tianshan. However, the genesis of the Yuhaixi Mo(Cu) deposit is still not fully understood. The Yuhaixi intrusion is composed of monzoni...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,610 Views
21 Pages

Aggregate Evaluation and Geochemical Investigation of Limestone for Construction Industries in Pakistan: An Approach for Sustainable Economic Development

  • Asad Kamran,
  • Liaqat Ali,
  • Waqas Ahmed,
  • Sobia Zoreen,
  • Shah Jehan,
  • Hammad Tariq Janjuhah,
  • Charalampos Vasilatos and
  • George Kontakiotis

30 August 2022

The present study investigates the aggregate suitability and geochemical characteristics of limestone (LS) from the Samana Suk Formation, Pakistan, for the construction industry. With the advent of CPEC, the demand for construction materials has seen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,679 Views
28 Pages

11 March 2025

The Kongco area of Nima in the northern part of the Lhasa terrane has a suite of alkaline granitic porphyry dykes associated with Early Cretaceous granites and accompanied by Cu/Mo mineralization. LA-ICP-MS 206Pb/238U zircon geochronology performed o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,082 Views
17 Pages

Investigation of Pr3+ and Nd3+ Doping Effects on Sodium Gadolinium Silicate Ceramics as Fast Na+ Conductors

  • Abinaya Sivakumaran,
  • Shantel Butler,
  • Samuel Reid and
  • Venkataraman Thangadurai

27 September 2025

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with ceramic solid electrolytes offer a promising route to improve the energy density of conventional Na-ion batteries (SIBs). Silicate-based ceramics have recently gained attention for their favourable properties, inclu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,088 Views
34 Pages

26 April 2019

The recently discovered Dongbulage Mo-polymetallic deposit is located in the southern part of the Great Xing’an Range, northeast China. Mineralization is closely related to the emplacement of Middle–Late Jurassic granitoids. In order to u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,590 Views
20 Pages

Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Huangcha Pluton and Tectonic Significance

  • Shuping Cao,
  • Lun Li,
  • Chonghui Yang and
  • Yongqiang Yang

17 May 2024

The Zanhuang Complex is situated on the eastern margin of the Trans-North China Orogen, with the Huangcha Pluton being a constituent of this complex. To ascertain the nature of the approximately 2.5-billion-year-old Huangcha Pluton, crucial evidence...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,994 Views
23 Pages

16 March 2019

There is limited information available on the minerals and elements present in the Jurassic coals from Datong Coalfield. This paper investigates the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Middle Jurassic coals from the Tongjialiang Mine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
279 Views
21 Pages

Mechanism and Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Grout Under High Water-to-Solid Ratio: Steel Slag as a Calcareous Source

  • Lijuan He,
  • Yuhang Huang,
  • Jianhua Zhou,
  • Yi Wang,
  • Jingwei Yang,
  • Xuan Liu,
  • Shuping Wang and
  • Zhigang Zhang

21 January 2026

This study systematically examines the fluidity, setting time, mechanical properties, and microstructural evolution of metakaolin-based geopolymer grouting materials with a relatively high water-to-solid (W/S) ratio window. A four-factor, three-level...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,909 Views
30 Pages

10 October 2021

The Hongshan complex, located in the southern part of the Taihang Mountains in the central part of the North China Craton, consists of syenite stocks (including fine-grained biotite aegirine syenite, medium-grained aegirine gabbro syenite, coarse-gra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
897 Views
24 Pages

11 November 2025

The Jingbaoer Grassland Jade Mine situated approximately 20 km northwest of Mazongshan Town in Gansu Province, China, represents an important source of nephrite dating back to the pre-Qin period. In this study, 58 representative nephrite samples were...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,555 Views
16 Pages

12 March 2024

A method for the determination of trace levels of silicon from biological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed. The volatility of water-soluble silicon species, hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6), and sod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,770 Views
18 Pages

1 December 2024

This study uses a sample of pegmatite (LS-1) from the Longquanping deposit in Lushi County, Henan Province, to evaluate its potential as a valuable source of HPQ. This investigation uses various analytical techniques to assess the quality of quartz a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
976 Views
22 Pages

The Genesis and Geological Significance of the Chaluo Granite in Yidun Magmatic Arc, Western Sichuan, China: Constraints from the Zircon U-Pb Chronology, Elemental Geochemistry and S-Pb-Hf Isotope

  • Wenjing Yang,
  • Tianshe Cheng,
  • Xuebin Zhang,
  • Lijun Guo,
  • Xujiang Cheng,
  • Xingfang Duo,
  • Hangyu Fan,
  • Hongsheng Gao,
  • Lipeng Tu and
  • Weihong Dong
  • + 1 author

28 August 2025

The Chaluo granite is situated in the middle section of the Yidun magmatic arc in western Sichuan Province, China. It holds great significance for the study of the geological evolution of the Paleo-Neotethys tectonic belts. The Chaluo granite mainly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,909 Views
25 Pages

29 July 2025

The most important bauxite deposits in Türkiye are located in the Seydişehir (Konya) and Akseki (Antalya) regions, situated along the western Taurus Mountain, with a total reserve of approximately 44 million tons. Some of the bauxite deposi...

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