Examining Social Vulnerability and Inequality: A Joint Analysis through a Connectivity Lens in the Urban Agglomerations of China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review: Social Vulnerability and Inequality
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Profile of Study Area
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. SVI of Individual Cities
3.2.2. SVI of Cities in Urban Networks
3.2.3. Inequality Analysis
4. Results
4.1. SVI Indicators and Their Inequaities
4.2. Connectivity Structure and Inequalities
4.3. SVI and Inequalities
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Dimension of Inequality | Dimension of SVI | Indicator | Description | Impact on SVI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Health inequality | Sensitivity | Children | Percentage population under 14 years old | + |
2 | Sensitivity | Elderly | Percentage population over 65 years old | + | |
3 | Sensitivity | Females | Percentage of female resident population | + | |
4 | Cultural inequality | Sensitivity | Ethnic minorities | Percentage of minority population | + |
5 | Sensitivity | Illiterate | Percentage illiteracy rate | + | |
6 | Economic inequality | Sensitivity | Unemployed | Percentage unemployment population | + |
7 | Sensitivity | Poor | Percentage of residents covered by subsistence allowances from the government | + | |
8 | Exposure | House with no tap water | Percentage of households without tap water in their houses | + | |
9 | Exposure | House with no kitchen | Percentage of households without a kitchen in their houses | + | |
10 | Exposure | House with no lavatory | Percentage of households without a lavatory in their houses | + | |
11 | Adaptability | GDP | Gross domestic product | − | |
12 | Social inequality | Sensitivity | Renters | Percentage of households that live in rented houses | + |
13 | Adaptability | Higher education graduated | Percentage of population with a college degree | − | |
14 | Adaptability | Green | The greening rate in cities | − | |
15 | Adaptability | Hospitals | Number of Hospitals | − | |
16 | Adaptability | Employees in management sector | Percentage employed in management sector | − |
No. | Indicator | Weight | % |
---|---|---|---|
1 | GDP | 0.42 | 11.84% |
2 | Higher education graduated | 0.34 | 9.71% |
3 | Children | 0.33 | 9.22% |
4 | Illiterate | 0.31 | 8.70% |
5 | Employees in management sector | 0.3 | 8.43% |
6 | Elderly | 0.28 | 7.87% |
7 | Poor | 0.26 | 7.37% |
8 | Houses with no lavatory | 0.26 | 7.39% |
9 | Green | 0.26 | 7.24% |
10 | Females | 0.22 | 6.31% |
11 | Houses with no tap water | 0.22 | 6.21% |
12 | Ethnic minorities | 0.14 | 3.90% |
13 | Houses with no kitchen | 0.1 | 2.72% |
14 | Unemployed | 0.05 | 1.32% |
15 | Hospital | 0.04 | 1.17% |
16 | Renters | 0.02 | 0.60% |
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | Level 5 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JJJ | SVInode | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
SVIurban | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 0 | |
YRD | SVInode | 1 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 0 |
SVIurban | 5 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
PRD | SVInode | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
SVIurban | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
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Ge, Y.; Yang, G.; Chen, Y.; Dou, W. Examining Social Vulnerability and Inequality: A Joint Analysis through a Connectivity Lens in the Urban Agglomerations of China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041042
Ge Y, Yang G, Chen Y, Dou W. Examining Social Vulnerability and Inequality: A Joint Analysis through a Connectivity Lens in the Urban Agglomerations of China. Sustainability. 2019; 11(4):1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041042
Chicago/Turabian StyleGe, Yi, Guangfei Yang, Yi Chen, and Wen Dou. 2019. "Examining Social Vulnerability and Inequality: A Joint Analysis through a Connectivity Lens in the Urban Agglomerations of China" Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041042
APA StyleGe, Y., Yang, G., Chen, Y., & Dou, W. (2019). Examining Social Vulnerability and Inequality: A Joint Analysis through a Connectivity Lens in the Urban Agglomerations of China. Sustainability, 11(4), 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041042