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  • Article
  • Open Access

The Regress of Uncertainty and the Forecasting Paradox

  • Nassim Nicholas Taleb and
  • Pasquale Cirillo
Risks2025, 13(12), 247;https://doi.org/10.3390/risks13120247 
(registering DOI)

10 December 2025

We show that epistemic uncertainty–our iterated ignorance about our own ignorance–inevitably thickens statistical tails, even under perceived thin-tailed environments from past realizations. Any claim of precise risk carries a margin of e...

  • Article
  • Open Access

10 December 2025

This study employs a quantile-on-quantile connectedness approach to analyze the asymmetric, distribution-dependent, and time-varying spillovers between FinTech indices and traditional financial markets. The results show that spillovers are concentrat...

  • Article
  • Open Access

The Sovereign Risk Amplifies ESG Market Extremes: A Quantile-Based Factor Analysis

  • Oscar Walduin Orozco-Cerón,
  • Orlando Joaqui-Barandica and
  • Diego F. Manotas-Duque

10 December 2025

This study examines how sovereign risk shapes the financial performance of sustainable investments, using the MSCI Emerging Markets ESG Index as a reference. The analysis covers 24 emerging and frontier economies from Latin America, Asia, the Middle...

  • Article
  • Open Access

8 December 2025

Institutional investors exert significant influence on the operations and development of financial institutions, with different categories of investors playing distinct roles. We contend that institutional investor diversity may affect systemic finan...

  • Article
  • Open Access

8 December 2025

This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures on the firm valuation of non-financial firms listed in South Africa, using Tobin’s Q as a firm value proxy. Using a panel data approach of 642 firm-year o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
243 Views
22 Pages

Economic Analysis of Global Catastrophic Risks Under Uncertainty

  • Wei-Chun Tseng,
  • Chi-Chung Chen and
  • Tsung-Ling Hwang

5 December 2025

Background: Despite the apparent importance of global catastrophe risks (GCRs), human society has invested relatively little to reduce them. One possible reason is that we do not understand the significance of reducing GCRs, especially when measured...

  • Article
  • Open Access
159 Views
34 Pages

Machine Learning Analysis of Financial Risk Dynamics in Micro-, Small, and Medium Enterprises

  • Dražen Božović,
  • Nataša Perović,
  • Marinko Aleksić,
  • Ivana Rašović and
  • Oto Iker

5 December 2025

This study examines the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to classify financial risks in micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Montenegro and the wider Western Balkan region. The economies in this region share structural simi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
153 Views
15 Pages

5 December 2025

European Union legislation, particularly Council Directive 2004/113/EC, mandates gender neutrality in credit scoring to prevent discrimination. However, this creates a regulatory paradox if gender is a statistically relevant predictor of default risk...

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Risks - ISSN 2227-9091