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102 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,929 Views
22 Pages

20 March 2024

In this paper, an adaptive and resilient consensus control mechanism for multi-robot systems under Byzantine attack, based on sliding mode control, is proposed. The primary aim of the article is to develop a finite-time consensus control strategy eve...

  • Review
  • Open Access
109 Citations
37,654 Views
50 Pages

Irrigation of World Agricultural Lands: Evolution through the Millennia

  • Andreas N. Angelakιs,
  • Daniele Zaccaria,
  • Jens Krasilnikoff,
  • Miquel Salgot,
  • Mohamed Bazza,
  • Paolo Roccaro,
  • Blanca Jimenez,
  • Arun Kumar,
  • Wang Yinghua and
  • Elias Fereres
  • + 3 authors

1 May 2020

Many agricultural production areas worldwide are characterized by high variability of water supply conditions, or simply lack of water, creating a dependence on irrigation since Neolithic times. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,879 Views
28 Pages

The unique art that was developed in Byzantine times is widely accepted as a precursor to the Renaissance and is still evident in monuments either from or influenced by the Byzantium. Visiting such a site is a unique experience due to the lavishly pa...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,987 Views
22 Pages

Water Quality Focusing on the Hellenic World: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

  • Andreas N. Angelakis,
  • Nicholas Dercas and
  • Vasileios A. Tzanakakis

11 June 2022

Water quality is a fundamental issue for the survival of a city, especially on dry land. In ancient times, water availability determined the location and size of villages and cities. Water supply and treatment methods were developed and perfected alo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,989 Views
28 Pages

22 May 2024

The aesthetic qualities of Byzantine Gospel Lectionaries in Middle Byzantine times, afforded by their material construction, fostered an intermedial relationship with the architectural interiors of the churches and chapels where they were used in sac...

  • Review
  • Open Access
47 Citations
21,945 Views
25 Pages

Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus Algorithms: A Survey

  • Weiyu Zhong,
  • Ce Yang,
  • Wei Liang,
  • Jiahong Cai,
  • Lin Chen,
  • Jing Liao and
  • Naixue Xiong

8 September 2023

The emergence of numerous consensus algorithms for distributed systems has resulted from the swift advancement of blockchain and its related technologies. Consensus algorithms play a key role in decentralized distributed systems, because all nodes in...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,403 Views
41 Pages

27 October 2023

The article examines a selection of hymns of potentially Byzantine origin in the eighth-to-tenth-century manuscripts of the New Tropologion, which was the hymnal of the Anastasis cathedral of Jerusalem and in churches that followed its rite. Such ado...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,190 Views
14 Pages

27 August 2018

This essay examines Byzantine military manuals created between the sixth to the tenth centuries for what they can reveal about Byzantine imperial attitudes toward the landscapes of war and those who inhabit them. Of foremost concern in these sources...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,652 Views
23 Pages

Mortars in the Archaeological Site of Hierapolis of Phrygia (Denizli, Turkey) from Imperial to Byzantine Age

  • Matteo Maria Niccolò Franceschini,
  • Sara Calandra,
  • Silvia Vettori,
  • Tommaso Ismaelli,
  • Giuseppe Scardozzi,
  • Maria Piera Caggia and
  • Emma Cantisani

11 November 2024

Hierapolis of Phrygia, an archaeological site in southwestern Turkey, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988. During archaeological campaigns, 71 mortar samples from public buildings were collected, dating from the Julio-Claudian to the Mid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,370 Views
26 Pages

Generalized Paxos Made Byzantine (and Less Complex)

  • Miguel Pires,
  • Srivatsan Ravi and
  • Rodrigo Rodrigues

17 September 2018

One of the most recent members of the Paxos family of protocols is Generalized Paxos. This variant of Paxos has the characteristic that it departs from the original specification of consensus, allowing for a weaker safety condition where different pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
316 Views
19 Pages

7 December 2025

Multi-robot systems are increasingly deployed in critical applications such as search and rescue, precision agriculture, and autonomous transportation. However, the presence of Byzantine robots—agents that intentionally transmit false or mislea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,721 Views
16 Pages

7 March 2023

The article presents the theological ideas and mystical–religious teachings of the Greek-Byzantine Church Fathers, which, at the same time, are philosophical because Byzantine theologians also reflected on human and their life, on the relations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,645 Views
25 Pages

A Multi-Sensor Stochastic Energy-Based Vibro-Localization Technique with Byzantine Sensor Elimination

  • Murat Ambarkutuk,
  • Sa’ed Alajlouni,
  • Pablo A. Tarazaga and
  • Paul E. Plassmann

21 November 2023

This paper presents an occupant localization technique that determines the location of individuals in indoor environments by analyzing the structural vibrations of the floor caused by their footsteps. Structural vibration waves are difficult to measu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
338 Views
23 Pages

19 December 2025

To address the state estimation and detection problem in the presence of noisy sensor observations, probing costs, and communication noise, we in this paper propose a soft actor-critic (SAC) deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for dynamically...

  • Article
  • Open Access
809 Views
15 Pages

27 October 2025

This paper examines the role of anti-Jewish sentiment in shaping the Byzantine Lectionary (BL) and its impact on the liturgical reception of Scripture. While previous scholarship has largely focused on positive interpretations within Byzantine hymnog...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
19,220 Views
41 Pages

19 June 2019

Although traditionally associated with Eastern Christianity, the practice of venerating icons became deeply rooted in the Catholic societies of the broad Adriatic region from the Late Middle Ages onwards and was an indispensable part of everyday popu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,284 Views
15 Pages

Federated learning (FL) is a highly promising collaborative machine learning method that preserves privacy by enabling model training on client nodes (e.g., mobile phones, Internet-of-Things devices) without sharing raw data. However, FL is vulnerabl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,517 Views
25 Pages

25 July 2022

Mission-oriented UAV networks operate in nonsecure, complex environments with time-varying network partitioning and node trustworthiness. UAV networks are thus essentially asynchronous distributed systems with the Byzantine General problem, whose ava...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,396 Views
13 Pages

20 November 2024

The legend of the old man Simeon, who received Jesus in his arms and was one of the Septuagint translators, is almost unknown in Western Christianity but is very popular today among Orthodox Christians. The version circulating in Orthodox churches is...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4,382 Views
15 Pages

A Review of Asynchronous Byzantine Consensus Protocols

  • Zhenyan Ji,
  • Xiao Zhang,
  • Jianghao Hu,
  • Yuan Lu and
  • Jiqiang Liu

11 December 2024

Blockchain technology can be used in the IoT to ensure the data privacy collected by sensors. In blockchain systems, consensus mechanisms are a key technology for maintaining data consistency and correctness. Among the various consensus protocols, as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,407 Views
12 Pages

Sicilian Byzantine Icons through the Use of Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques and Optical Spectroscopy: The Case of the Madonna dell’Elemosina

  • Francesco Armetta,
  • Gabriella Chirco,
  • Fabrizio Lo Celso,
  • Veronica Ciaramitaro,
  • Eugenio Caponetti,
  • Massimo Midiri,
  • Giuseppe Lo Re,
  • Vladimir Gaishun,
  • Dmitry Kovalenko and
  • Maria Luisa Saladino
  • + 2 authors

15 December 2021

The iconographic heritage is one of the treasures of Byzantine art that have enriched the south of Italy, and Sicily in particular, since the early 16th century. In this work, the investigations of a Sicilian Icon of Greek-Byzantine origin, the Madon...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,407 Views
16 Pages

19 July 2021

The degradation effects of artificial aging on the “true” pigment color of Byzantine iconography are thoroughly investigated in this work. For this purpose, a multi-material palette is fabricated, consisting of various popular egg-tempera pigments, w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,045 Views
18 Pages

A Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is a consensus algorithm deployed in a consortium blockchain that connects a group of related participants. This type of blockchain suits the implementation of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) infor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,936 Views
19 Pages

2 September 2022

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm where data are distributed among clients who collaboratively train a model in a computation process coordinated by a central server. By assigning a weight to each client based on the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,670 Views
15 Pages

A Blockchain-Enabled Distributed Advanced Metering Infrastructure Secure Communication (BC-AMI)

  • Nahida Islam,
  • Md. Sazzadur Rahman,
  • Imtiaz Mahmud,
  • Md. Nur Amin Sifat and
  • You-Ze Cho

20 July 2022

The world is facing an urgent need to provide secure communication and data access control in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) because conventional cryptographic key management and authentication protocols are at stake. The cryptography schemes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,223 Views
18 Pages

Improved GNSS Localization and Byzantine Detection in UAV Swarms

  • Shlomi Hacohen,
  • Oded Medina,
  • Tal Grinshpoun and
  • Nir Shvalb

17 December 2020

Many tasks performed by swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles require localization. In many cases, the sensors that take part in the localization process suffer from inherent measurement errors. This problem is amplified when disruptions are added, eith...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,460 Views
29 Pages

Colors and Brilliance in the Wall Mosaic Assemblage of the Rotunda in Thessaloniki: A Physicochemical Investigation of the Glass Tesserae

  • Maria Kyranoudi,
  • Lamprini Malletzidou,
  • Eleni Pavlidou,
  • George Vourlias and
  • Konstantinos Chrissafis

19 September 2025

The Rotunda in Thessaloniki, Greece, preserves in its interior a magnificent wall mosaic assemblage of unique inspiration and beauty. Thirty-six (36) glass tesserae, blue, green, yellow, brown, black, gold and silver in color, were examined for the f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
65 Citations
5,168 Views
17 Pages

13 July 2018

Multiscale consensus has been studied recently as a new concept in the field of multi-agent systems, which is able to accommodate many complicated coordination control tasks where values are measured in different scales due to, e.g., the constraints...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,303 Views
12 Pages

7 January 2022

In recent years, the use of consensus mechanism to maintain the security of blockchain system has become a considerable concern of the community. Delegated proof of stake (DPoS) and practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanisms are k...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,011 Views
16 Pages

1 November 2023

Based on the practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT), a grouped multilayer PBFT consensus algorithm (GM-PBFT) is proposed to be applied to digital asset transactions in view of the problems with excessive communication complexity and low...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,065 Views
11 Pages

Multianalytical Study of the Blue Pigments Usage in Serbian Iconography at the Beginning of the 18th-Century

  • Maja Gajić-Kvaščev,
  • Olivera Klisurić,
  • Velibor Andrić,
  • Stefano Ridolfi,
  • Una Galečić and
  • Daniela Korolija Crkvenjakov

4 July 2023

Traditional Serbian religious art originated in Byzantine culture and conserved Byzantine elements until modern times. However, since the end of the 17th century, many changes in traditional icon painting have been introduced. Previous studies focuse...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,925 Views
19 Pages

Optimization of PBFT Algorithm Based on QoS-Aware Trust Service Evaluation

  • Wei Liu,
  • Xuhao Zhang,
  • Wenlong Feng,
  • Mengxing Huang and
  • Yun Xu

17 June 2022

In service-transaction scenarios, blockchain technology is widely used as an effective tool for establishing trust between service providers and consumers. The consensus algorithm is the core technology of blockchain. However, existing consensus algo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,317 Views
11 Pages

Original Varnish Recipes in Post-Byzantine Painting Manuals

  • Georgios P. Mastrotheodoros and
  • Konstantinos G. Beltsios

17 October 2021

During the last decades, manuscripts have become increasingly available through digitization and deposition in online repositories. This trend has very much facilitated primary source research, as scholars are no longer subjected to time- and effort-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,051 Views
28 Pages

Reconstructing the Fluvial History of the Lilas River (Euboea Island, Central West Aegean Sea) from the Mycenaean Times to the Ottoman Period

  • Matthieu Ghilardi,
  • Tim Kinnaird,
  • Katerina Kouli,
  • Andrew Bicket,
  • Yannick Crest,
  • François Demory,
  • Doriane Delanghe,
  • Sylvian Fachard and
  • David Sanderson

This paper aims to reconstruct the alluvial activity for the Lilas river, the second-largest catchment of Euboea Island (Central Western Aegean Sea), for approximately the last three and a half millennia. The middle reaches (Gides basin) exhibit seve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,553 Views
20 Pages

Blockchain and IoT-Driven Optimized Consensus Mechanism for Electric Vehicle Scheduling at Charging Stations

  • Riya Kakkar,
  • Rajesh Gupta,
  • Smita Agrawal,
  • Sudeep Tanwar,
  • Ahmed Altameem,
  • Torki Altameem,
  • Ravi Sharma,
  • Florin-Emilian Turcanu and
  • Maria Simona Raboaca

7 October 2022

The emerging demand for electric vehicles in urban cities leads to the need to install a huge number of charging stations. With this requirement, electric vehicle coordination and scheduling at charging stations in real-time becomes highly tedious. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,384 Views
12 Pages

11 June 2025

This paper chronicles the evolution of the presbyterate of the Ruthenian Byzantine Metropolitan Catholic Church in the United States of America from the time of the first wave of immigrants to the United States to the present day. It looks at critica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,765 Views
19 Pages

7 July 2025

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) has been widely used in consortium blockchain systems; however, it suffers from performance degradation and susceptibility to Byzantine faults in complex environments. To overcome these limitations, this pap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,480 Views
29 Pages

Bounce: A High Performance Satellite-Based Blockchain System

  • Xiaoteng Liu,
  • Taegyun Kim and
  • Dennis E. Shasha

31 March 2025

Blockchains are designed to produce a secure, append-only sequence of transactions. Establishing transaction sequentiality is typically achieved by underlying consensus protocols that either prevent forks entirely (no-forking-ever) or make forks shor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,581 Views
18 Pages

FedEach: Federated Learning with Evaluator-Based Incentive Mechanism for Human Activity Recognition

  • Hyun Woo Lim,
  • Sean Yonathan Tanjung,
  • Ignatius Iwan,
  • Bernardo Nugroho Yahya and
  • Seok-Lyong Lee

12 June 2025

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized approach that aims to establish a global model by aggregating updates from diverse clients without sharing their local data. However, the approach becomes complicated when Byzantine clients join with arbitra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7,206 Views
23 Pages

16 December 2021

In traditional Christian artistic visualization, the episode of Hagar and Ishmael in the desert has given rise to various iconographic types: “The feast for the weaning of Isaac and Sara’s protests,” “Abraham bids farewell to...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,446 Views
11 Pages

Integrated GPR and ERT Surveys for the Investigation of the External Sectors of the Castle of Melfi (Potenza, Italy)

  • Giovanni Leucci,
  • Ilaria Miccoli,
  • Dora Francesca Barbolla,
  • Lara De Giorgi,
  • Ivan Ferrari,
  • Francesco Giuri and
  • Giuseppe Scardozzi

12 February 2023

The Castle of Melfi is placed on a hilltop overlooking the modern town and it includes many buildings that have been modified and expanded over time. Its Norman-era core was probably built between the end of the 11th and the start of the 12th century...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,926 Views
12 Pages

6 July 2022

In order to solve the problem that data of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is easily tampered with and therefore, the authenticity of data may be questioned, a data-privacy security mechanism of the IIoT based on blockchain is proposed. At t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,826 Views
16 Pages

Performance of PBFT Consensus under Voting by Groups

  • Vojislav B. Mišić,
  • Jelena Mišić and
  • Xiaolin Chang

26 April 2024

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is the protocol of choice for many applications that require distributed consensus between a number of participant nodes. While PBFT assumes a single voting committee, many applications recognize different g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,227 Views
17 Pages

19 May 2025

Federated learning (FL), as a distributed machine learning framework, enables multiple participants to jointly train models without sharing data, thereby ensuring data privacy and security. However, FL systems still struggle to escape the typical poi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,709 Views
25 Pages

Leadership Uniformity in Timeout-Based Quorum Byzantine Fault Tolerance (QBFT) Consensus

  • Andreas Polyvios Delladetsimas,
  • Stamatis Papangelou,
  • Elias Iosif and
  • George Giaglis

This study evaluates leadership uniformity—the degree to which the proposer role is evenly distributed among validator nodes over time—in Quorum-based Byzantine Fault Tolerance (QBFT), a Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,323 Views
35 Pages

6 February 2019

Determining the provenance of the stones used for ancient architectures is very important in order to reconstruct many social and economic questions linked to the life of a city. This paper integrates previous and new archaeometric data about marble...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,552 Views
15 Pages

30 August 2024

Secure distributed matrix multiplication (SDMM) schemes are crucial for distributed learning algorithms where extensive data computation is distributed across multiple servers. Inspired by the application of repairing Reed–Solomon (RS) codes in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,844 Views
36 Pages

Saint Mamas at Exeles: An Unusual Case of Ritual Piety on Karpathos

  • Angeliki Katsioti and
  • Nikolaos Mastrochristos

15 August 2023

The church of Saint Mamas is a small, domed structure that lies close to Menetes village in Karpathos. It preserves most of its painted decoration, consisting of the scene of the Ascension of Christ on the dome and saintly figures on the rest of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,586 Views
15 Pages

Towards Trustworthy Collaborative Editing

  • Mamdouh Babi and
  • Wenbing Zhao

Real-time collaborative editing applications are drastically different from typical client–server applications in that every participant has a copy of the shared document. In this type of environment, each participant acts as both a client and a serv...

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