The impact of the digital dividends from Internet development on urban and rural residents is influenced by the existing urban–rural dual structure, resulting in heterogeneous and time-varying impacts on urban–rural consumption inequality...
In periods of rapid urbanization, investment in urban infrastructure should not only meet the increasing demands of all urban people, but also be equally allocated between cities to achieve social equity and sustainable development. This paper aimed...
After the impact of the 2007 crisis and post-crisis austerity policies, cities are being reconfigured under the auspices of inequality. Social divides are widening, and there is a growing population of excluded and poor people. The urban and welfare...
Spatial inequality, spatial injustice, and spatial inequity are topics that have been of great interest for academics in various research fields. Among them, the uneven distribution and accessibility of urban public facilities (abbreviated as “...
Although much of the recent research has explored the relationship between domestic tourism and income inequality among regions, provinces, and cities, few studies have examined the impact of domestic tourism on income inequality between urban and ru...
Composite indicators are almost always determined by methods that aggregate a reasonable number of manifest variables that can be weighted—or not—as new synthesis variables. A problem arises when these aggregations and weightings do not c...
With the deepening of environmental governance, the overall environmental quality of the region has been improved. However, internal environmental inequality, especially urban–rural environmental inequality, has continued to come to the fore. N...
In a highly and rapidly urbanized world, the effect of the action of urban development is determinant for the physical, social, and economic conditions of its citizens, among which is inequality. It is even more crucial for developing regions such as...
Income inequality in China has become increasingly serious since the beginning of the economic reform period in the 1970s, with urban–rural income inequality playing a large role. Urbanization policy and monetary policy are currently important...
In many countries, the urban–rural income inequality affects healthy and sustainable economic development and is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. As a new industrial development model, rural industrial convergence can provide...
Reducing urban–rural income inequality is a central objective of sustainable development and a critical challenge for inclusive growth in emerging economies. This study examines the impact of the digital economy on urban–rural income ineq...
Income inequality and carbon emission are two critical challenges that need to be solved to achieve SDGs. Unfortunately, few studies have explored the effect of urban–rural income inequality (URII) on carbon emission performance (CEP) from a ho...
China is vulnerable to climate change. Developing the ability to assess social vulnerability and inequality amid climate change will be imperative to ensure that adjustment policies can be developed for various groups and build resilient livelihoods...
This research investigates environmental inequalities within Guangzhou’s Huangpu District against the backdrop of rapid urbanisation and industrial expansion in Asia. This study identifies environmental hotspots, particularly in socially vulner...
The current study argues that the capitalisation effect of urban public facilities on housing will be considerable when the accessibility or availability of facilities has a serious stake in the location or property rights of houses. The supply level...
Background: Health inequality is seen as a challenge for implementing the Healthy China Strategy. This study analyzes the income-related health inequality among urban–rural resident basic medical insurance (URRBMI) participants. Methods: This s...
Economic resilience is a critical indicator of the sustainable development of an urban economy. This paper measures the urban economic resilience (UER) of 286 major cities in China from six indicators—economic growth, opening up, social develop...
This study was motivated by the profound disparity of farmers’ income in northern Thailand. We aimed to investigate the inequalities in the distribution of estimated income among urban farmers in the Mueang district area of Nan province using the Lor...
Persistent regional imbalances and widening urban–rural income gaps hinder progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 10 (Reduced Inequalities). In response, China has implemented a typical regional cooperation program—East–West C...
Urban displacement—when a household is forced to relocate due to conditions affecting its home or surroundings—often results from rising housing costs, particularly in wealthy, prosperous cities. However, its dynamics are complex and ofte...
Resettlement has become inevitable and necessary for urban market redevelopment to be implemented in developing countries, yet it impacts the livelihoods of the displaced population. In Ghana, studies have contributed significantly to the social proc...
Urban green spaces (UGSs) play a significant role in promoting public health by facilitating outdoor activities, but issues of spatial and socioeconomic inequality within UGSs have drawn increasing attention. However, current methods for assessing UG...
This study investigates how housing prices influence urban–rural income inequality (URG) in mainland China by explicitly incorporating spatial interdependence and nonlinear adjustment mechanisms, features often neglected in previous research. U...
4 March 2023
Global material consumption needs to be reduced to be within its planetary boundary. Urbanization and human inequality are two profound economic-social phenomena, which have potential impacts on material consumption. This paper aims to empirically ex...
The level of world urbanization has crossed the 50% mark, and nearly all future population growth is projected to occur in cities. Cities are disproportionately wealthy, but are associated with poverty, too. Addressing the dual challenges of urbaniza...
This paper explores the impact of urbanization on income inequality in Vietnam, using the regression estimation method with panel data including Driscoll and Kraay, and Pooled Mean Group. The research data cover 63 provinces in Vietnam from 2006 to 2...
31 October 2022
Attention to physical and mental health is becoming more intensive. In China, factors and mechanisms are now a focus of research. We used dynamic air quality monitoring data and the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to assess the spatial differenc...
Exposure to PM2.5 poses severe risks to public health and sustainable development, with exposure inequalities exacerbated by variations in atmospheric activity and uneven regional development. However, the urban-rural inequalities and natural-human d...
There is much discussion regarding the Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) capacity to promote inclusive development. While some argue that they represent an opportunity for goal-led alignment of stakeholders and evidence-based decision-makin...
Background and Objectives: Reduction in health inequalities is a highly important task in public health policies worldwide. In Lithuania, inequalities in mortality by place of residence are among the greatest, compared to other European Union (EU) co...
Residential segregation refers to the spatial separation between two or more social groups in urban areas. Originating from scholars of the Chicago School, this topic has since consolidated over time within the fields of urban and sociological studie...
Nowadays, urban sprawl, urban densification, housing shortages, and land scarcity are some problems that intervene in the practice of urban planning. Those specific problems are currently more than ever emergent because they imply the notion of spati...
22 January 2021
Exposure to heat is a growing public health concern as climate change accelerates worldwide. Different socioeconomic and racial groups often face unequal exposure to heat as well as increased heat-related sickness, mortality, and energy costs. We pro...
In the context of Latin American urbanization, Mexico’s five largest metropolitan areas—Tijuana, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla-Tlaxcala, and León—exhibit sprawling growth patterns characterized by low-density expansion, peri...
12 March 2016
Recent studies have suggested that some disadvantaged socio-demographic groups face serious environmental-related inequities in Hong Kong due to the rising ambient urban temperatures. Identifying heat-vulnerable groups and locating areas of Surface U...
22 July 2021
(1) Background: We aim to measure the urban-rural inequality of opportunity in healthcare in China based on the theory of Equality of Opportunity (EOp). (2) Methods: Following the compensation principle, we establish a decomposition strategy for the...
24 July 2025
Africa’s rapid urbanization often exceeds the capacity of governments to provide essential services and infrastructure, exacerbating structural inequalities and exposing vulnerable populations to serious health risks. This paper examines the ca...
13 July 2016
Spatial differences in urban environmental conditions contribute to health inequalities within cities. The purpose of the paper is to map environmental inequalities relevant for health in the City of Dortmund, Germany, in order to identify needs for...
Healthcare access in Latin America is highly unequal, with rural and peri-urban populations disproportionately excluded from essential and specialized services. To address the persistent gaps often obscured by conventional urban–rural classific...
This study examines the impact of housing price increases on income inequality using the dynamic system GMM for OECD countries (2010–2021). We test the hypothesis that housing price appreciation affects income distribution differently based on...
20 August 2021
Objective: To analyse the trends in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality, and the associated socioeconomic inequalities, in nine European cities and urban areas before and after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis. Methods: This is an ec...
30 January 2021
Background: The objective of this paper is to analyze social inequalities in COVID-19 incidence, stratified by age, sex, geographical area, and income in Barcelona during the first two waves of the pandemic. Methods: We collected data on COVID-19 cas...
Most studies examining the relationship between domestic tourism and urban-rural income inequality have found a positive correlation. However, the causal link between them is difficult to establish due to many potential sources of endogeneity. By inc...
Inequality is a problem facing the world community, especially in developing countries, that affects urban transport and vice versa. Which possible urban transportation mode will cause the least inequality? This is a vital question. The development o...
The economic inequalities impede the equal distribution of water among various household groups, potentially leading to inequal access to this vital resource. By integrating a multi-regional input–output model with household expenditure, we inv...
Using a multilevel modelling approach, this study investigates the impact of urban inequalities on changes to rail ridership across Chicago’s “L” stations during the pandemic, the mass vaccination rollout, and the full reopening of...
30 September 2025
Stigmatized views of emotionality form within familial, cultural, and societal contexts and serve as a mechanism impacting youth mental health and substance misuse with notable ties to health equity. Yet critical questions remain regarding the impact...
Comprehending the spatial–temporal transformation of urban resilience (UR) is fundamental for promoting sustainable urban growth in the Chinese context. In this study, a multi-dimensional index framework is developed to cover economic, social,...
The intersection of energy, environment, and industry presents distinct challenges and opportunities in rural and urban settings, highlighting disparities in access, impact, and policy effectiveness. This paper examines the systemic inequities betwee...
4 August 2016
Research suggests that there is a relationship between the health of urban populations and the availability of green and water spaces in their daily environment. In this paper, we analyze the potential intra-urban relationships between children’s hea...
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