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210 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,478 Views
18 Pages

Artificial Neural Network-Based Route Optimization of a Wind-Assisted Ship

  • Cem Guzelbulut,
  • Timoteo Badalotti,
  • Yasuaki Fujita,
  • Tomohiro Sugimoto and
  • Katsuyuki Suzuki

14 September 2024

The International Maritime Organization aims for net-zero carbon emissions in the maritime industry by 2050. Among various alternatives, route optimization holds an important place as it does not require any additional component-related costs. Especi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,175 Views
15 Pages

Weather Route Optimization Method of Unmanned Ship Based on Continuous Dynamic Optimal Control

  • Xiaoyuan Wang,
  • Xinyue Zhao,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Quanzheng Wang and
  • Kai Feng

14 February 2022

Intelligent weather route optimization method was an essential guarantee for safe and efficient navigation of ships. In traditional methods, the multi-stage decision-making method was generally used to solve route dynamic optimization problems, in wh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
757 Views
26 Pages

Multi-vessel formation shipping demonstrates significant potential for enhancing maritime transportation efficiency and economy. However, existing route planning systems inadequately address the unique challenges of formations, where traditional meth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,636 Views
21 Pages

29 November 2022

As one of the ship energy efficiency optimization measures with the most energy saving and emission reduction potential, ship speed optimization has been recommended by the International Maritime Organization. In ship speed optimization, considering...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,523 Views
18 Pages

5 December 2024

The continuously intensified pursuit to reduce emissions related to human activity and the increased competition in maritime sector calls for sustainable and well-planned solutions to conform with environmental constraints and maximize profit, respec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
5,689 Views
19 Pages

13 November 2019

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) proposed to reduce the total CO2 emissions of the maritime sector by 50% by 2050, and strive to gradually achieve the zero-carbon target. Therefore, shipping companies need to consider environmental impac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,807 Views
19 Pages

5 March 2025

To address the challenges of carbon emission reduction in the global shipping industry and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) rating, this paper takes China’s commuter ship...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,128 Views
21 Pages

Emission Abatement Technology Selection, Routing and Speed Optimization of Hybrid Ships

  • Antti Ritari,
  • Kirsi Spoof-Tuomi,
  • Janne Huotari,
  • Seppo Niemi and
  • Kari Tammi

This paper evaluates the effect of a large-capacity electrical energy storage, e.g., Li-ion battery, on optimal sailing routes, speeds, fuel choice, and emission abatement technology selection. Despite rapid cost reduction and performance improvement...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,442 Views
34 Pages

10 February 2025

Ports and their affiliated shipping routes are fundamental to the maritime logistics system, crucial for global trade. However, they face risks from natural disasters and human-induced crises. Enhancing port resilience, the ability to quickly recover...

  • Article
  • Open Access
452 Views
37 Pages

Optimal Ship Pipe Route Design: A MOA*-Based Software Approach

  • Zongran Dong,
  • Kai Li,
  • Heng Chen and
  • Chenghao Sun

13 November 2025

For the ship pipe routing design (SPRD) problem, previous studies have mainly employed bio-inspired algorithms such as multi-objective ant colony optimization (MOACO), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), and multi-objective particle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,837 Views
22 Pages

Tramp Ship Routing and Scheduling with Integrated Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) Optimization

  • Haiying Yang,
  • Feiyang Ren,
  • Jingbo Yin,
  • Siqi Wang and
  • Rafi Ullah Khan

In response to growing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures, reducing carbon emissions in maritime transport has become a priority. Shipping companies face the challenge of balancing profitability objectives with the imperative to minimize...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,356 Views
20 Pages

Effective route and speed decision-making can significantly reduce vessel operating costs and emissions. However, existing optimization methods developed for conventional fuel-powered vessels are inadequate for application to methanol dual-fuel ships...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,929 Views
40 Pages

Smart Routing for Sustainable Shipping: A Review of Trajectory Optimization Approaches in Waterborne Transport

  • Yevgeniy Kalinichenko,
  • Sergey Rudenko,
  • Andrii Holovan,
  • Nadiia Vasalatii,
  • Anastasiia Zaiets,
  • Oleksandr Koliesnik,
  • Leonid Oberto Santana and
  • Nataliia Dolynska

21 September 2025

Smart routing has emerged as a critical enabler of sustainable shipping, addressing the growing demand for energy-efficient, safe, and adaptive vessel navigation in both maritime and inland waterborne transport. This review examines the current lands...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,224 Views
24 Pages

8 November 2019

To comply with the regulations of emission control areas (ECAs), most operators have to switch to low-sulfur fuels inside the ECAs. Besides, a low-carbon objective is essential for long-term environmental protection; thus, is regarded as important as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
7,584 Views
21 Pages

With the continuous prosperity and development of the shipping industry, it is necessary and meaningful to plan a safe, green, and efficient route for ships sailing far away. In this study, a hybrid multicriteria ship route planning method based on i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,661 Views
30 Pages

As the IMO and the EU strengthen carbon emission regulations, eco-friendly voyage planning is increasingly recognized by ship owners as one of the most important performance factors of the vessel fleet. The eco-friendly voyage planning aims to reduce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,640 Views
34 Pages

Ship Typhoon Avoidance Route Planning Method Under Uncertain Typhoon Forecasts

  • Zhengwei He,
  • Junhong Guo,
  • Weihao Ma and
  • Jinfeng Zhang

Formulating effective typhoon avoidance routes is crucial for ensuring the safe navigation of ocean-going vessels. From a maritime safety perspective, this paper investigates ship route optimization under typhoon forecast uncertainty. Initially, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,920 Views
20 Pages

27 February 2025

Maritime regulators are closely monitoring the progression of green shipping, and liner companies are seeking strategies to meet tough ship emission rules. To reduce the operating cost while conforming to the increasingly strict environmental regulat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,899 Views
22 Pages

Trajectory Planning of a Mother Ship Considering Seakeeping Indices to Enhance Launch and Recovery Operations of Autonomous Drones

  • Salvatore Rosario Bassolillo,
  • Egidio D’Amato,
  • Salvatore Iacono,
  • Silvia Pennino and
  • Antonio Scamardella

23 September 2024

This research focuses on integrating seakeeping indices into the trajectory planning of a mother ship in order to minimize risks during UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) takeoff and landing in challenging sea conditions. By considering vessel dynamics an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,161 Views
13 Pages

Due to the intensification of economic globalization and the impact of global warming, the development of methods to reduce shipping costs and reduce carbon emissions has become crucial. In this study, a multi-objective optimization algorithm was des...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,355 Views
13 Pages

Multi-objective optimization of a vessel route is considered of key importance when creating automatic navigation systems to ensure independent navigation in ice conditions. This is explained by the need to take into account not only the time or fuel...

  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
7,250 Views
35 Pages

A Review on Motion Prediction for Intelligent Ship Navigation

  • Daiyong Zhang,
  • Xiumin Chu,
  • Chenguang Liu,
  • Zhibo He,
  • Pulin Zhang and
  • Wenxiang Wu

In recent years, as intelligent ship-navigation technology has advanced, the challenge of accurately modeling and predicting the dynamic environment and motion status of ships has emerged as a prominent area of research. In response to the diverse ti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,553 Views
16 Pages

AIS-Enabled Weather Routing for Cargo Loss Prevention

  • Kalliopi Spyrou-Sioula,
  • Ioannis Kontopoulos,
  • Dimitrios Kaklis,
  • Antonios Makris,
  • Konstantinos Tserpes,
  • Pavlos Eirinakis and
  • Fotis Oikonomou

15 November 2022

The operation of any vessel includes risks, such as mechanical failure, collision, property loss, cargo loss, or damage. For modern container ships, safe navigation is challenging as the rate of innovation regarding design, speed profiles, and carryi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,954 Views
25 Pages

9 November 2022

Cargo (laden container) routing and empty container repositioning are crucial components in liner shipping, which are closely relevant. However, most existing works focus on cargo routing and empty container repositioning separately, which cannot opt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,080 Views
22 Pages

The upcoming autonomous vessel voyage is promising future in the maritime sector. However, so far, the contemporary route decision making technologies rely on human intervention. Therefore, this manuscript proposes the two newly developed speed algor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,074 Views
20 Pages

6 July 2024

The paper proposes an innovative adaptation of the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), intended for multi-objective optimisation of a ship’s route in a non-stationary environment (tidal waters). The key elements of the proposed approach...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,341 Views
12 Pages

15 December 2021

This work aims at defining in a probabilistic manner objectives and constraints typically considered in route optimization systems. Information about weather-related uncertainties is introduced by adopting ensemble forecast results. Classical reliabi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,452 Views
20 Pages

Data Assimilated Atmospheric Forecasts for Digital Twin of the Ocean Applications: A Case Study in the South Aegean, Greece

  • Antonios Parasyris,
  • Vassiliki Metheniti,
  • George Alexandrakis,
  • Georgios V. Kozyrakis and
  • Nikolaos A. Kampanis

20 December 2024

This study investigated advancements in atmospheric forecasting by integrating real-time observational data into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model through the WRF-Data Assimilation (WRF-DA) framework. By refining atmospheric models, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,312 Views
16 Pages

Sea transportation such as that by container ships has an essential role in the economy both locally and internationally. Ships are a major commodity in distributing goods over long distances due to their relatively low price compared to air shipping...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
7,143 Views
16 Pages

Development of a New Ship Adaptive Weather Routing Model Based on Seakeeping Analysis and Optimization

  • Silvia Pennino,
  • Salvatore Gaglione,
  • Anna Innac,
  • Vincenzo Piscopo and
  • Antonio Scamardella

This paper provides a new adaptive weather routing model, based on the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm, aiming to select the optimal route that maximizes the ship performances in a seaway. The model is based on a set of ship motion-limiting criteria...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,236 Views
21 Pages

7 December 2023

In order to tackle sulfur oxides (SOx) emissions from maritime activities, both local governmental bodies and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have implemented a range of regulations with the establishment of sulfur emission control area...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,461 Views
21 Pages

ETE-SRSP: An Enhanced Optimization of Tramp Ship Routing and Scheduling

  • Xiaohu Huang,
  • Yuhan Liu,
  • Mei Sha,
  • Bing Han,
  • Dezhi Han and
  • Han Liu

In the contemporary tramp shipping industry, route optimization and scheduling are directly linked to enhancements in operations, economics, and the environment, making them key factors for the effective management of maritime transportation. To enha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,638 Views
20 Pages

25 August 2024

This study examines the challenges related to the storage and distribution of cabin materials on board during the construction of cruise ships. The construction process of cruise ships involves the assembly of various cabin materials, which are tempo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
519 Views
30 Pages

16 November 2025

This study focuses on an integrated three-level multi-port liner ship vessel routing and scheduling optimization problem. Specifically, the three-level multi-port network consists of hub ports, feeder ports, and cargo source points, which provide the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,039 Views
31 Pages

Crowd-Shipping: Optimized Mixed Fleet Routing for Cold Chain Distribution

  • Fuqiang Lu,
  • Yue Xi,
  • Zhiyuan Gao,
  • Hualing Bi and
  • Shamim Mahreen

28 September 2025

In fresh produce cold chain last-mile delivery, the highly dispersed customer base leads to exorbitant delivery costs, posing the greatest challenge for cold chain enterprises. Achieving a symmetrical balance between cost-efficiency, environmental su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,710 Views
14 Pages

Optimal Route Crowd-Shipping System for Sustainable Rapid Delivery: Algorithm, Simulation, and Feasibility Evaluation

  • Lior Aronshtam,
  • Benny Sand,
  • Tammar Shrot,
  • Ruth Cohen,
  • Chaya Levin and
  • Hadassa Daltrophe

Delivery systems are ubiquitous in today’s economy. However, those systems usually operate through purpose-built vehicles, which are inefficient, expensive, and highly harmful to the environment. We propose an optimal route crowd-shipping (OR-C...

  • Article
  • Open Access
856 Views
23 Pages

Accurate weather data are very important for the navigation of ships. However, due to the insufficient coverage of the maritime network, the high cost of satellite communication, and the limited bandwidth, it is difficult for ships to obtain high-res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,798 Views
16 Pages

23 November 2022

In recent years, increasing fuel prices, depressed market conditions and air pollution issues have brought huge challenges to the tramp shipping industry. This work investigates the tramp ship routing and scheduling problem considering ship speeds an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,958 Views
31 Pages

Alternative Fuels in the Maritime Industry: Emissions Evaluation of Bulk Carrier Ships

  • Diego Díaz-Cuenca,
  • Antonio Villalba-Herreros,
  • Teresa J. Leo and
  • Rafael d’Amore-Domenech

The maritime industry remains a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this article, a systematic study has been performed on the alternative fuel emissions of large cargo ships under different route scenarios and propul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,037 Views
22 Pages

12 May 2022

This paper studies a hub-and-spoke shipping network of remote islands and integrates a maritime location inventory routing problem for a remote island shipping network considering emergency inventory. By determining a series of decisions, including t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,140 Views
22 Pages

Global Pipe Optimization for Ship Engine Room

  • Allessandro Utomo,
  • Toranosuke Hotta,
  • Naokazu Taniguchi,
  • Tadashi Yoshimoto,
  • Yoshitaka Tanabe,
  • Takanobu Shimizu,
  • Gunawan and
  • Kunihiro Hamada

10 October 2024

Pipe routing in ship design presents significant challenges because of its time-consuming nature and the need for considerable attention to detail. In recent years, the decreasing number of pipe designers has impacted the quality of pipe-routing desi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,352 Views
18 Pages

In recent years, low energy consumption has become the common choice of economic development in the world. In order to control energy consumption, shipping line speed optimization has become strategically important. to reduce fuel consumption, this s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
3,936 Views
21 Pages

12 December 2022

With the increasingly strict regulations for the energy-saving and emission-reduction technology of ships, minimizing fuel cost and thus reducing the carbon intensity index (CII) is one of the most critical issues in the design and operation of merch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,673 Views
20 Pages

Improved D* Lite Algorithm for Ship Route Planning

  • Yuankui Li,
  • Fang Yang,
  • Xinyu Zhang,
  • Dongye Yu and
  • Xuefeng Yang

5 September 2024

To address the issue of intelligent ship route planning, a ship planning method based on the improved D* Lite algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a navigation environment grid map is constructed using the acquired meteorological and hydrological datasets...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
5,531 Views
23 Pages

Near-Optimal Weather Routing by Using Improved A* Algorithm

  • Yong Woo Shin,
  • Misganaw Abebe,
  • Yoojeong Noh,
  • Sangbong Lee,
  • Inwon Lee,
  • Donghyun Kim,
  • Jungchul Bae and
  • Kyung Chun Kim

30 August 2020

With soaring oil prices worldwide, determining the most optimal routes for economical ship operation has become an important issue. Optimizing ship routes is economically important for ship operation, but it is also essential to meet the standards of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,018 Views
20 Pages

22 September 2020

There usually exist a few big customers at ports of near-sea container shipping routes who have preferences on the weekly ship arrival times due to their own production and sale schedules. Therefore, in practice, when designing ship schedules, carrie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
815 Views
28 Pages

A great ellipse route (GER), as one of the fundamental routes for ocean voyages, directly influences the actual voyage distance and the complexity of vessel maneuvering through the location and number of its waypoints. Against the backdrop of global...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,132 Views
14 Pages

Ship weather routing has always been an important issue in the research field of navigation, and many scholars have been devoted to this research for a long time. To study the route strategies of different shipping companies, this paper proposes an i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,012 Views
15 Pages

8 February 2016

Facing sharp competition in the market for shipping companies, it is necessary to make reasonable and efficient decisions to optimize the container shipping line network so as to improve the shipping efficiency and reduce the transportation cost, as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,516 Views
9 Pages

A Ship Routing System Applied to the Statistical Analysis of the Western Mediterranean Wave Trends

  • Francesc Xavier Martínez de Osés,
  • Elisenda Ventura Jariod and
  • Román Belmonte López

The Western Mediterranean basin is a busy route by Short Sea Shipping with an important route between Barcelona (Spain) and Genoa (Italy), where climatic patterns show similarities but vary during the year. One essential topic for Short Sea Shipping...

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